Counselling in GU21

Photo of Alison Clare Brooks, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Alison Clare Brooks
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Woking GU21
I have a particular interest in helping clients who have a history of historical childhood sexual abuse. I help clients overcome C-PTSD and shame disorders. I have an interest in working with attachment disorders.
I have a particular interest in helping clients who have a history of historical childhood sexual abuse. I help clients overcome C-PTSD and shame disorders. I have an interest in working with attachment disorders.
01276 748109 View 01276 748109
Photo of Oliver Baum, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Oliver Baum
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Woking GU21
I provide Psychotherapy, Spiritual Mentorship and Systemic Facilitation for individuals, couples and organisations. In addition to a BA (Hons) in Integrative Psychotherapy I hold a Masters in Theology and have studied Systemic and Family Constellations and various Psycho-Spiritual modalities in depth over many years.
I provide Psychotherapy, Spiritual Mentorship and Systemic Facilitation for individuals, couples and organisations. In addition to a BA (Hons) in Integrative Psychotherapy I hold a Masters in Theology and have studied Systemic and Family Constellations and various Psycho-Spiritual modalities in depth over many years.
01483 608675 View 01483 608675
Photo of Donna Arnold-Jones - Donna Arnold-Jones Counselling & Supervision, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
A cuppa and chat with friends can often provide exactly what we need when facing difficulties in life… But what if friends’ well-intended advice just isn’t working this time? Maybe it's time for you to see if counselling can help. Hello, my name is Donna and I’m a qualified, experienced Counsellor; I offer you a compassionate, common-sense and theoretically based approach to help you explore what is troubling you. I provide short and long-term therapy, tailored to your needs. I look forward to working with you.
A cuppa and chat with friends can often provide exactly what we need when facing difficulties in life… But what if friends’ well-intended advice just isn’t working this time? Maybe it's time for you to see if counselling can help. Hello, my name is Donna and I’m a qualified, experienced Counsellor; I offer you a compassionate, common-sense and theoretically based approach to help you explore what is troubling you. I provide short and long-term therapy, tailored to your needs. I look forward to working with you.
01483 937772 View 01483 937772
Photo of Leanne Michelle Alanson - Leanne Alanson Counselling Services, Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Leanne Alanson Counselling Services
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Woking GU21
I am a qualified counsellor and an accredited registrant member of the National Counselling and Psychotherapy Society (NCPS). I am also a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). If you're facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, low confidence, grief, relationship difficulties, or other personal struggles, I offer a confidential and compassionate space where you can speak openly and be truly heard—without judgement. Life doesn’t always run smoothly, and there are times when it can feel overwhelming.
I am a qualified counsellor and an accredited registrant member of the National Counselling and Psychotherapy Society (NCPS). I am also a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). If you're facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, low confidence, grief, relationship difficulties, or other personal struggles, I offer a confidential and compassionate space where you can speak openly and be truly heard—without judgement. Life doesn’t always run smoothly, and there are times when it can feel overwhelming.
01483 967240 View 01483 967240
Photo of Colleen Shelswell, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Colleen Shelswell
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Woking GU21
Hello, my name is Colleen. I am an EMDR Trauma therapist. Are you experiencing Trauma? Anxiety or self-esteem, work & life stresses or attachment issues? Trauma from, sexual abuse, or childhood. Irrespective or age, diversity or differing cultural backgrounds. My calm & professional style of working will help you to discover & understand what unconscious habits need to change & how you can change them. Empowering you to move away from some behaviours, and find a more positive way of making sense of your thoughts & what you may be feeling. Get in touch today and allow me to help you to get back in control of a happier future.
Hello, my name is Colleen. I am an EMDR Trauma therapist. Are you experiencing Trauma? Anxiety or self-esteem, work & life stresses or attachment issues? Trauma from, sexual abuse, or childhood. Irrespective or age, diversity or differing cultural backgrounds. My calm & professional style of working will help you to discover & understand what unconscious habits need to change & how you can change them. Empowering you to move away from some behaviours, and find a more positive way of making sense of your thoughts & what you may be feeling. Get in touch today and allow me to help you to get back in control of a happier future.
