Counselling in London

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Photo of Dr Lauren Rockliffe, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Lauren Rockliffe
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Verified Verified
London EC2A  (Online Only)
You might be looking to lose weight to help improve your overall health and wellbeing. Perhaps you’ve been struggling with your weight for a while, and you're looking to address the underlying emotional, behavioural, or psychological factors that contribute to your relationship with food and body image. Whatever your reasons are for wanting to lose weight, my aim is to support you to better understand your behaviour and to help you make healthy, long-lasting changes.
You might be looking to lose weight to help improve your overall health and wellbeing. Perhaps you’ve been struggling with your weight for a while, and you're looking to address the underlying emotional, behavioural, or psychological factors that contribute to your relationship with food and body image. Whatever your reasons are for wanting to lose weight, my aim is to support you to better understand your behaviour and to help you make healthy, long-lasting changes.
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Photo of Madi Strong, Psychotherapist in London, England
Madi Strong
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W1G
Hi I'm Madi, a psychotherapist with 30+ years of clinical experience, . I have a strong relational focus which draws from attachment and psychodynamic perspectives. I am comfortable with talk based approaches and as a trained arts therapist I know the unique power of engaging creativity and imagination to overcome life’s challenges. Therapy can feel daunting but there are also moments of connection spontaneity and even joy . At the heart of my work lies the privilege of working alongside my clients, supporting them to attain their goals, and find a measure of peace, wellbeing and fulfilment that is life changing.
Hi I'm Madi, a psychotherapist with 30+ years of clinical experience, . I have a strong relational focus which draws from attachment and psychodynamic perspectives. I am comfortable with talk based approaches and as a trained arts therapist I know the unique power of engaging creativity and imagination to overcome life’s challenges. Therapy can feel daunting but there are also moments of connection spontaneity and even joy . At the heart of my work lies the privilege of working alongside my clients, supporting them to attain their goals, and find a measure of peace, wellbeing and fulfilment that is life changing.
020 3835 3858 View 020 3835 3858
Photo of Jane Clark, Psychotherapist in London, England
Jane Clark
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N5
As a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist I provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental environment where I can help you gain insight into the less conscious aspects of your thinking, behaviour and feelings. I can offer brief focused counselling where we can address a current situation, as well as longer term psychotherapy where we can work together to disentangle deeper rooted difficulties which may have built up over time as a result of your earliest experiences.
As a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist I provide a safe, confidential and non-judgemental environment where I can help you gain insight into the less conscious aspects of your thinking, behaviour and feelings. I can offer brief focused counselling where we can address a current situation, as well as longer term psychotherapy where we can work together to disentangle deeper rooted difficulties which may have built up over time as a result of your earliest experiences.
020 3962 0437 View 020 3962 0437
Photo of Sanaz Mehdipour, Psychotherapist in London, England
Sanaz Mehdipour
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London W4
I am an existential psychotherapist working with individuals and couples who are looking to take meaningful steps towards living in more fulfilling ways. In seeking therapy, we are committing to invest in ourselves and the important relationships around us. This is a daunting task that requires courage, honesty and compassion from both the client and the therapist. Our most compelling emotional learnings occur through relationships, not on our own, therefore the therapist and the quality of the therapeutic relationship are fundamental to deeper emotional understanding and insight.
I am an existential psychotherapist working with individuals and couples who are looking to take meaningful steps towards living in more fulfilling ways. In seeking therapy, we are committing to invest in ourselves and the important relationships around us. This is a daunting task that requires courage, honesty and compassion from both the client and the therapist. Our most compelling emotional learnings occur through relationships, not on our own, therefore the therapist and the quality of the therapeutic relationship are fundamental to deeper emotional understanding and insight.
