Counselling in HX1

Annette Quirk
Counsellor, MBACP
Halifax HX1
It could be that you’ve become stuck worrying about the future, or you’ve got some big stuff in your head that’s getting in the way of moving forwards and it’s time to do something with it so that you can move on. Maybe there is fear and anxiety of making change, or you feel stressed and sad? Or maybe there is some unavoidable unhappiness in that is in the background of your life? Hi there…. I am Annette, I offer talking-therapy with adults, couples and young people (18+). I am down to earth, genuine, compassionate and curious person-centred therapist. I have a neuro-affirming informal style of practice.
It could be that you’ve become stuck worrying about the future, or you’ve got some big stuff in your head that’s getting in the way of moving forwards and it’s time to do something with it so that you can move on. Maybe there is fear and anxiety of making change, or you feel stressed and sad? Or maybe there is some unavoidable unhappiness in that is in the background of your life? Hi there…. I am Annette, I offer talking-therapy with adults, couples and young people (18+). I am down to earth, genuine, compassionate and curious person-centred therapist. I have a neuro-affirming informal style of practice.
01422 557859 View 01422 557859
Kate Young
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Halifax HX1
In today’s world a more dynamic and flexible service offering psychotherapy is needed Feedback I have received from clients indicates on line and flexible appointment times plus support telephone service outside of therapy sessions is valuable. This is what I offer to individuals and couples who want to change and explore behaviours/issues that are difficult to manage in day to day situations and relationships. Offering one to one sessions, group therapy ,psychodynamic family interventions and couples therapy can give a greater choice in therapeutic approach which suits the individual/s
In today’s world a more dynamic and flexible service offering psychotherapy is needed Feedback I have received from clients indicates on line and flexible appointment times plus support telephone service outside of therapy sessions is valuable. This is what I offer to individuals and couples who want to change and explore behaviours/issues that are difficult to manage in day to day situations and relationships. Offering one to one sessions, group therapy ,psychodynamic family interventions and couples therapy can give a greater choice in therapeutic approach which suits the individual/s
01422 557825 View 01422 557825
Abigail Maskill
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Halifax HX1
I will work with you as a whole person, whatever issues you choose to bring to therapy. However, my current role counselling patients and families in a palliative care hospice has given me particular experience in supporting clients experiencing bereavement, pre-bereavement, and terminal illness. I am also skilled in working with anxiety and depression, relationship problems, and in working with young people on building self-esteem and gaining the confidence to achieve their goals.
I will work with you as a whole person, whatever issues you choose to bring to therapy. However, my current role counselling patients and families in a palliative care hospice has given me particular experience in supporting clients experiencing bereavement, pre-bereavement, and terminal illness. I am also skilled in working with anxiety and depression, relationship problems, and in working with young people on building self-esteem and gaining the confidence to achieve their goals.
01422 415340 View 01422 415340
Sarah Fordham
Counsellor, MBACP
Halifax HX1
I am a warm, down-to-earth and compassionate therapist. I offer a non-judgemental safe space to talk. I would like to support you in your curiosity about yourself and to explore how experiences in your life have shaped who you are and how they may be having an impact on you today. Perhaps you are feeling stuck and feel there are barriers preventing you from moving forward. Or perhaps you are struggling with low self-esteem, or facing relationship challenges - whether it's family, friendships or dating.
I am a warm, down-to-earth and compassionate therapist. I offer a non-judgemental safe space to talk. I would like to support you in your curiosity about yourself and to explore how experiences in your life have shaped who you are and how they may be having an impact on you today. Perhaps you are feeling stuck and feel there are barriers preventing you from moving forward. Or perhaps you are struggling with low self-esteem, or facing relationship challenges - whether it's family, friendships or dating.