01276 740123 View 01276 740123
Photo of Susan Webb, Psychologist, PsychD, AFBPSsS
Susan Webb
Psychologist, PsychD, AFBPSsS
Woking GU21
Have you been struggling with something which is interfering with you being able to get on with your usual things? Maybe you have been feeling down more than usual, or feeling very anxious and tired for a long time. Changes in your ability to sleep, eat or concentrate for a while could mean that you are depressed, or that anxiety is overwhelming you and stopping you from functioning properly. Life events such as illness, bereavement, divorce, trauma or even great events like becoming a parent or grandparent can create changes that are hard to cope with. If so, a therapist can help you to get back on your feet again.
Have you been struggling with something which is interfering with you being able to get on with your usual things? Maybe you have been feeling down more than usual, or feeling very anxious and tired for a long time. Changes in your ability to sleep, eat or concentrate for a while could mean that you are depressed, or that anxiety is overwhelming you and stopping you from functioning properly. Life events such as illness, bereavement, divorce, trauma or even great events like becoming a parent or grandparent can create changes that are hard to cope with. If so, a therapist can help you to get back on your feet again.
01483 694445 View 01483 694445
Photo of Alina Maria Korczyk - Crisis Plus - Counselling & Psychotherapy, Counsellor, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Crisis Plus - Counselling & Psychotherapy
Counsellor, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Woking GU21
Warm welcome. Are you going through an emotionally tough patch at the moment? A relationship crisis, divorce or infidelity. Struggling in your personal life, in your relationship or at work? Struggling to cope with pressure but unsure how to change it? Maybe everything feels too much and things are adding up quicker than you'd wish. Perhaps the lid is about to come off and you can see it coming. In your mid 40s and facing relationships crisis? Most of us experience difficulties at some point in our lives. Seeking support can prove to be the best thing you can do for yourself or for your relationship.
Warm welcome. Are you going through an emotionally tough patch at the moment? A relationship crisis, divorce or infidelity. Struggling in your personal life, in your relationship or at work? Struggling to cope with pressure but unsure how to change it? Maybe everything feels too much and things are adding up quicker than you'd wish. Perhaps the lid is about to come off and you can see it coming. In your mid 40s and facing relationships crisis? Most of us experience difficulties at some point in our lives. Seeking support can prove to be the best thing you can do for yourself or for your relationship.
01276 748023 View 01276 748023
Photo of Nicola Ferreira, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Nicola Ferreira
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Woking GU21
I help ADHD adults, teens, and children (11+) to discover relief from overwhelm, ease from anxiety, and courage to be true to themselves, for greater fulfilment in life and relationships. Perhaps you have a sense you struggle more than others, which can leave you feeling ashamed and unsure of yourself. With an unruly mind and relentless anxiety, you can feel held back from what’s important to you in life and relationships. Some part of you knows there's a happier more fulfilled 'you' desperate to get out. I offer a nurturing and empowering space, where we'll discover who you are with more clarity, ease, and trust in yourself.
I help ADHD adults, teens, and children (11+) to discover relief from overwhelm, ease from anxiety, and courage to be true to themselves, for greater fulfilment in life and relationships. Perhaps you have a sense you struggle more than others, which can leave you feeling ashamed and unsure of yourself. With an unruly mind and relentless anxiety, you can feel held back from what’s important to you in life and relationships. Some part of you knows there's a happier more fulfilled 'you' desperate to get out. I offer a nurturing and empowering space, where we'll discover who you are with more clarity, ease, and trust in yourself.