020 3962 1776 View 020 3962 1776
Photo of Rosie Summerhayes, Counsellor in London, England
Rosie Summerhayes
Counsellor, MSc, CPsychol
Verified Verified
London SW18
I am a Counselling Psychologist, with 25 years experience, who offers you a space that is confidential and supportive, where you can talk about any aspects of your life that are troubling you. I work with difficulties like anxiety, panic attacks, stress, feeling emotionally overwhelmed, low mood, depression, grieving, relationship difficulties, work place issues, low self esteem, family problems or trauma. You might have past or present experiences affecting you, or you might feel confused in knowing what the problem is.
I am a Counselling Psychologist, with 25 years experience, who offers you a space that is confidential and supportive, where you can talk about any aspects of your life that are troubling you. I work with difficulties like anxiety, panic attacks, stress, feeling emotionally overwhelmed, low mood, depression, grieving, relationship difficulties, work place issues, low self esteem, family problems or trauma. You might have past or present experiences affecting you, or you might feel confused in knowing what the problem is.
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Photo of Helen Cooper, Psychotherapist in London, England
Helen Cooper
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
London SW6
Sometimes we experience feelings of anger, stress, anxiety, depression and loneliness which can dominate our lives. As an Art Therapist I would offer a warm and accepting psychotherapeutic relationship where both positive and negative emotions can be explored and understood through the medium of art. I offer a chance for clients to discover the creativity within their inner selves and to have a shared experience of exploring a different method of expression when some feelings are just too deep for words. Above all, I offer a comforting space, where my clients can become empowered and lead a more positive life.
Sometimes we experience feelings of anger, stress, anxiety, depression and loneliness which can dominate our lives. As an Art Therapist I would offer a warm and accepting psychotherapeutic relationship where both positive and negative emotions can be explored and understood through the medium of art. I offer a chance for clients to discover the creativity within their inner selves and to have a shared experience of exploring a different method of expression when some feelings are just too deep for words. Above all, I offer a comforting space, where my clients can become empowered and lead a more positive life.
020 3818 1040 View 020 3818 1040
Photo of Gretchen C Robertson, Psychotherapist in London, England
Gretchen C Robertson
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N13
In my practice, it is my privilege to walk alongside individuals who are seeking to heal themselves as they grow through life. My role is it use my training as an integrative transpersonal psychotherapist to support the emergent qualities of balance and develop ego strength in service to one’s higher-self, even when the soul feels deeply weary. This is a long winded way of describing a therapeutic style that is guided by the client that adapts to the needs and is non judgemental, that has proven successful for many clients over the years.
In my practice, it is my privilege to walk alongside individuals who are seeking to heal themselves as they grow through life. My role is it use my training as an integrative transpersonal psychotherapist to support the emergent qualities of balance and develop ego strength in service to one’s higher-self, even when the soul feels deeply weary. This is a long winded way of describing a therapeutic style that is guided by the client that adapts to the needs and is non judgemental, that has proven successful for many clients over the years.
020 3816 3578 View 020 3816 3578
Photo of Jennifer Farnon, Psychotherapist in London, England
Jennifer Farnon
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London E7
I offer a warm non-judgemental and confidential environment in which to discuss your issues. As a BACP registered and accredited counsellor, I have substantial experience both in public sector organisations, and as a private practitioner, and have worked with a wide range of complex issues, supporting people to make successful changes in their lives. Working creatively, and with the therapeutic relationship remaining at the heart of the process, I adhere to the theory that the client is the best expert of themselves and that with deep empathy coupled with the therapeutic alliance, this expertise can be revealed and applied.
I offer a warm non-judgemental and confidential environment in which to discuss your issues. As a BACP registered and accredited counsellor, I have substantial experience both in public sector organisations, and as a private practitioner, and have worked with a wide range of complex issues, supporting people to make successful changes in their lives. Working creatively, and with the therapeutic relationship remaining at the heart of the process, I adhere to the theory that the client is the best expert of themselves and that with deep empathy coupled with the therapeutic alliance, this expertise can be revealed and applied.
