Counselling in Glasgow

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Photo of Conall Donegan, Psychologist in Glasgow, Scotland
Conall Donegan
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G2
Life these days can be difficult. It is only normal to have your bad days, yet, do not allow yourse to defined by these. Perhaps you are searching for more meaning in your life? Perhaps you have developed negative coping strategies from some pain in life or situational stress. Whether you want to build your resilience or begin positive change to excel within your life, I am here to help. I have experience dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship problems, depression, addiction, eating disorders, compulsions to name a few. Perhaps the time is now, to start the change and if so I can help you to create long lasting formative growth.
Life these days can be difficult. It is only normal to have your bad days, yet, do not allow yourse to defined by these. Perhaps you are searching for more meaning in your life? Perhaps you have developed negative coping strategies from some pain in life or situational stress. Whether you want to build your resilience or begin positive change to excel within your life, I am here to help. I have experience dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship problems, depression, addiction, eating disorders, compulsions to name a few. Perhaps the time is now, to start the change and if so I can help you to create long lasting formative growth.
0141 280 7413 View 0141 280 7413
Photo of Healing State Counselling and Psychotherapy, Counsellor in Glasgow, Scotland
Healing State Counselling and Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G62  (Online Only)
You can feel very alone when you are experiencing difficulties and uncertainty in your life, when your thoughts and emotions overwhelm you and a way forward feels hard to see. Counselling can provide a safe, confidential space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions, to help you better understand what you are feeling, allowing you the knowledge to find greater self awareness and safety within yourself. This provides you opportunities to have the space and choice in your life to find your own way forward to facilitate your potential for change, growth and personal fulfilment to create lasting positive changes in your life.
You can feel very alone when you are experiencing difficulties and uncertainty in your life, when your thoughts and emotions overwhelm you and a way forward feels hard to see. Counselling can provide a safe, confidential space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions, to help you better understand what you are feeling, allowing you the knowledge to find greater self awareness and safety within yourself. This provides you opportunities to have the space and choice in your life to find your own way forward to facilitate your potential for change, growth and personal fulfilment to create lasting positive changes in your life.
0141 673 3016 View 0141 673 3016
Photo of Dr Seval Kirlangic, Psychologist in Glasgow, Scotland
Dr Seval Kirlangic
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G20  (Online Only)
Hello and thank you for viewing my profile. Finding the right fit between yourself and your psychotherapist is an important task, so I would encourage you to speak to a few people before you commit to anyone. I offer a safe and welcoming space where you can explore your feelings, and thoughts free from fear of judgment. My main goal is always to collaborate with you to find the best way to help you reach your goals, whether that be of changing a behavioural pattern that no longer serves you or accepting what is not changeable.
Hello and thank you for viewing my profile. Finding the right fit between yourself and your psychotherapist is an important task, so I would encourage you to speak to a few people before you commit to anyone. I offer a safe and welcoming space where you can explore your feelings, and thoughts free from fear of judgment. My main goal is always to collaborate with you to find the best way to help you reach your goals, whether that be of changing a behavioural pattern that no longer serves you or accepting what is not changeable.
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Photo of Dr Anne Augustine, Psychotherapist in Glasgow, Scotland
Dr Anne Augustine
Psychotherapist, PhD, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G41
Not accepting new clients
You may be stuck in patterns that are holding you back, unable to connect with yourself and others, or carrying a great burden and with no-one to open up to. Or maybe you just don't know what's going on for you. I am experienced in working with developmental and relational trauma, feeling like an outsider, life transitions (including menopause), and nurturing self understanding and compassion.
You may be stuck in patterns that are holding you back, unable to connect with yourself and others, or carrying a great burden and with no-one to open up to. Or maybe you just don't know what's going on for you. I am experienced in working with developmental and relational trauma, feeling like an outsider, life transitions (including menopause), and nurturing self understanding and compassion.
