Counselling in IP10

Photo of Kerry O'Shaughnessy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Kerry O'Shaughnessy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
Sometimes we lose sight of ourselves and need a little help reconnecting, sometimes we become lost and sometimes we have that familiar experience of ‘why is this happening to me again?’. How we used to relate to ourselves and to others may not be working quite so well now. The defences we have in place to protect us can get in the way and do not work quite like they used to. Being human can be tough and it can be hard to see the wood for the trees. To have someone walk alongside, wherever the path may lead, can be a truly transformative process.
Sometimes we lose sight of ourselves and need a little help reconnecting, sometimes we become lost and sometimes we have that familiar experience of ‘why is this happening to me again?’. How we used to relate to ourselves and to others may not be working quite so well now. The defences we have in place to protect us can get in the way and do not work quite like they used to. Being human can be tough and it can be hard to see the wood for the trees. To have someone walk alongside, wherever the path may lead, can be a truly transformative process.
01394 334201 View 01394 334201
Photo of Linda Ann Linton, Psychotherapist, BACP
Linda Ann Linton
Psychotherapist, BACP
Serves Area
At some point in our lives most of us have had times where we find life is difficult and are not sure where to turn or which direction to take to solve these issues. I believe choosing the right counsellor for you is extremely important - it stands to reason that if you feel a connection with someone you will work more productively towards your end goal. I work with clients with many areas of difficulty - anxiety, depression, relationship/emotional problems, addictions, past influences or life crisis situations such as bereavement, divorce. Counselling should be non judgemental, accepting and supportive.
At some point in our lives most of us have had times where we find life is difficult and are not sure where to turn or which direction to take to solve these issues. I believe choosing the right counsellor for you is extremely important - it stands to reason that if you feel a connection with someone you will work more productively towards your end goal. I work with clients with many areas of difficulty - anxiety, depression, relationship/emotional problems, addictions, past influences or life crisis situations such as bereavement, divorce. Counselling should be non judgemental, accepting and supportive.
01473 794242 View 01473 794242
Photo of Rachel Green, Counsellor, MUKCP
Rachel Green
Counsellor, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an integrative counsellor, being able to look at a person as a whole is so important, to understand the past, present and future. It is really important for me that you feel safe and non judged so that we can truly explore and work on the problems that you bring. In the understanding we find from what is going on we can then look into what strategies and resources we can put in place to help you manage the present. It isn't about finding perfect as it doesn't exist but getting through life the best we can and counselling can help you do that!
I am an integrative counsellor, being able to look at a person as a whole is so important, to understand the past, present and future. It is really important for me that you feel safe and non judged so that we can truly explore and work on the problems that you bring. In the understanding we find from what is going on we can then look into what strategies and resources we can put in place to help you manage the present. It isn't about finding perfect as it doesn't exist but getting through life the best we can and counselling can help you do that!
01473 917752 View 01473 917752

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Mary Smeeth, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Mary Smeeth
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
To be reading my profile, you will no doubt be upset by circumstances in your life. Perhaps relationships that used to run well are just not making sense to you anymore - be that partners, children or family. Maybe life is more overwhelming than it used to be and you're tired of just hanging in there. Perhaps that glass or wine, or comforting food that used to be the solution to life is now part of the problem. Or have you reached the point where it's all too much hard work and there's no fun anymore? All of this and more brings people to my therapy room.
To be reading my profile, you will no doubt be upset by circumstances in your life. Perhaps relationships that used to run well are just not making sense to you anymore - be that partners, children or family. Maybe life is more overwhelming than it used to be and you're tired of just hanging in there. Perhaps that glass or wine, or comforting food that used to be the solution to life is now part of the problem. Or have you reached the point where it's all too much hard work and there's no fun anymore? All of this and more brings people to my therapy room.