020 3974 1584 View 020 3974 1584
Photo of Dr Joyce Blake, Psychotherapist in London, England
Dr Joyce Blake
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SW3
Fully accredited BABCP (CBT) therapist, BPS/HCPC psychologist and EMDR practitioner registered with the UK and Ireland EMDR Association. I appreciate that it is not always easy to take those first steps to seek help and my aim is to make our initial conversation (and any subsequent therapy) as welcoming and helpful as possible for you. I believe that all individuals and couples have the potential for growth and change and, having completed many years of training, my aim is to adapt my therapeutic style in order to achieve the best results for you at this time. I have many years experience of working for the NHS and MIND.
Fully accredited BABCP (CBT) therapist, BPS/HCPC psychologist and EMDR practitioner registered with the UK and Ireland EMDR Association. I appreciate that it is not always easy to take those first steps to seek help and my aim is to make our initial conversation (and any subsequent therapy) as welcoming and helpful as possible for you. I believe that all individuals and couples have the potential for growth and change and, having completed many years of training, my aim is to adapt my therapeutic style in order to achieve the best results for you at this time. I have many years experience of working for the NHS and MIND.
020 3826 8583 View 020 3826 8583
Photo of Ijeoma Nweze, Counsellor in London, England
Ijeoma Nweze
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
London E13  (Online Only)
My name Ije, I am a certified counselling psychotherapist in London area, United Kingdom. My experience comes from direct mental health advocacy and counselling with teen/young people/adolescents and adults with varied presenting issues
My name Ije, I am a certified counselling psychotherapist in London area, United Kingdom. My experience comes from direct mental health advocacy and counselling with teen/young people/adolescents and adults with varied presenting issues
020 3714 8084 View 020 3714 8084
Photo of Emily Smith, Psychotherapist in London, England
Emily Smith
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
London SW20
Life can throw us off course, from time to time we can all feel overwhelmed, confused, stuck, frightened or alone. Counselling gives the opportunity to talk through feelings, thoughts and worries in a safe, non-judgmental space. It is not always easy to talk to our family and friends, the therapeutic relationship offers a confidential and consistent space to share and work through the problems we can find difficult to bring up with others.
Life can throw us off course, from time to time we can all feel overwhelmed, confused, stuck, frightened or alone. Counselling gives the opportunity to talk through feelings, thoughts and worries in a safe, non-judgmental space. It is not always easy to talk to our family and friends, the therapeutic relationship offers a confidential and consistent space to share and work through the problems we can find difficult to bring up with others.
020 4538 4266 View 020 4538 4266
Photo of Mary-Claire Wilson, Psychotherapist in London, England
Mary-Claire Wilson
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
London E11
I provide a warm and confidential space to support you in finding your own way. Often, to give voice to what's troubling you offers relief. We'll also discover and affirm your talents, achievements and strengths, as we travel the road to growth and insight. I don't take the 'blank screen' approach, meaning I don't stare at you in silence. If I don't share my thoughts with you, the therapy is only taking place in my head. I value you for the unique individual you are. This kind of environment can be rare to find, and powerful to experience. Clients have said that they feel supported by me, and that they've gained fresh insights.
I provide a warm and confidential space to support you in finding your own way. Often, to give voice to what's troubling you offers relief. We'll also discover and affirm your talents, achievements and strengths, as we travel the road to growth and insight. I don't take the 'blank screen' approach, meaning I don't stare at you in silence. If I don't share my thoughts with you, the therapy is only taking place in my head. I value you for the unique individual you are. This kind of environment can be rare to find, and powerful to experience. Clients have said that they feel supported by me, and that they've gained fresh insights.
020 3835 5528 View 020 3835 5528
Photo of Dr Sharmin Aktar, Psychologist in London, England
Dr Sharmin Aktar
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London W1G
You matter. You are important. As a HCPC registered Counselling Psychologist, I understand that the decision to begin therapy can be a nerve-wracking experience, therefore I am dedicated to creating a safe space for you. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental environment for you to feel and process your emotions and experiences. I offer collaborative ways of working with a focus on the ‘here and now’ and an exploration of childhood experiences to uncover the roots of the psychological distress.