0141 673 5262 View 0141 673 5262
Photo of Tracey Wilson, Counsellor in Glasgow, Scotland
Tracey Wilson
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G3
Life can feel meaningless living without a connection with ourselves, our bodies and each other. Traumatic events and stress can lock us in a state of fear or helplessness causing us to behave reactively or to withdraw from life. The prolonged stress / anxiety of continously trying to suppress symptoms or figure everything out alone can feel completely exhausting right? As we continously battle the many 'shoulds' and judgements we ourselves and others place upon us, decision making becomes a terrifying process, preventing us from living - merely existing. I understand how isolating this can feel going through alone. I am here.
Life can feel meaningless living without a connection with ourselves, our bodies and each other. Traumatic events and stress can lock us in a state of fear or helplessness causing us to behave reactively or to withdraw from life. The prolonged stress / anxiety of continously trying to suppress symptoms or figure everything out alone can feel completely exhausting right? As we continously battle the many 'shoulds' and judgements we ourselves and others place upon us, decision making becomes a terrifying process, preventing us from living - merely existing. I understand how isolating this can feel going through alone. I am here.
0141 673 2428 View 0141 673 2428
Photo of Jeremy Sachs, Psychotherapist in Glasgow, Scotland
Jeremy Sachs
Psychotherapist, MA, BACP
Not Verified Not Verified
Glasgow G42
Hello, My name is Jeremy Sachs and I am an Integrative Psychotherapist. This means I am trained in multiple models of psychological care so I can respond to your needs in a flexible and friendly way. I work with couples, groups and individuals to help them better understand their experience, be that distressing issues from the past or challenges they are currently facing. Feel free to visit my website for free resources and additional information about my practice. www.jeremysachs.com
Hello, My name is Jeremy Sachs and I am an Integrative Psychotherapist. This means I am trained in multiple models of psychological care so I can respond to your needs in a flexible and friendly way. I work with couples, groups and individuals to help them better understand their experience, be that distressing issues from the past or challenges they are currently facing. Feel free to visit my website for free resources and additional information about my practice. www.jeremysachs.com
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Photo of Leila Frondigoun, Psychotherapist in Glasgow, Scotland
Leila Frondigoun
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G43
You may be looking to understand a relationship pattern or explore something that has happened in your life. Perhaps you feel stuck and need to make a change, large or small, but don't know where to start. You may need a space in your life that is just for you. Whatever brings you to therapy, I offer my clients an experience of co-creative therapy in that I will work alongside you to identify your needs and facilitate what needs to happen. We can bring out your internal world and experience it from a different perspective to facilitate catharsis, self expression, self understanding and insight.
You may be looking to understand a relationship pattern or explore something that has happened in your life. Perhaps you feel stuck and need to make a change, large or small, but don't know where to start. You may need a space in your life that is just for you. Whatever brings you to therapy, I offer my clients an experience of co-creative therapy in that I will work alongside you to identify your needs and facilitate what needs to happen. We can bring out your internal world and experience it from a different perspective to facilitate catharsis, self expression, self understanding and insight.
01355 201190 View 01355 201190
Photo of Jill Ogston, Psychologist in Glasgow, Scotland
Jill Ogston
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G61  (Online Only)
Hi I am Dr Jill Ogston and I am a highly experienced Clinical Psychologist at The Beacon Practice. I offer psychological assessment and therapeutic intervention in West and Central Scotland. I work with children, adults and families to help them understand and manage a wide range of emotional difficulties. In addition, I have particular expertise in working with people with Autism Spectrum Conditions and related conditions; in providing support to live in a neurotypical world, with emotional difficulties and in providing an opinion on whether a full assessment of Autism would be helpful.
Hi I am Dr Jill Ogston and I am a highly experienced Clinical Psychologist at The Beacon Practice. I offer psychological assessment and therapeutic intervention in West and Central Scotland. I work with children, adults and families to help them understand and manage a wide range of emotional difficulties. In addition, I have particular expertise in working with people with Autism Spectrum Conditions and related conditions; in providing support to live in a neurotypical world, with emotional difficulties and in providing an opinion on whether a full assessment of Autism would be helpful.
