Counselling in KA12

Photo of Vicky Paterson, Counsellor, BACP
Vicky Paterson
Counsellor, BACP
2 Endorsed
Irvine KA12
At various points in our lives, we all encounter moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, directionless, or adrift. When life becomes too much to handle, finding a way forward can seem daunting. You might have resigned yourself to thinking, "This is just how things are now," but the good news is that it doesn't have to be that way, and I'm here to assist you. I am a qualified cognitive behavioural therapist. I provide a confidential and non-judgmental environment where I assist you in addressing and overcoming any challenges, fears, or difficulties that may be causing distress and negatively impacting your overall wellbeing. I'm here
At various points in our lives, we all encounter moments of feeling stuck, overwhelmed, directionless, or adrift. When life becomes too much to handle, finding a way forward can seem daunting. You might have resigned yourself to thinking, "This is just how things are now," but the good news is that it doesn't have to be that way, and I'm here to assist you. I am a qualified cognitive behavioural therapist. I provide a confidential and non-judgmental environment where I assist you in addressing and overcoming any challenges, fears, or difficulties that may be causing distress and negatively impacting your overall wellbeing. I'm here
07947 819647 View 07947 819647
Photo of Heather Shannon, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Heather Shannon
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Irvine KA12
I am an accredited psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience of working within mental health services in a variety of settings with adults, adolescents and children. I carry out psychological therapy for a wide range of conditions.
I am an accredited psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience of working within mental health services in a variety of settings with adults, adolescents and children. I carry out psychological therapy for a wide range of conditions.
01294 444336 View 01294 444336
Photo of Elaina Reilly, Counsellor, MBACP
Elaina Reilly
Counsellor, MBACP
Irvine KA12
I believe that one of the bravest steps a person can take is to develop a deeper understanding of themselves and their life experiences. Therapy offers a space to explore your story with curiosity and compassion, and to discover new ways of relating to yourself and the world around you, exploring difficult thoughts, emotions, & behaviours. My aim is to support you in making meaningful changes at a pace that feels right for you, while fostering greater self-awareness and emotional wellbeing, tailoring therapy to your individual needs.
I believe that one of the bravest steps a person can take is to develop a deeper understanding of themselves and their life experiences. Therapy offers a space to explore your story with curiosity and compassion, and to discover new ways of relating to yourself and the world around you, exploring difficult thoughts, emotions, & behaviours. My aim is to support you in making meaningful changes at a pace that feels right for you, while fostering greater self-awareness and emotional wellbeing, tailoring therapy to your individual needs.
01294 445384 View 01294 445384
Photo of Sophie Robertson, Counsellor, MRes, BACP
Sophie Robertson
Counsellor, MRes, BACP
Irvine KA12
I work with a wide range of clients who come to me with a variety of different needs and goals. I can work with young people aged 15 and over, adults and couples. Generally people enter counselling with me due to anxiety or depression, which is being exacerbated by past or current issues. This can include relationship difficulties, work or school issues, self-harming, family difficulties, and life transitions.
I work with a wide range of clients who come to me with a variety of different needs and goals. I can work with young people aged 15 and over, adults and couples. Generally people enter counselling with me due to anxiety or depression, which is being exacerbated by past or current issues. This can include relationship difficulties, work or school issues, self-harming, family difficulties, and life transitions.
01563 590799 View 01563 590799
Photo of Lorraine Fitzsimmons, Counsellor, MBACP
Lorraine Fitzsimmons
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Irvine KA12
Each person is unique and are THEE experts in their own life, but sometimes when faced with particular challenges, fears, or difficulties including, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions (e.g new parents or menopause), or relationship problems, it can often feel that no matter how hard you've tried, you're unable to find resolutions or solutions to the issues being faced. You feel overwhelmed, isolated, unheard and, STUCK. It doesn't have to be that way and I can help. You will be heard and I'm here for you. I'll support you to explore, address, and overcome the challenges negatively impacting your wellbeing.
Each person is unique and are THEE experts in their own life, but sometimes when faced with particular challenges, fears, or difficulties including, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions (e.g new parents or menopause), or relationship problems, it can often feel that no matter how hard you've tried, you're unable to find resolutions or solutions to the issues being faced. You feel overwhelmed, isolated, unheard and, STUCK. It doesn't have to be that way and I can help. You will be heard and I'm here for you. I'll support you to explore, address, and overcome the challenges negatively impacting your wellbeing.
01294 445380 View 01294 445380
Photo of Valerie Barr - Dynamic Diamond Consultancy, Counsellor, MBACP
Dynamic Diamond Consultancy
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I am an Integrative Cognitive Behavioural Therapist my interest in becoming a therapist developed within my career in Social Care and Trauma Informed services. I am also an experienced Trainer and currently deliver various Self Esteem, Wellbeing & Nutrition Workshops, including Retrain your Brain - Mood Food which provides Psychoeducation around anxiety and food. In life we may have similar experiences but our uniqueness as human beings mean we all recover from emotional pain in our own individual way. Whatever you’re experience we can work together to help you gain a better understanding of your thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
I am an Integrative Cognitive Behavioural Therapist my interest in becoming a therapist developed within my career in Social Care and Trauma Informed services. I am also an experienced Trainer and currently deliver various Self Esteem, Wellbeing & Nutrition Workshops, including Retrain your Brain - Mood Food which provides Psychoeducation around anxiety and food. In life we may have similar experiences but our uniqueness as human beings mean we all recover from emotional pain in our own individual way. Whatever you’re experience we can work together to help you gain a better understanding of your thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
01563 599989 View 01563 599989
Photo of Dr Jacqueline Geddes, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Jacqueline Geddes
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