01284 334972 View 01284 334972
Photo of Eleanor Cornell, Counsellor, MBACP
Eleanor Cornell
Counsellor, MBACP
Hi there, my name is Ellie and I am a Counsellor specializing in trauma and the common coping skills that develop from it's effects. These include the areas of disordered eating, body image issues (including body dysmorphia), addiction (self-medicating to avoid the effects of trauma), being drawn to abusive relationships and patterns of becoming stuck and paralyzed in these damaging dynamics. The heart of my therapeutic work is to help clients discover their authentic self and to gently dis-engage from painful old beliefs they may have internalized from complex and overwhelming environments.
Hi there, my name is Ellie and I am a Counsellor specializing in trauma and the common coping skills that develop from it's effects. These include the areas of disordered eating, body image issues (including body dysmorphia), addiction (self-medicating to avoid the effects of trauma), being drawn to abusive relationships and patterns of becoming stuck and paralyzed in these damaging dynamics. The heart of my therapeutic work is to help clients discover their authentic self and to gently dis-engage from painful old beliefs they may have internalized from complex and overwhelming environments.
01376 319243 View 01376 319243
Photo of Sarah Leggett - SL Psychology Ltd, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
SL Psychology Ltd
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
Maybe you are struggling at present to understand why things are the way they are? Sometimes we can all get stuck in patterns of relating, both with ourselves and others, that are not the most helpful or productive. Sometimes this means our relationships might suffer, or our life, career and family choices. Having therapy with an experienced practitioner can help you. Therapy is about building a shared understanding of what you are facing. If you are struggling with trauma, family issues, career issues, relationships, abuse, coping difficulties, I can help. I am also happy working with children and adolescents
Maybe you are struggling at present to understand why things are the way they are? Sometimes we can all get stuck in patterns of relating, both with ourselves and others, that are not the most helpful or productive. Sometimes this means our relationships might suffer, or our life, career and family choices. Having therapy with an experienced practitioner can help you. Therapy is about building a shared understanding of what you are facing. If you are struggling with trauma, family issues, career issues, relationships, abuse, coping difficulties, I can help. I am also happy working with children and adolescents
01449 706003 View 01449 706003
Photo of Sally Jervis, Counsellor, MBACP
Sally Jervis
Counsellor, MBACP
When people ask (if they do ask) "How are you?" Do you reply "Oh I'm fine, all good" or "Yeah, not too great actually" But what your voice inside actually wants to say is "If only they knew!", "Did they even hear what I just said" or "I don't know how to admit that I'm not ok, I have to keep it together!" Life can be beautiful and amazing and at other times it can pull the rug right from under your feet, with completely no warning. Presenting us with situations that trigger overwhelming anxiety, sadness, anger and sometimes a feeling of pure desperation. Where you've never felt more disconnected with yourself and others.
When people ask (if they do ask) "How are you?" Do you reply "Oh I'm fine, all good" or "Yeah, not too great actually" But what your voice inside actually wants to say is "If only they knew!", "Did they even hear what I just said" or "I don't know how to admit that I'm not ok, I have to keep it together!" Life can be beautiful and amazing and at other times it can pull the rug right from under your feet, with completely no warning. Presenting us with situations that trigger overwhelming anxiety, sadness, anger and sometimes a feeling of pure desperation. Where you've never felt more disconnected with yourself and others.
01206 699900 View 01206 699900
Photo of Laura Eardley - Revive Therapy - Laura Eardley, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Revive Therapy - Laura Eardley
Psychotherapist, MBACP
I specialise and work with individuals and couples who seek to improve their emotional well-being and relationship dynamics. They may be dealing with issues such as communication breakdowns, emotional disconnection, anxiety, or unresolved conflicts that impact their daily lives. Their needs include finding a safe and supportive space to explore their feelings, gain clarity, and work towards healing. Their goals are to build stronger connections, achieve personal growth, and create healthier, more fulfilling relationships. They want to feel understood, validated, and empowered to make positive changes in their lives.