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Photo of Rachael Cook, Counsellor in Glasgow, Scotland
Rachael Cook
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G41
Hello. I’m Rachael, a qualified psychotherapist and counsellor, and I would love to help you. I specialise in psychodynamic therapy, which looks at how your early life experiences affect your current relationships, feelings and behaviours. The aim is to help you gain a better understanding of your feelings, so you can make the best choices for you, allowing you to live a more contented life.
Hello. I’m Rachael, a qualified psychotherapist and counsellor, and I would love to help you. I specialise in psychodynamic therapy, which looks at how your early life experiences affect your current relationships, feelings and behaviours. The aim is to help you gain a better understanding of your feelings, so you can make the best choices for you, allowing you to live a more contented life.
0141 673 3474 View 0141 673 3474
Photo of Helen Gleeson Counselling, Counsellor in Glasgow, Scotland
Helen Gleeson Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G3
Making the decision to reach out and seek support can be difficult. You may have something in your life, past or present that you want to address or it may be that you are unsure why you are feeling the way you are. I offer a safe, confidential space to explore the issues that have led you to this point in your life, without judgement. Together, we would work towards finding a resolution to the challenges that you are experiencing.
Making the decision to reach out and seek support can be difficult. You may have something in your life, past or present that you want to address or it may be that you are unsure why you are feeling the way you are. I offer a safe, confidential space to explore the issues that have led you to this point in your life, without judgement. Together, we would work towards finding a resolution to the challenges that you are experiencing.
0141 673 8451 View 0141 673 8451
Photo of Val Whiffen, Psychotherapist in Glasgow, Scotland
Val Whiffen
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G2
At times, you may encounter issues that feel too difficult or complex to share with those around you. Sometimes having a safe and confidential space to work through these things can feel incredibly helpful. Whether you're dealing with everyday stressors or facing deeper emotional challenges, I'm here to work through these issues with you and provide support along the way. I have previous experience supporting clients dealing with anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, bereavement, sexuality and identity issues, body image issues, life changes and relationship difficulties.
At times, you may encounter issues that feel too difficult or complex to share with those around you. Sometimes having a safe and confidential space to work through these things can feel incredibly helpful. Whether you're dealing with everyday stressors or facing deeper emotional challenges, I'm here to work through these issues with you and provide support along the way. I have previous experience supporting clients dealing with anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, bereavement, sexuality and identity issues, body image issues, life changes and relationship difficulties.
0141 673 0345 View 0141 673 0345
Photo of Dr Richard Golsworthy, Psychologist in Glasgow, Scotland
Dr Richard Golsworthy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G3  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. If you are reading this, you are likely feeling in a stuck, difficult or distressing place in your life. We all bring a unique history and mind-set to the life difficulties we encounter. These will have given us strengths to help manage problems, but sometimes we need to discover new ways we might feel, think or act. I think of my specialism as 'stuckness' - whether in emotions, relationships or unhelpful behaviours - which is often expressed in terms such as: anxiety, depression, stress, fear, trauma, low self-esteem, sleep problems, bulimia and binge eating, adjustment to loss, illness & major life changes.
Hello and welcome. If you are reading this, you are likely feeling in a stuck, difficult or distressing place in your life. We all bring a unique history and mind-set to the life difficulties we encounter. These will have given us strengths to help manage problems, but sometimes we need to discover new ways we might feel, think or act. I think of my specialism as 'stuckness' - whether in emotions, relationships or unhelpful behaviours - which is often expressed in terms such as: anxiety, depression, stress, fear, trauma, low self-esteem, sleep problems, bulimia and binge eating, adjustment to loss, illness & major life changes.