You may be feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or caught in patterns that don’t make sense anymore. Many of the people I support describe carrying too much, feeling responsible for everyone else, or losing touch with their own needs. You might want clarity, steadiness, or simply somewhere you can say things out loud. You don’t need to have everything worked out. Therapy gives you space to explore what’s happening and make sense of what you need next. We take it step by step, at a pace that feels safe for you.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or caught in patterns that don’t make sense anymore. Many of the people I support describe carrying too much, feeling responsible for everyone else, or losing touch with their own needs. You might want clarity, steadiness, or simply somewhere you can say things out loud. You don’t need to have everything worked out. Therapy gives you space to explore what’s happening and make sense of what you need next. We take it step by step, at a pace that feels safe for you.
01292 439849 View 01292 439849
Photo of Mary Martin, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Mary Martin
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Serves Area
I help people struggling with anxiety gain control of their bodies and minds by helping them regulate their nervous system. Living with anxiety is debilitating on all fronts- mentally, emotionally and physically. Chronic anxiety leaves us spinning in uncertainty - overwhelmed, not knowing how to help yourself, unclear on what to try next or what might make things worse. I help my clients cut through the noise and find relief by working with the nervous system. Anxiety, at its root is a nervous system response. It is your bodies' way of letting you know it doesn't feel safe -
I help people struggling with anxiety gain control of their bodies and minds by helping them regulate their nervous system. Living with anxiety is debilitating on all fronts- mentally, emotionally and physically. Chronic anxiety leaves us spinning in uncertainty - overwhelmed, not knowing how to help yourself, unclear on what to try next or what might make things worse. I help my clients cut through the noise and find relief by working with the nervous system. Anxiety, at its root is a nervous system response. It is your bodies' way of letting you know it doesn't feel safe -
07400 647453 View 07400 647453
Photo of Nicola Hill, Counsellor, MBACP
Nicola Hill
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
My name is Nicola and I am an integrative counsellor registered with the BACP. I believe everyone is unique and so is their path to healing. My approach blends a range of therapeutic techniques, drawing from CBT, Psychodynamic, Humanistic and Mindfulness Based Practices. This flexibility allows me to tailor sessions to your specific needs. I create a warm, supportive space where we can explore your thoughts, emotions and experiences at a pace that feels right for you. Let’s work together to create meaningful and lasting change.
My name is Nicola and I am an integrative counsellor registered with the BACP. I believe everyone is unique and so is their path to healing. My approach blends a range of therapeutic techniques, drawing from CBT, Psychodynamic, Humanistic and Mindfulness Based Practices. This flexibility allows me to tailor sessions to your specific needs. I create a warm, supportive space where we can explore your thoughts, emotions and experiences at a pace that feels right for you. Let’s work together to create meaningful and lasting change.
01560 337684 View 01560 337684
Photo of Harriet Hockaday - North Ayrshire Psychology (Dr Harriet Hockaday), Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
North Ayrshire Psychology (Dr Harriet Hockaday)
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Irvine KA12
Waitlist for new clients
My name is Dr Harriet Hockaday, and I am a HCPC registered qualified Clinical Psychologist. I am an experienced and specialist therapist, who has worked in various mental health services within the NHS since 2014, including in adult mental heath, older adult psychology, and neuropsychology services. I currently offer online and telephone based therapy to adults (18+) across the UK. I also offer face-to-face appointments in comfortable surroundings in Irvine, North Ayrshire.
My name is Dr Harriet Hockaday, and I am a HCPC registered qualified Clinical Psychologist. I am an experienced and specialist therapist, who has worked in various mental health services within the NHS since 2014, including in adult mental heath, older adult psychology, and neuropsychology services. I currently offer online and telephone based therapy to adults (18+) across the UK. I also offer face-to-face appointments in comfortable surroundings in Irvine, North Ayrshire.
01505 805531 View 01505 805531
Photo of Robert Fulton - Progress Psychotherapy- CBT and EMDR therapy, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Progress Psychotherapy- CBT and EMDR therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I am an accredited cognitive behavioural therapist and EMDR therapist who runs Progress Psychotherapy. The service operates in Kilmarnock or UK wide if you prefer videocalls. My core specialism is trauma but I also have extensive experience treating hundreds of clients with anxiety disorders, depression, low self esteem, OCD, low self-esteem, self-harm, BPD, DID and many other issues.
I am an accredited cognitive behavioural therapist and EMDR therapist who runs Progress Psychotherapy. The service operates in Kilmarnock or UK wide if you prefer videocalls. My core specialism is trauma but I also have extensive experience treating hundreds of clients with anxiety disorders, depression, low self esteem, OCD, low self-esteem, self-harm, BPD, DID and many other issues.
01563 593290 View 01563 593290
Photo of Anna S McNamara - Insight Scotland Counselling , Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Insight Scotland Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I work therapeutically with adults experiencing anxiety and depression. I try to remove some barriers to therapy by offering accessible, low cost, flexible options. Sessions start from £40 online and £50 in-person. Clients I have supported in the past have come to therapy for a variety of reasons including adverse childhood experiences, adult relationship difficulties, menopause, challenging family dynamics, bereavement, addiction, ill health, complex trauma (CPTSD) or managing ADHD.
I work therapeutically with adults experiencing anxiety and depression. I try to remove some barriers to therapy by offering accessible, low cost, flexible options. Sessions start from £40 online and £50 in-person. Clients I have supported in the past have come to therapy for a variety of reasons including adverse childhood experiences, adult relationship difficulties, menopause, challenging family dynamics, bereavement, addiction, ill health, complex trauma (CPTSD) or managing ADHD.
01563 594339 View 01563 594339
Photo of Shirley Macmillan
Shirley Macmillan
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist based in Ayrshire. I work predominantly with a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach, but also draw on other therapeutic approaches to provide a more integrative and tailored therapy for you. There are times when we all experience situations that cause distress or uncertainty and it can be difficult to move past these events or to speak to those close to us.
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist based in Ayrshire. I work predominantly with a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach, but also draw on other therapeutic approaches to provide a more integrative and tailored therapy for you. There are times when we all experience situations that cause distress or uncertainty and it can be difficult to move past these events or to speak to those close to us.
01292 439650 View 01292 439650