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Nancy Noble-Milner
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Halifax HX1
A warm welcome. It is my hope to be a compassionate companion offering you a safe and confidential space where we can gently explore the issues that have brought you here. Maybe you are coping with a bereavement or are having relationship difficulties. Maybe you are struggling with anxiety or depression. Maybe you would like to try and make some sense of an upsetting or traumatic experience. Maybe you can’t quite put your finger on it, but something just doesn’t feel right; you feel a little lost or stuck. Whatever has led you here, therapy can help you make more sense of things and help you achieve positive changes in your life.
A warm welcome. It is my hope to be a compassionate companion offering you a safe and confidential space where we can gently explore the issues that have brought you here. Maybe you are coping with a bereavement or are having relationship difficulties. Maybe you are struggling with anxiety or depression. Maybe you would like to try and make some sense of an upsetting or traumatic experience. Maybe you can’t quite put your finger on it, but something just doesn’t feel right; you feel a little lost or stuck. Whatever has led you here, therapy can help you make more sense of things and help you achieve positive changes in your life.
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Jo Keenan
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Sometimes it's really hard to work out why we feel the way we do. Sometimes we just don't understand how things are for us and the reasons we have got to the place we are at. It can be helpful to have someone to speak to and allow us time and honesty to work out what is happening. If you are looking for a genuine counsellor also with a sense of humour - this is allowed by the way - then please get in touch today and let's start working together.
Sometimes it's really hard to work out why we feel the way we do. Sometimes we just don't understand how things are for us and the reasons we have got to the place we are at. It can be helpful to have someone to speak to and allow us time and honesty to work out what is happening. If you are looking for a genuine counsellor also with a sense of humour - this is allowed by the way - then please get in touch today and let's start working together.
01422 411547 View 01422 411547
Jo Rutter Counselling Services
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Empowering adults & young people to recover from trauma & move on to lead emotionally fulfilled & rewarding lives! I work with most presenting issues, but specialise in supporting women feeling stuck in unhealthy relationships or empowering them to move on after divorce or separation. Including recovery from trauma, coercive control or abuse of any kind. I can help you to rebuild your confidence, overcome anxiety/panic attacks, or depression. I can also help with work related stress or bullying. Personal experience of bereavement gives me true insight & empathy which enhances my academic knowledge of grief & loss theory .
Empowering adults & young people to recover from trauma & move on to lead emotionally fulfilled & rewarding lives! I work with most presenting issues, but specialise in supporting women feeling stuck in unhealthy relationships or empowering them to move on after divorce or separation. Including recovery from trauma, coercive control or abuse of any kind. I can help you to rebuild your confidence, overcome anxiety/panic attacks, or depression. I can also help with work related stress or bullying. Personal experience of bereavement gives me true insight & empathy which enhances my academic knowledge of grief & loss theory .
01422 412618 View 01422 412618
Victoria Northern
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with adults and young people with various presenting difficulties such as anxiety, OCD, phobias, stress, trauma, depression, anger, loss, low self esteem, self harm, relationship problems and abuse. Counselling is a process people seek when they want changes in their life. It can help us to understand and have better clarity of our thoughts, emotions and behaviours. Let me ask you…Are you feeling stuck? Do you want to feel happier? Are you feeling overwhelmed? Are you feeling lost or hopeless? Are you battling with your inner critic? Do you want to heal from your past? If so let’s start your journey to discovering a new you.
I work with adults and young people with various presenting difficulties such as anxiety, OCD, phobias, stress, trauma, depression, anger, loss, low self esteem, self harm, relationship problems and abuse. Counselling is a process people seek when they want changes in their life. It can help us to understand and have better clarity of our thoughts, emotions and behaviours. Let me ask you…Are you feeling stuck? Do you want to feel happier? Are you feeling overwhelmed? Are you feeling lost or hopeless? Are you battling with your inner critic? Do you want to heal from your past? If so let’s start your journey to discovering a new you.