0141 280 4485 View 0141 280 4485
Photo of Nat Porter, Psychotherapist in Glasgow, Scotland
Nat Porter
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G2
I am a person-centred counsellor, working in Glasgow city centre. I offer my clients a professional and personal understanding of trauma, addiction and health issues. I want to offer my empathic and judgement-free understanding to those who feel they need help during their own tougher times. I am able to provide a safe and confidential space for my clients to explore deeply what is going on for them.
I am a person-centred counsellor, working in Glasgow city centre. I offer my clients a professional and personal understanding of trauma, addiction and health issues. I want to offer my empathic and judgement-free understanding to those who feel they need help during their own tougher times. I am able to provide a safe and confidential space for my clients to explore deeply what is going on for them.
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Photo of Ligia Manastireanu, Counsellor in Glasgow, Scotland
Ligia Manastireanu
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Glasgow G40
I am an experienced Person-centred and Emotion Focused psychotherapist, supervisor and trainer, as well as a co-founding director of the Scottish Institute for Emotion Focused Therapy. I am bringing many years of experience in working with clients from various charity and private sector settings, in a therapist and clinical lead role. I am experienced in working with a wide variety of difficulties: depression, perinatal depression, generalised anxiety, social anxiety, health anxiety, trauma, abuse, bereavement, difficulties around loss/change, identity issues, borderline processes.
I am an experienced Person-centred and Emotion Focused psychotherapist, supervisor and trainer, as well as a co-founding director of the Scottish Institute for Emotion Focused Therapy. I am bringing many years of experience in working with clients from various charity and private sector settings, in a therapist and clinical lead role. I am experienced in working with a wide variety of difficulties: depression, perinatal depression, generalised anxiety, social anxiety, health anxiety, trauma, abuse, bereavement, difficulties around loss/change, identity issues, borderline processes.
0141 673 6384 View 0141 673 6384
Photo of Wendy B Hanson, Psychotherapist in Glasgow, Scotland
Wendy B Hanson
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G41  (Online Only)
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist with experience of working with anxiety, depression, relationships, low self-esteem, stress and work-place issues. I’ll help you discover and learn tools for dealing with these issues and, in a confidential and non-judgemental environment, we can work through what is going on for you now and help you develop a means of moving forward in your life.
I am a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist with experience of working with anxiety, depression, relationships, low self-esteem, stress and work-place issues. I’ll help you discover and learn tools for dealing with these issues and, in a confidential and non-judgemental environment, we can work through what is going on for you now and help you develop a means of moving forward in your life.
0141 483 7504 View 0141 483 7504
Photo of Amy Nelson, Counsellor in Glasgow, Scotland
Amy Nelson
Counsellor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G3
Waitlist for new clients
I am an experienced therapist who works with clients of all ages with variety of issues and goals. Whether something has been troubling you for a long time of you are finding yourself faced with new difficulties, I can offer an approach tailored to your needs. Perhaps you are suffering from anxiety or depression, unable to break unhelpful patterns in thoughts, behaviours and relationships or you are seeking to raise your self-esteem and make positive changes? Working with a therapist in a safe, non-judgmental and confidential environment can empower you to regain control of your life.
I am an experienced therapist who works with clients of all ages with variety of issues and goals. Whether something has been troubling you for a long time of you are finding yourself faced with new difficulties, I can offer an approach tailored to your needs. Perhaps you are suffering from anxiety or depression, unable to break unhelpful patterns in thoughts, behaviours and relationships or you are seeking to raise your self-esteem and make positive changes? Working with a therapist in a safe, non-judgmental and confidential environment can empower you to regain control of your life.