You matter. You are important. As a HCPC registered Counselling Psychologist, I understand that the decision to begin therapy can be a nerve-wracking experience, therefore I am dedicated to creating a safe space for you. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental environment for you to feel and process your emotions and experiences. I offer collaborative ways of working with a focus on the ‘here and now’ and an exploration of childhood experiences to uncover the roots of the psychological distress.
020 4538 5153 View 020 4538 5153
Photo of Juliana Neves, Psychotherapist in London, England
Juliana Neves
Psychotherapist, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
London W2
I hold a BSc in Psychology from Brazil and I am a qualified Counsellor & Psychotherapist with extensive training in various therapeutic approaches, research, reflective practice. Throughout my career, I have worked with adults in public mental health/community settings in the UK. My expertise lies in offering empathetic and effective assistance to individuals navigating through distressing emotions. With a strong commitment to fostering emotional well-being, I create a supportive and nurturing environment where adults and couples can explore their feelings and relationship to find meaningful solutions to their challenges.
I hold a BSc in Psychology from Brazil and I am a qualified Counsellor & Psychotherapist with extensive training in various therapeutic approaches, research, reflective practice. Throughout my career, I have worked with adults in public mental health/community settings in the UK. My expertise lies in offering empathetic and effective assistance to individuals navigating through distressing emotions. With a strong commitment to fostering emotional well-being, I create a supportive and nurturing environment where adults and couples can explore their feelings and relationship to find meaningful solutions to their challenges.
020 3835 4889 View 020 3835 4889
Photo of Anisoara Huettemann, Counsellor in London, England
Anisoara Huettemann
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
London N1  (Online Only)
Are you feeling disconnected from who you are, stuck in life, anxious or down? Do you prioritise others over yourself and what they think of you? Do you find it difficult to value yourself and know what is right for you? As licensed counsellor and registered BACP member, I offer a safe and non-judgmental space to explore your feelings, thoughts and perceptions and see how they affect your life and your relationships. We will work through emotional struggles, psychological blocks, and existential dilemmas to connect to a solid sense of self, healthy self-esteem, a meaningful life and relationships.
Are you feeling disconnected from who you are, stuck in life, anxious or down? Do you prioritise others over yourself and what they think of you? Do you find it difficult to value yourself and know what is right for you? As licensed counsellor and registered BACP member, I offer a safe and non-judgmental space to explore your feelings, thoughts and perceptions and see how they affect your life and your relationships. We will work through emotional struggles, psychological blocks, and existential dilemmas to connect to a solid sense of self, healthy self-esteem, a meaningful life and relationships.
020 3973 4008 View 020 3973 4008
Photo of Kat Roumpedaki, Psychotherapist in London, England
Kat Roumpedaki
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
London E3  (Online Only)
I am a psychologist trained in Greece and a UKCP registered Systemic Family and Couples therapist with over 10 years of experience working with individuals, families & couples in various psychological services in the NHS, while I am running a private practice. I am trained in various evidence-based approaches, but I tend to tailor my approach based on my clients needs and in collaboration with them. I believe our relationships is a mirror through which we see ourselves and the world around us and I tend to use a relational lens in my work, which also aligns with my extensive training in psychotherapy.
I am a psychologist trained in Greece and a UKCP registered Systemic Family and Couples therapist with over 10 years of experience working with individuals, families & couples in various psychological services in the NHS, while I am running a private practice. I am trained in various evidence-based approaches, but I tend to tailor my approach based on my clients needs and in collaboration with them. I believe our relationships is a mirror through which we see ourselves and the world around us and I tend to use a relational lens in my work, which also aligns with my extensive training in psychotherapy.
020 4538 7027 View 020 4538 7027
Photo of Emma Edwards, Counsellor in London, England
Emma Edwards
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SW19
Many issues can bring people to counselling including depression, anxiety, low mood, coping with loss, navigating change, and feeling overwhelmed with life. The key focus of my client work is to provide a safe, empathic, and supportive space where you can feel heard and validated. Having received counselling myself, I understand the importance of being able to work at your pace and with you to create a trusting relationship where you can feel free and comfortable to explore whatever issues or difficulties you have, find resolution and make positive changes.