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Photo of Samantha D Locke, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Samantha D Locke
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Woking GU21
Samantha, Founder and Clinical Director of YoungMinded Clinical Solutions is here to support those navigating the intricate transitions that define adolescence and adulthood—a teen confronting academic pressures, a young adult wrestling with independent identity or the uncertainty of life changes, or a family/couple seeking to rebuild trust and communication. Someone may be facing hurdles such as anxiety, depression, or self-doubt, or confront behavioural issues and patterns tied to relationships or addiction. She as well as her team help clients that seeking stability, resilience, better relationships, and renewed self-worth.
Samantha, Founder and Clinical Director of YoungMinded Clinical Solutions is here to support those navigating the intricate transitions that define adolescence and adulthood—a teen confronting academic pressures, a young adult wrestling with independent identity or the uncertainty of life changes, or a family/couple seeking to rebuild trust and communication. Someone may be facing hurdles such as anxiety, depression, or self-doubt, or confront behavioural issues and patterns tied to relationships or addiction. She as well as her team help clients that seeking stability, resilience, better relationships, and renewed self-worth.
01276 740157 View 01276 740157
Photo of Priscilla Tse, Counsellor, MBACP
Priscilla Tse
Counsellor, MBACP
Woking GU21
Hello, I am Priscilla, a BACP qualified integrative counsellor. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental space for you to bring in your experience at your own pace. In each session, I will be there to listen and understand your experience. I will give you space to explore your own feelings and concerns. We might talk about your past relationships and how they shape you as a person, your current experience and struggles and your hope. Through our explorations together, revelations and newfound clarity may emerge, which may empower you live more freer and more fulfilling life.
Hello, I am Priscilla, a BACP qualified integrative counsellor. I offer a confidential and non-judgemental space for you to bring in your experience at your own pace. In each session, I will be there to listen and understand your experience. I will give you space to explore your own feelings and concerns. We might talk about your past relationships and how they shape you as a person, your current experience and struggles and your hope. Through our explorations together, revelations and newfound clarity may emerge, which may empower you live more freer and more fulfilling life.
020 3818 1074 View 020 3818 1074
Photo of Craig Coventry - Craig Coventry Counselling and Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Craig Coventry Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Woking GU21
I am a Counsellor, Psychotherapist, trauma therapist and EMDR practitioner. I am registered & accredited member of the BACP. My primary way of working aims to work with the individual as a whole, through helping the client understand their thought and emotional processes and reprocesses stuck traumas whilst working on creative better relationships with the parts of themselves. I work with several difficulties, however, I do specialise in trauma work. Being a trauma therapist, I do specialise in PTSD, CPTSD, BPD/EUPD and dissociative responses including DID.
I am a Counsellor, Psychotherapist, trauma therapist and EMDR practitioner. I am registered & accredited member of the BACP. My primary way of working aims to work with the individual as a whole, through helping the client understand their thought and emotional processes and reprocesses stuck traumas whilst working on creative better relationships with the parts of themselves. I work with several difficulties, however, I do specialise in trauma work. Being a trauma therapist, I do specialise in PTSD, CPTSD, BPD/EUPD and dissociative responses including DID.
07480 488503 View 07480 488503
Photo of Nikki Della-Rocca, Counsellor, MBACP
Nikki Della-Rocca
Counsellor, MBACP
Woking GU21
Nikki Della-Rocca, an experienced and qualified therapist providing compassionate and effective counselling services in Surrey. Contact me for a consultation. My services include individual counselling, both face to face and remotely. I also offer 'walk and talk' by special arrangement. Get the support you need today. I offer a safe and confidential space to explore your emotions and develop coping strategies. I currently work from two offices in Surrey so I can offer flexibility. Working integratively I will adapt our sessions to suit you, encouraging you to explore your emotions and feelings.
Nikki Della-Rocca, an experienced and qualified therapist providing compassionate and effective counselling services in Surrey. Contact me for a consultation. My services include individual counselling, both face to face and remotely. I also offer 'walk and talk' by special arrangement. Get the support you need today. I offer a safe and confidential space to explore your emotions and develop coping strategies. I currently work from two offices in Surrey so I can offer flexibility. Working integratively I will adapt our sessions to suit you, encouraging you to explore your emotions and feelings.