I specialise and work with individuals and couples who seek to improve their emotional well-being and relationship dynamics. They may be dealing with issues such as communication breakdowns, emotional disconnection, anxiety, or unresolved conflicts that impact their daily lives. Their needs include finding a safe and supportive space to explore their feelings, gain clarity, and work towards healing. Their goals are to build stronger connections, achieve personal growth, and create healthier, more fulfilling relationships. They want to feel understood, validated, and empowered to make positive changes in their lives.
020 4572 4355 View 020 4572 4355
Photo of Celia McLean, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Celia McLean
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Thank you for visiting my profile, navigating life can sometimes feel overwhelming. You may be struggling with feeling anxious or depressed. Maybe you struggle to prioritise yourself, always taking care of others needs ahead of your own, leaving you running on empty. Perhaps you feel overly responsible for others, always trying to fix their problems. Maybe past experiences have left you feeling ashamed, empty and unsure of who you are. Sometimes we need help to work through life’s challenges. I work with adults individually online and in person, gently helping them to make sense of their difficulties and find a way forwards.
Thank you for visiting my profile, navigating life can sometimes feel overwhelming. You may be struggling with feeling anxious or depressed. Maybe you struggle to prioritise yourself, always taking care of others needs ahead of your own, leaving you running on empty. Perhaps you feel overly responsible for others, always trying to fix their problems. Maybe past experiences have left you feeling ashamed, empty and unsure of who you are. Sometimes we need help to work through life’s challenges. I work with adults individually online and in person, gently helping them to make sense of their difficulties and find a way forwards.
01206 699917 View 01206 699917
Photo of Dr Rebecca Moran, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Rebecca Moran
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am a Clinical Psychologist and EMDR therapist, registered with the Health & Care Professions Council (HCPC, Reg: PYL041023). For over a decade, I have worked in public healthcare settings in the UK and Ireland; helping people, of all ages, to cope with and recover from emotional and behavioural difficulties such as Attachment issues, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, phobias and the impact of Trauma/Developmental Trauma. My approach is warm, compassionate, and empathetic. I provide a supportive and confidential space for you to safely explore your difficulties and current needs.
I am a Clinical Psychologist and EMDR therapist, registered with the Health & Care Professions Council (HCPC, Reg: PYL041023). For over a decade, I have worked in public healthcare settings in the UK and Ireland; helping people, of all ages, to cope with and recover from emotional and behavioural difficulties such as Attachment issues, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, phobias and the impact of Trauma/Developmental Trauma. My approach is warm, compassionate, and empathetic. I provide a supportive and confidential space for you to safely explore your difficulties and current needs.
01245 945723 View 01245 945723
Photo of Jane Susan Smith, Counsellor, MBACP
Jane Susan Smith
Counsellor, MBACP
Deciding to contact a counsellor can feel overwhelming but as a fully qualified counsellor and member of the BACP (British association for psychotherapy) I work to a professional standard and ethic, supporting you on every step of your journey. I work from my private practice which sits on the Essex and Suffolk border, nestled in the Colne valley offering comfortable confidential consulting rooms with discreet parking . My practice is based on person -centred values offering empathic in-depth support which allows you to explore your feelings, beliefs and emotions in a safe confidential space. Weekly, monthly or ad hoc sessions
Deciding to contact a counsellor can feel overwhelming but as a fully qualified counsellor and member of the BACP (British association for psychotherapy) I work to a professional standard and ethic, supporting you on every step of your journey. I work from my private practice which sits on the Essex and Suffolk border, nestled in the Colne valley offering comfortable confidential consulting rooms with discreet parking . My practice is based on person -centred values offering empathic in-depth support which allows you to explore your feelings, beliefs and emotions in a safe confidential space. Weekly, monthly or ad hoc sessions
01206 489875 View 01206 489875
Photo of Abi Redmon, Counsellor, MBACP
Abi Redmon
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Ipswich IP3
You may look like you’re coping on the outside while inwardly feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from yourself. Perhaps you’re navigating anxiety, life changes, relationship struggles, or a quiet sense that something isn’t quite right. You want to understand yourself more deeply, feel more grounded, and move forward with clarity. Therapy offers a space to pause, reflect, and bring intention to who you are becoming, rather than continuing patterns that leave you feeling stuck or out of control.