Many issues can bring people to counselling including depression, anxiety, low mood, coping with loss, navigating change, and feeling overwhelmed with life. The key focus of my client work is to provide a safe, empathic, and supportive space where you can feel heard and validated. Having received counselling myself, I understand the importance of being able to work at your pace and with you to create a trusting relationship where you can feel free and comfortable to explore whatever issues or difficulties you have, find resolution and make positive changes.
01929 500541 View 01929 500541
Photo of Michaela Thomas, Psychologist in London, England
Michaela Thomas
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
London EC1M  (Online Only)
You’re overwhelmed and exhausted, but you're too busy to allow yourself the permission to take a break. You don't feel good enough, and beat yourself up for your mistakes - maybe you even lie awake at night, worrying about screwing up your kids or losing your work. No wonder you're tired, snappy and unhappy at times, from the lack of rest, recovery and balance in your life. Imagine if you could get your zest for life back, to feel a sense of ease and peace, and calm that overwhelm. You would be more focused, efficient and effective, getting your work done in less time, with more time for fun with your family.
You’re overwhelmed and exhausted, but you're too busy to allow yourself the permission to take a break. You don't feel good enough, and beat yourself up for your mistakes - maybe you even lie awake at night, worrying about screwing up your kids or losing your work. No wonder you're tired, snappy and unhappy at times, from the lack of rest, recovery and balance in your life. Imagine if you could get your zest for life back, to feel a sense of ease and peace, and calm that overwhelm. You would be more focused, efficient and effective, getting your work done in less time, with more time for fun with your family.
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Photo of Catherine Bechirian, Psychotherapist in London, England
Catherine Bechirian
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
London N1  (Online Only)
I have 17 years experience of offering a supportive, confidential place in which to make some sense of symptoms such as anxiety, stress, depression, or a sense of general dissatisfaction. You may have suffered a loss, or trauma, or be going through a transition in your life and would like to talk to a professional. People come to therapy for many reasons. I see my role as therapist as being someone who can support you in learning more about yourself, your thinking and behaviours, your relationships, and your unconscious motivations, supporting you to create meaning, and to make the changes that you feel you need.
I have 17 years experience of offering a supportive, confidential place in which to make some sense of symptoms such as anxiety, stress, depression, or a sense of general dissatisfaction. You may have suffered a loss, or trauma, or be going through a transition in your life and would like to talk to a professional. People come to therapy for many reasons. I see my role as therapist as being someone who can support you in learning more about yourself, your thinking and behaviours, your relationships, and your unconscious motivations, supporting you to create meaning, and to make the changes that you feel you need.
01322 949235 View 01322 949235
Photo of Lorna French, Psychologist in London, England
Lorna French
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
London SE19
Many people come to therapy feeling low, anxious or lost, and I offer a space to explore those experiences and identify opportunities for doing things differently. I welcome people from all backgrounds and experiences, and usually start by working with you to understand who you are and what is important to you. I draw on a range of approaches (e.g. narrative therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, and compassion focused approaches), with a particular focus on values and identity. I am experienced in supporting adults of all ages with a range of issues, such as low mood, stress, anxiety and shame.
Many people come to therapy feeling low, anxious or lost, and I offer a space to explore those experiences and identify opportunities for doing things differently. I welcome people from all backgrounds and experiences, and usually start by working with you to understand who you are and what is important to you. I draw on a range of approaches (e.g. narrative therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, and compassion focused approaches), with a particular focus on values and identity. I am experienced in supporting adults of all ages with a range of issues, such as low mood, stress, anxiety and shame.
020 3835 4653 View 020 3835 4653

See more therapy options for London

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in London

3,000+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in London who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aviva
65% AXA PPP
58% Vitality

How Counsellors in London see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in London?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.