01276 983474 View 01276 983474
Photo of Nic Perrins, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Nic Perrins
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Woking GU21
People often come to therapy when something in their emotional life or relationships feels hard to manage. You might feel overwhelmed or reactive, stuck in patterns that don’t shift, struggling with self-criticism, or finding that anxiety, low mood, or relationship difficulties keep returning despite effort or insight. Many people I work with are functioning well on the outside but struggling internally, or unsure where to begin.
People often come to therapy when something in their emotional life or relationships feels hard to manage. You might feel overwhelmed or reactive, stuck in patterns that don’t shift, struggling with self-criticism, or finding that anxiety, low mood, or relationship difficulties keep returning despite effort or insight. Many people I work with are functioning well on the outside but struggling internally, or unsure where to begin.
07434 647184 View 07434 647184
Photo of Dr Anowra Zahid Hussain Hcpc Registered, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Anowra Zahid Hussain Hcpc Registered
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
5 Endorsed
Woking GU21
I am a Psychologist trained in CBT, EMDR, CPT, DBT, working with children, youth, and women. As a Muslim woman, I believe an empathetic and non-judgemental attitude is the key where a client exploring his/her inner world to make a positive change. I am flexible in my approach working with my clients with a positive attitude. Small goals can lead to bigger goals. I help my clients set up the right goals for themselves. change can begin from inside as well as outside. I work with my clients to make them aware of their potential and strengths
I am a Psychologist trained in CBT, EMDR, CPT, DBT, working with children, youth, and women. As a Muslim woman, I believe an empathetic and non-judgemental attitude is the key where a client exploring his/her inner world to make a positive change. I am flexible in my approach working with my clients with a positive attitude. Small goals can lead to bigger goals. I help my clients set up the right goals for themselves. change can begin from inside as well as outside. I work with my clients to make them aware of their potential and strengths
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Photo of Susi Felton, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Susi Felton
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Clients come to me because they feel something is not quite right in their lives. They may be anxious about relationships, work, college or simply feel that they cannot cope with life. They want someone to listen to them in a non judgemental way. Many are stuck with past patterns of behaviours or negative thought patterns which no longer work for them. They may be wondering what therapy entails so I aim to put them at their ease when they first contact me. Clients tell me our sessions are relaxing, practical, sometimes even fun as we work together to make positive changes to their lives.
Clients come to me because they feel something is not quite right in their lives. They may be anxious about relationships, work, college or simply feel that they cannot cope with life. They want someone to listen to them in a non judgemental way. Many are stuck with past patterns of behaviours or negative thought patterns which no longer work for them. They may be wondering what therapy entails so I aim to put them at their ease when they first contact me. Clients tell me our sessions are relaxing, practical, sometimes even fun as we work together to make positive changes to their lives.
01483 930184 View 01483 930184
Photo of Emma Pott, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Emma Pott
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
I see that all behaviours such as self-harm, suicide attempts, drinking, drug abuse and other impulsive behaviours have developed as coping strategies to cope with and numb difficult emotions and experiences. These behaviours often act as a plaster to a deeper wound, but just like a plaster they don’t really ever fully heal unless they have time to heal properly. This is the work of therapy to take off the plaster and look more towards the root causes of the behaviour to work out what is going on for you. My instagram page offers an insight to how I work and might be helpful to get a further sense of how I work psychwithemma
I see that all behaviours such as self-harm, suicide attempts, drinking, drug abuse and other impulsive behaviours have developed as coping strategies to cope with and numb difficult emotions and experiences. These behaviours often act as a plaster to a deeper wound, but just like a plaster they don’t really ever fully heal unless they have time to heal properly. This is the work of therapy to take off the plaster and look more towards the root causes of the behaviour to work out what is going on for you. My instagram page offers an insight to how I work and might be helpful to get a further sense of how I work psychwithemma
01793 540095 View 01793 540095
Photo of Rebecca Flintham, Counsellor, BACP
Rebecca Flintham
Counsellor, BACP
Serves Area
Does it feels like you have to please everyone else but often feel selfish or guilty asking for the things you want or need? If you have reached a point where you know that something has to change but are struggling to work out how, I can help you make sense of what’s going on and create the changes you need to start feeling better. When we are weighed down by relationships, constantly overthinking and feeling anxious, it can be exhausting and overwhelming.