0141 483 7468 View 0141 483 7468
Photo of Paul Mcilvenny, Counsellor in Glasgow, Scotland
Paul Mcilvenny
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G64
My typical clients are those affected with different forms of compulsive / addictive behaviours - these might include Porn, Sex and Love Addictions; Gambling & Narcotics abuse; or those who are Workaholics. Usually clients first see me when they have reached a major crisis point in their lives and are seeking a person who has an understanding of their issues and how to help change their situation by tackling their problems head-on. I also undertake Relational and Pyschosexual therapy for individuals and couples. Further details on my background and approach can be found online at www.trustedtherapeutics.com
My typical clients are those affected with different forms of compulsive / addictive behaviours - these might include Porn, Sex and Love Addictions; Gambling & Narcotics abuse; or those who are Workaholics. Usually clients first see me when they have reached a major crisis point in their lives and are seeking a person who has an understanding of their issues and how to help change their situation by tackling their problems head-on. I also undertake Relational and Pyschosexual therapy for individuals and couples. Further details on my background and approach can be found online at www.trustedtherapeutics.com
0141 280 5966 View 0141 280 5966
Dr Ewan Lundie
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G66
Ideally, you’ll feel open to hearing what psychology can do for you. You’ll feel able to speak about what life’s like for you and where you want to get to. I won’t ask you to disclose all that’s happened to you but I’ll be able to hear what you feel ready to share. As well as trying to fix things, we’ll look to see your positives and build on them. Your instincts will tell you if I’m the right person for you and whether you feel ready to embark upon a change process.
Ideally, you’ll feel open to hearing what psychology can do for you. You’ll feel able to speak about what life’s like for you and where you want to get to. I won’t ask you to disclose all that’s happened to you but I’ll be able to hear what you feel ready to share. As well as trying to fix things, we’ll look to see your positives and build on them. Your instincts will tell you if I’m the right person for you and whether you feel ready to embark upon a change process.
01360 602404 View 01360 602404
Photo of Kathryn Smith, Psychologist in Glasgow, Scotland
Kathryn Smith
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G61
We all experience emotional pain; as an infant, a child, a teenager, a parent and an adult. Whether it’s in response to life events (e.g. loss, trauma, moves), transitions (e.g. to adolescents, as a parent, retirement), adjustment to ill health (e.g. cancer, chronic illness, injury) or life in general (e.g. long term low mood or anxiety). Accepting that we need help and support can be hard and daunting. Getting the right help is important and can teach you how to live a fulfilling life.
We all experience emotional pain; as an infant, a child, a teenager, a parent and an adult. Whether it’s in response to life events (e.g. loss, trauma, moves), transitions (e.g. to adolescents, as a parent, retirement), adjustment to ill health (e.g. cancer, chronic illness, injury) or life in general (e.g. long term low mood or anxiety). Accepting that we need help and support can be hard and daunting. Getting the right help is important and can teach you how to live a fulfilling life.
0141 465 5330 View 0141 465 5330
Photo of SJ Speirits CBT therapist , Psychotherapist in Glasgow, Scotland
SJ Speirits CBT therapist
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G33
Hi, I'm SJ a fully trained and insured Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where clients and therapists work together. My approach is rooted in CBT , a proven method for addressing a wide range of life's struggles. I strive to create a safe, familiar and inspiring space where clients can develop the skills and strategies they need to overcome challenges and live a fulfilling life. I am committed to making you feel at ease and helping you reach your goals. I can help you with -Anxiety - Worry - Fears & Phobias -Addictions -Self Esteem -Loss -Low Mood -Depression -OCD
Hi, I'm SJ a fully trained and insured Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where clients and therapists work together. My approach is rooted in CBT , a proven method for addressing a wide range of life's struggles. I strive to create a safe, familiar and inspiring space where clients can develop the skills and strategies they need to overcome challenges and live a fulfilling life. I am committed to making you feel at ease and helping you reach your goals. I can help you with -Anxiety - Worry - Fears & Phobias -Addictions -Self Esteem -Loss -Low Mood -Depression -OCD
0141 673 0799 View 0141 673 0799

See more therapy options for Glasgow

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Glasgow

400+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Glasgow who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Self Esteem
85% Depression
83% Stress
76% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% Aviva
56% AXA PPP
49% Vitality

How Counsellors in Glasgow see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Glasgow?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.