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Carol Dobbins, Counsellor, MBACP
Carol Dobbins
Counsellor, MBACP
Hello, I’m Carol. Feeling “stuck”, "lost", anxious or afraid and finding it hard to cope with daily life can be something we may all experience at some point in our lives. This can be difficult to navigate alone and I would like to support you by providing a safe, confidential space as we work together to help you gain insight, self-awareness, clarity, confidence and positive growth towards greater fulfilment. As a psychodynamic therapist, I will help you find your way again by unravelling hidden or unconscious aspects of you. Whatever the issue we can explore this together.
Hello, I’m Carol. Feeling “stuck”, "lost", anxious or afraid and finding it hard to cope with daily life can be something we may all experience at some point in our lives. This can be difficult to navigate alone and I would like to support you by providing a safe, confidential space as we work together to help you gain insight, self-awareness, clarity, confidence and positive growth towards greater fulfilment. As a psychodynamic therapist, I will help you find your way again by unravelling hidden or unconscious aspects of you. Whatever the issue we can explore this together.
01355 201303 View 01355 201303
Photo of Brent De Castro, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Brent De Castro
Psychotherapist, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Glasgow G42
Needing a safe place to talk? I’m a queer-affirming Integrative therapist based in Glasgow, offering online and In-Person therapy across the UK for LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent adults and others dealing with anxiety, identity, and trauma. Many people I work with feel pressure to hold everything together while quietly struggling inside. You might be questioning your sense of self, feeling anxious or self-critical, or going through a change that’s left you feeling uncertain or off-balance. Therapy can be a space to slow things down and make sense of what’s happening. Let’s work collaboratively to get you to where you want to be.
Needing a safe place to talk? I’m a queer-affirming Integrative therapist based in Glasgow, offering online and In-Person therapy across the UK for LGBTQIA+ and neurodivergent adults and others dealing with anxiety, identity, and trauma. Many people I work with feel pressure to hold everything together while quietly struggling inside. You might be questioning your sense of self, feeling anxious or self-critical, or going through a change that’s left you feeling uncertain or off-balance. Therapy can be a space to slow things down and make sense of what’s happening. Let’s work collaboratively to get you to where you want to be.
0141 465 5243 View 0141 465 5243
Photo of Karolina White - KWStherapy
KWStherapy
Verified Verified
Glasgow G40
Hi, are you exhausted and overwhelmed by life? Wanting to rediscover happiness and break free from the cycle of negative thoughts and unhelpful behaviours, rest assured that you're not alone! Together, we can embark on a collaborative journey to understand the factors that have led you to this point and explore how your thinking impacts how you feel, and how that affects your actions. Whether it's an individual or relationship work, my goal is to equip you with knowledge that will empower you to make well-informed decisions and enable you to respond rather than react to life events.
Hi, are you exhausted and overwhelmed by life? Wanting to rediscover happiness and break free from the cycle of negative thoughts and unhelpful behaviours, rest assured that you're not alone! Together, we can embark on a collaborative journey to understand the factors that have led you to this point and explore how your thinking impacts how you feel, and how that affects your actions. Whether it's an individual or relationship work, my goal is to equip you with knowledge that will empower you to make well-informed decisions and enable you to respond rather than react to life events.
01236 918771 View 01236 918771
Photo of Scott Johnstone - Scott Johnstone Therapy, Counsellor, MBACP
Scott Johnstone Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Welcome—I'm glad you're here. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is centred around what matters most to you. As your therapist, my role is to gently support you in discovering your own goals and help you move towards them at your own pace. I believe that a caring and trusting relationship is the foundation of effective therapy. We’ll work together in a way that feels safe and respectful, without judgement. Using evidence-based techniques, I’m here to help you navigate whatever challenges you’re facing—whether that’s anxiety, depression, addiction, grief, or phobias—with compassion and understanding.