Does it feels like you have to please everyone else but often feel selfish or guilty asking for the things you want or need? If you have reached a point where you know that something has to change but are struggling to work out how, I can help you make sense of what’s going on and create the changes you need to start feeling better. When we are weighed down by relationships, constantly overthinking and feeling anxious, it can be exhausting and overwhelming.
01722 444021 View 01722 444021
Photo of Jo Evans, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Jo Evans
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Hello and thank-you for viewing my profile. Are you feeling anxious, sad, depressed or frustrated with life? Are you struggling with marital difficulties, relational conflicts or stresses at work? Are you looking for a trusting person to talk about your troubles? I am here to listen, to journey with you through your difficulties; by offering a safe, trusting and confidential space to share your thoughts and feelings; to help you understand your difficulties, how to cope and manage life better.
Hello and thank-you for viewing my profile. Are you feeling anxious, sad, depressed or frustrated with life? Are you struggling with marital difficulties, relational conflicts or stresses at work? Are you looking for a trusting person to talk about your troubles? I am here to listen, to journey with you through your difficulties; by offering a safe, trusting and confidential space to share your thoughts and feelings; to help you understand your difficulties, how to cope and manage life better.
01256 632498 View 01256 632498
Photo of Martin Bennett, Counsellor, MBACP
Martin Bennett
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I am qualified as an integrative counsellor and my busy private practice reflects a broad range of clients and their issues. I work with people of all ages, from all backgrounds struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction and stress. I also have experience of clients with bereavement, loss, panic attacks, trauma, sex and pornography addiction, anger and eating disorders. I work with individuals and couples and favour a systemic approach looking at context, social environment and behaviour patterns as well as attachments from the past that impact the present.
I am qualified as an integrative counsellor and my busy private practice reflects a broad range of clients and their issues. I work with people of all ages, from all backgrounds struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction and stress. I also have experience of clients with bereavement, loss, panic attacks, trauma, sex and pornography addiction, anger and eating disorders. I work with individuals and couples and favour a systemic approach looking at context, social environment and behaviour patterns as well as attachments from the past that impact the present.
07480 779802 View 07480 779802
Photo of Louise Morris, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Louise Morris
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
We all experience difficulties and challenges in our lives. Sometimes, problems can feel overwhelming, even unbearable. At times, we may feel that we ourselves are the problem. I offer a non-judgemental, confidential space where, together, we can explore the challenges you face. Some facts of our lives cannot be changed – having happened already or, for example, illness or impending loss. As your therapist, my aim is to offer you the relationship and support you need to reflect on and be more able to cope with difficult life events.
We all experience difficulties and challenges in our lives. Sometimes, problems can feel overwhelming, even unbearable. At times, we may feel that we ourselves are the problem. I offer a non-judgemental, confidential space where, together, we can explore the challenges you face. Some facts of our lives cannot be changed – having happened already or, for example, illness or impending loss. As your therapist, my aim is to offer you the relationship and support you need to reflect on and be more able to cope with difficult life events.
01252 221954 View 01252 221954

See more therapy options for GU21

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in GU21

70+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in GU21 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
81% Stress
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Bereavement

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aviva
70% AXA PPP
67% WPA

How Counsellors in GU21 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in GU21?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.