You may look like you’re coping on the outside while inwardly feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from yourself. Perhaps you’re navigating anxiety, life changes, relationship struggles, or a quiet sense that something isn’t quite right. You want to understand yourself more deeply, feel more grounded, and move forward with clarity. Therapy offers a space to pause, reflect, and bring intention to who you are becoming, rather than continuing patterns that leave you feeling stuck or out of control.
01473 974716 View 01473 974716
Photo of Richard Miller - Secure Base Therapy, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Secure Base Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
To see more please visit my website at- www.securebasetherapy.com
To see more please visit my website at- www.securebasetherapy.com
01206 699439 View 01206 699439
Photo of Johanna Millicent Neville - Therapy with Jo, Counsellor, MBACP
Therapy with Jo
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Hello I'm Jo a warm, down-to-earth integrative counsellor based in Colchester. I am trained in an array of counselling theories which enables me to bring a tailored approach of therapy to clients. Whatever has brought you here today, you are welcome. With 25 years experience in supporting individuals in difficulty I came to counselling through my own journey of trauma and healing. I have extensive experience in working with neurodiversity and childhood trauma however this is not exclusive so whatever your dilemma or difficulty do get in touch to discuss support. I offer a free 15 mins assessment call so feel free to reach out.
Hello I'm Jo a warm, down-to-earth integrative counsellor based in Colchester. I am trained in an array of counselling theories which enables me to bring a tailored approach of therapy to clients. Whatever has brought you here today, you are welcome. With 25 years experience in supporting individuals in difficulty I came to counselling through my own journey of trauma and healing. I have extensive experience in working with neurodiversity and childhood trauma however this is not exclusive so whatever your dilemma or difficulty do get in touch to discuss support. I offer a free 15 mins assessment call so feel free to reach out.
01795 905159 View 01795 905159
Photo of Tracy Stafford, Counsellor, MBACP
Tracy Stafford
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Hello and welcome, finding yourself seeking a therapist can feel daunting for many, it may however be a first step towards gaining the support that may prove incredibly valuable on your life journey. I offer short- and long-term therapy depending on your individual needs, this may be negotiated throughout our work together.
Hello and welcome, finding yourself seeking a therapist can feel daunting for many, it may however be a first step towards gaining the support that may prove incredibly valuable on your life journey. I offer short- and long-term therapy depending on your individual needs, this may be negotiated throughout our work together.
01284 331574 View 01284 331574
Photo of Laura Lovelock - Essex Inspire Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Hello, I'm Laura and I understand that life at times can be challenging and as human beings it is natural to seek support during difficult times. If you have found yourself here, you have taken the first step in a difficult period in your life or that of a loved one. I offer a supportive and non judgemental space to explore those uncomfortable feelings, and together we can work towards you feeling able to deal with lifes challenges in a more manageable way. I work in a variety of ways to best support your needs and work in a collaborative way with you, beside you in your journey to a more content way of living.
Hello, I'm Laura and I understand that life at times can be challenging and as human beings it is natural to seek support during difficult times. If you have found yourself here, you have taken the first step in a difficult period in your life or that of a loved one. I offer a supportive and non judgemental space to explore those uncomfortable feelings, and together we can work towards you feeling able to deal with lifes challenges in a more manageable way. I work in a variety of ways to best support your needs and work in a collaborative way with you, beside you in your journey to a more content way of living.
01255 441534 View 01255 441534
Photo of Dumitru Puscasu - CBT & Coaching Services, Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
CBT & Coaching Services
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
If you find asking yourself far too often "what is wrong with me", feeling overwhelmed with anxiety and low mood, avoiding things, or lacking motivation and energy, maybe it is time to seek help. We tend to feel ashamed when we struggle and avoid seeking help. Unfortunately, as time goes by, our problems grow bigger. Learning to team up with your mind and your emotions transforms your quality of life and your relationship with self and others. Are you struggling with negative thought patterns or managing your emotions? Are you struggling with anxiety, stress, or a low mood? Discover the power of psychotherapy and Life Coaching.