01484 627413 View 01484 627413
Selah Counselling Services
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
01473 943364 View 01473 943364
Adeola Iluyomade
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Serves Area
I offer a space to talk, giving you time out to reflect and to explore self-development. As an Integrative Relational Therapeutic Counsellor, I draw on different models of therapy including Psychodynamic, Systemic, Interpersonal Process, CBT, Transactional Analysis amongst others in supporting you to reach your desired goals to maximise your full potentials. Meaning, you will find my approach friendly, empowering and conversational in style. I take great care in ensuring that you feel safe, respected and valued. I offer flexibility of short or long term therapy as tailored round your needs. I adhere to the ethics & codes of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy.
I offer a space to talk, giving you time out to reflect and to explore self-development. As an Integrative Relational Therapeutic Counsellor, I draw on different models of therapy including Psychodynamic, Systemic, Interpersonal Process, CBT, Transactional Analysis amongst others in supporting you to reach your desired goals to maximise your full potentials. Meaning, you will find my approach friendly, empowering and conversational in style. I take great care in ensuring that you feel safe, respected and valued. I offer flexibility of short or long term therapy as tailored round your needs. I adhere to the ethics & codes of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy.
0113 467 9309 View 0113 467 9309
Dr Samara Ali
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
ADHD/Autism Specialist - Are you a high achieving individual feeling stuck, overwhelmed or unsure of yourself? Perhaps you’re carrying the weight of past experiences, struggling with low confidence, or finding it hard to navigate relationships and daily life. You may be questioning whether difficulties with attention memory are part of what’s holding you back, or wondering if a diagnosis like ADHD or autism could explain your challenges. Deep down, you want answers, relief, and a way forward. More than anything, you want to feel understood, rebuild your confidence, and reconnect with the person you know you truly are inside.
ADHD/Autism Specialist - Are you a high achieving individual feeling stuck, overwhelmed or unsure of yourself? Perhaps you’re carrying the weight of past experiences, struggling with low confidence, or finding it hard to navigate relationships and daily life. You may be questioning whether difficulties with attention memory are part of what’s holding you back, or wondering if a diagnosis like ADHD or autism could explain your challenges. Deep down, you want answers, relief, and a way forward. More than anything, you want to feel understood, rebuild your confidence, and reconnect with the person you know you truly are inside.
01274 015761 View 01274 015761
Dr Rachel Lee, Consultant Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, CPsychol
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I offer specialist therapy (including EMDR) for anxiety & trauma symptoms such as low self-esteem, intrusive memories, nightmares, avoidance and overwhelming emotions. I'm a friendly, experienced Clinical Psychologist & accredited EMDR Consultant. I worked in the NHS for 20 years, including as a Consultant Clinical Psychologist. I now run my own psychology practice, North Star Psychology Ltd. I help people heal from trauma & change unhelpful patterns so that they can feel calmer and more confident, reach their goals, improve their relationships and live a more fulfilling life. Please contact me to arrange a free consultation.
I offer specialist therapy (including EMDR) for anxiety & trauma symptoms such as low self-esteem, intrusive memories, nightmares, avoidance and overwhelming emotions. I'm a friendly, experienced Clinical Psychologist & accredited EMDR Consultant. I worked in the NHS for 20 years, including as a Consultant Clinical Psychologist. I now run my own psychology practice, North Star Psychology Ltd. I help people heal from trauma & change unhelpful patterns so that they can feel calmer and more confident, reach their goals, improve their relationships and live a more fulfilling life. Please contact me to arrange a free consultation.
01484 627167 View 01484 627167
Dr Rebecca Szlachcic
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am an experienced HCPC Registered Clinical Psychologist working in the NHS and in the private sector. I am a trauma informed therapist, recognising that many people are trying their best to cope and live with the difficult life experiences they have been through. I understand the importance of the therapeutic relationship in finding a ‘good fit’ with a therapist. I enjoy working collaboratively and creatively with individuals and have experience in working with people with mild to severe mental health difficulties including anxiety, depression, PTSD, psychosis and personality difficulties.