Welcome—I'm glad you're here. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is centred around what matters most to you. As your therapist, my role is to gently support you in discovering your own goals and help you move towards them at your own pace. I believe that a caring and trusting relationship is the foundation of effective therapy. We’ll work together in a way that feels safe and respectful, without judgement. Using evidence-based techniques, I’m here to help you navigate whatever challenges you’re facing—whether that’s anxiety, depression, addiction, grief, or phobias—with compassion and understanding.
01698 757638 View 01698 757638
Photo of Sarah Findlay, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Sport Psych.
Sarah Findlay
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Sport Psych.
Serves Area
High performance can be incredibly rewarding - and incredibly demanding. I work with driven, ambitious individuals who care deeply about performing well - but want some support navigating the world of high-performance. They want to feel steadier and more confident under pressure, and to pursue meaningful goals without sacrificing their wellbeing in the process. I place equal importance on the wellbeing that makes high performance sustainable.
High performance can be incredibly rewarding - and incredibly demanding. I work with driven, ambitious individuals who care deeply about performing well - but want some support navigating the world of high-performance. They want to feel steadier and more confident under pressure, and to pursue meaningful goals without sacrificing their wellbeing in the process. I place equal importance on the wellbeing that makes high performance sustainable.
020 4634 9558 View 020 4634 9558
Photo of Shaheen Syedain - Shaheen Syedain, Couples Therapy, Family Therapy , Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Shaheen Syedain, Couples Therapy, Family Therapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
I am Shaheen, a qualified and experienced therapist working with couples, families and individuals, who would like to deal with life or relationship challenges differently. My approach is systemic, which means looking at issues in the context of relationships, experiences, cultures and situations. For couples or families it's useful for recognising unhelpful patterns and enabling you - between you - to find new ways of managing that fit better with how you would like to be. Whatever challenges you are facing, we can explore what the multiple factors are, that may have contributed, and open up space for new ideas.
I am Shaheen, a qualified and experienced therapist working with couples, families and individuals, who would like to deal with life or relationship challenges differently. My approach is systemic, which means looking at issues in the context of relationships, experiences, cultures and situations. For couples or families it's useful for recognising unhelpful patterns and enabling you - between you - to find new ways of managing that fit better with how you would like to be. Whatever challenges you are facing, we can explore what the multiple factors are, that may have contributed, and open up space for new ideas.
0141 673 5004 View 0141 673 5004
Photo of Angela Williamson, Counsellor, MBACP
Angela Williamson
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Angela Williamson, B.Sc., HND, RGN, PDA – Addictions. I’m an integrative, person-centred counsellor with a background in nursing, health promotion, and a PDA in addictions. I support people experiencing anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, grief, life transitions, chronic illness, and the impact of addiction — including support for loved ones. I offer a safe, flexible space in Strathaven or online, helping you reconnect with yourself. Free 20-minute consultations available.
Angela Williamson, B.Sc., HND, RGN, PDA – Addictions. I’m an integrative, person-centred counsellor with a background in nursing, health promotion, and a PDA in addictions. I support people experiencing anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, grief, life transitions, chronic illness, and the impact of addiction — including support for loved ones. I offer a safe, flexible space in Strathaven or online, helping you reconnect with yourself. Free 20-minute consultations available.
01357 513059 View 01357 513059

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in KA12

10+

Average cost per session

£45

Counsellors in KA12 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
92% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
77% Depression
77% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
54% Bereavement

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Bupa
100% Aviva
100% WPA

How Counsellors in KA12 see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in KA12?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.