If you find asking yourself far too often "what is wrong with me", feeling overwhelmed with anxiety and low mood, avoiding things, or lacking motivation and energy, maybe it is time to seek help. We tend to feel ashamed when we struggle and avoid seeking help. Unfortunately, as time goes by, our problems grow bigger. Learning to team up with your mind and your emotions transforms your quality of life and your relationship with self and others. Are you struggling with negative thought patterns or managing your emotions? Are you struggling with anxiety, stress, or a low mood? Discover the power of psychotherapy and Life Coaching.
01359 307894 View 01359 307894
Photo of Rebecca Newport, Counsellor, MBACP
Rebecca Newport
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Ipswich IP4
I am a fully qualified integrative counsellor. I work from a humanistic core, which means that I keep you at the centre of our work. However, I do not believe that therapy is a one-size-fits-all process. We are all unique, and different therapeutic approaches may feel more akin to you than others. Being an integrative therapist means that I can draw on a number of approaches and skills in our work together. These are integrated seamlessly, allowing us to work in a way that feels right for you. I have experience working with many different problems, with a particular interest in fertility-related issues and childhood sexual abuse.
I am a fully qualified integrative counsellor. I work from a humanistic core, which means that I keep you at the centre of our work. However, I do not believe that therapy is a one-size-fits-all process. We are all unique, and different therapeutic approaches may feel more akin to you than others. Being an integrative therapist means that I can draw on a number of approaches and skills in our work together. These are integrated seamlessly, allowing us to work in a way that feels right for you. I have experience working with many different problems, with a particular interest in fertility-related issues and childhood sexual abuse.
01292 430779 View 01292 430779
Photo of Marie Sewell, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Marie Sewell
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Witham CM8
Are you genuinely curious about exploring your inner self and discovering more about your thoughts, emotions, and behaviour's. You may be facing challenges related to mental health, life transitions, or relationships. Do you want a safe and supportive environment to unpack these issues. I can offer guidance in navigating personal struggles, gaining a deeper self-awareness, and developing coping strategies tailored to your unique experiences. Supporting personal growth, and improving your emotional resilience, and health.
Are you genuinely curious about exploring your inner self and discovering more about your thoughts, emotions, and behaviour's. You may be facing challenges related to mental health, life transitions, or relationships. Do you want a safe and supportive environment to unpack these issues. I can offer guidance in navigating personal struggles, gaining a deeper self-awareness, and developing coping strategies tailored to your unique experiences. Supporting personal growth, and improving your emotional resilience, and health.
01376 319176 View 01376 319176
Photo of Philippe Jacquet - Philippe Jacquet & Associates, Psychotherapist, HCPC-Art Therap.
Philippe Jacquet & Associates
Psychotherapist, HCPC-Art Therap.
My path to psychotherapy began in my own suffering — years confronting addiction and eating disorders before I ever sat in the therapist's chair. That experience, alongside 25 years of clinical practice at Harley Street, shapes how I work. I am a Jungian analyst with over 20 years of EMDR experience, and hold a Doctorate of Professional Practice — the only clinician in Europe with doctoral research on male eating disorders. Hazelden Foundation trained. Former clinical supervisor at Promis Recovery Centre for five years.
My path to psychotherapy began in my own suffering — years confronting addiction and eating disorders before I ever sat in the therapist's chair. That experience, alongside 25 years of clinical practice at Harley Street, shapes how I work. I am a Jungian analyst with over 20 years of EMDR experience, and hold a Doctorate of Professional Practice — the only clinician in Europe with doctoral research on male eating disorders. Hazelden Foundation trained. Former clinical supervisor at Promis Recovery Centre for five years.
020 3962 2191 View 020 3962 2191

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in IP10

< 10

Counsellors in IP10 who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Bereavement
100% Behavioural Issues
100% Self Esteem
100% Stress

Average years in practice

17 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in IP10 see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in IP10?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.