I am an experienced HCPC Registered Clinical Psychologist working in the NHS and in the private sector. I am a trauma informed therapist, recognising that many people are trying their best to cope and live with the difficult life experiences they have been through. I understand the importance of the therapeutic relationship in finding a ‘good fit’ with a therapist. I enjoy working collaboratively and creatively with individuals and have experience in working with people with mild to severe mental health difficulties including anxiety, depression, PTSD, psychosis and personality difficulties.
0113 467 9507 View 0113 467 9507
Charlotte Wisely
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Offering Counselling and Psychotherapy to Individuals and Couples in Huddersfield and online. Professional experience in both charity sector and NHS with specialist trauma training and Play Therapy for younger clients. Working with Couples to develop healthy communication and heal relationship wounds and using Psychosexual insight to helping couples work through intimacy in their relationships. Support with women's issues such as sexual trauma, peri and postnatal anxiety, depression, OCD and fertility issues. Affordable rates for Couples and 1 to 1 and low cost options available for accessible high quality mental health support.
Offering Counselling and Psychotherapy to Individuals and Couples in Huddersfield and online. Professional experience in both charity sector and NHS with specialist trauma training and Play Therapy for younger clients. Working with Couples to develop healthy communication and heal relationship wounds and using Psychosexual insight to helping couples work through intimacy in their relationships. Support with women's issues such as sexual trauma, peri and postnatal anxiety, depression, OCD and fertility issues. Affordable rates for Couples and 1 to 1 and low cost options available for accessible high quality mental health support.
01484 627410 View 01484 627410
Paul Moulding
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
So you want to move on from the past and let go, gain some mental clarity, independence and freedom, find contentment and meaning. You’re struggling with questions like; Who am I? What’s the point? Why am I so unhappy? How do I change? I can help you find out who you are, where you’re going, find purpose, learn to live again, assert yourself in difficult relationships. Face and deal with that difficult stuff you’ve been avoiding that won’t let go of you. I've helped many people get over depression and anxiety, bereavement and problems at work.
So you want to move on from the past and let go, gain some mental clarity, independence and freedom, find contentment and meaning. You’re struggling with questions like; Who am I? What’s the point? Why am I so unhappy? How do I change? I can help you find out who you are, where you’re going, find purpose, learn to live again, assert yourself in difficult relationships. Face and deal with that difficult stuff you’ve been avoiding that won’t let go of you. I've helped many people get over depression and anxiety, bereavement and problems at work.
01484 509688 View 01484 509688
CMcTherapies
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Serves Area
Age - 16+: Neurodiversity, Autism; ADHD; Processing/Sensory Issues; Learning Disability; Dyslexia. Mental Health including - Depression, Anxiety, Trauma; PTSD; C-PTSD, Anger, Stress & Addiction. My key focus is promoting knowledge, understanding of conditions and how they apply/impact on life, whilst finding meaningful strategies and techniques for navigating situations, difficult emotions, feelings, behaviours and your responses to maximise coping and potential for progression. I take a 'whole system' approach, incorporating the physiological and cognitive aspects of lived experience.
Age - 16+: Neurodiversity, Autism; ADHD; Processing/Sensory Issues; Learning Disability; Dyslexia. Mental Health including - Depression, Anxiety, Trauma; PTSD; C-PTSD, Anger, Stress & Addiction. My key focus is promoting knowledge, understanding of conditions and how they apply/impact on life, whilst finding meaningful strategies and techniques for navigating situations, difficult emotions, feelings, behaviours and your responses to maximise coping and potential for progression. I take a 'whole system' approach, incorporating the physiological and cognitive aspects of lived experience.
01422 761881 View 01422 761881
Emma Robson
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
If you are looking for a safe, non-judgemental, welcoming space to explore what life has thrown at you then you have come to the right place. We all need time and a listening ear to help us deal with 'life' at some point. If you want to discover your true self then you have come to the right place. I came to private practice after many years working in post-16 education. In both careers I am privileged to help and be alongside people who are negotiating their next steps.
If you are looking for a safe, non-judgemental, welcoming space to explore what life has thrown at you then you have come to the right place. We all need time and a listening ear to help us deal with 'life' at some point. If you want to discover your true self then you have come to the right place. I came to private practice after many years working in post-16 education. In both careers I am privileged to help and be alongside people who are negotiating their next steps.
01422 761839 View 01422 761839
Jo Ryan
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can bring whatever is on your mind & feel heard, understood & valued. I believe that when we feel safe enough to explore our thoughts & feelings openly, new understanding, growth and change can become possible. Whether we work online or face-to-face, my aim is to provide a safe, respectful and genuine therapeutic relationship where you feel accepted and supported. A space where you have the time to explore, reflect on and make sense of your experiences and any challenges you may be facing, at a pace that feels right for you. This will be guided by your needs & what matters most to you
I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can bring whatever is on your mind & feel heard, understood & valued. I believe that when we feel safe enough to explore our thoughts & feelings openly, new understanding, growth and change can become possible. Whether we work online or face-to-face, my aim is to provide a safe, respectful and genuine therapeutic relationship where you feel accepted and supported. A space where you have the time to explore, reflect on and make sense of your experiences and any challenges you may be facing, at a pace that feels right for you. This will be guided by your needs & what matters most to you
01282 967133 View 01282 967133
Diane DuQueno
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Serves Area
Are you experiencing relationship problems, inner conflicts or life stresses? It can help to find someone who is empathic and skilled who offers a safe space in which to share these feelings and dilemmas. Sometimes the issues may have been a pressure in life for months or years, and become part of your personality. It is a relief to discover that there is a solution to be found in therapy. I am especially interested in helping clients who have experienced troubled, sometimes abusive, childhoods and early loss of significant attachment figures. Often later life experience brings back earlier trauma and distress.
Are you experiencing relationship problems, inner conflicts or life stresses? It can help to find someone who is empathic and skilled who offers a safe space in which to share these feelings and dilemmas. Sometimes the issues may have been a pressure in life for months or years, and become part of your personality. It is a relief to discover that there is a solution to be found in therapy. I am especially interested in helping clients who have experienced troubled, sometimes abusive, childhoods and early loss of significant attachment figures. Often later life experience brings back earlier trauma and distress.
01484 240049 View 01484 240049
Sandra Winterbottom
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Serves Area
I am an experienced, BACP-registered Psychotherapist and former well-being advisor, offering a warm, supportive space for adults who may be struggling with anxiety, emotional overwhelm, trauma, difficult relationships, grief, self-harm, or the impact of serious illness such as cancer. I have 16 years of experience supporting people through complex life experiences, including anxiety, loss, and the impact of past relationships. My approach is person-centred, meaning I work alongside you at your pace, helping you make sense of your feelings and move towards greater stability and self-understanding, I also offer practical techniques.
I am an experienced, BACP-registered Psychotherapist and former well-being advisor, offering a warm, supportive space for adults who may be struggling with anxiety, emotional overwhelm, trauma, difficult relationships, grief, self-harm, or the impact of serious illness such as cancer. I have 16 years of experience supporting people through complex life experiences, including anxiety, loss, and the impact of past relationships. My approach is person-centred, meaning I work alongside you at your pace, helping you make sense of your feelings and move towards greater stability and self-understanding, I also offer practical techniques.
01274 003823 View 01274 003823

See more therapy options for HX1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in HX1

30+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in HX1 who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
89% Self Esteem
86% Relationship Issues
83% Depression
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Complex PTSD
74% Bereavement

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aviva
50% Cigna and Evernorth
50% National Assurance

How Counsellors in HX1 see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in HX1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.