Photo of Holly H Kobayashi - Holly Kamala, Psychotherapist, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Holly Kamala
Psychotherapist, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Verified Verified
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Do you want someone to listen compassionately to your life difficulties? Do you want to learn tools that you can use to help yourself? I am experienced in helping people who are struggling with chronic illness, PTSD, depression, low self-esteem, stress or anxiety.
Are you feeling overwhelmed? Do you want someone to listen compassionately to your life difficulties? Do you want to learn tools that you can use to help yourself? I am experienced in helping people who are struggling with chronic illness, PTSD, depression, low self-esteem, stress or anxiety.
01625 926565 View 01625 926565
Photo of Anne Coats, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, PNCPS Acc.
Anne Coats
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
I am a fully qualified and registered psychotherapist and supervisor working with adults, adolescents, relationships and couples. Sometimes life can be challenging, we can feel lost or stuck or that we have no control over what is happening. Counselling can provide vital relief. If you suffer with depression, anxiety,relationship issues, grief, trauma or anger management, I am hear to support you. I offer a warm, reflective, non-judgemental and confidential space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences. I will provide the compassionate support you need to find effective solutions to any issue you may have. ​
I am a fully qualified and registered psychotherapist and supervisor working with adults, adolescents, relationships and couples. Sometimes life can be challenging, we can feel lost or stuck or that we have no control over what is happening. Counselling can provide vital relief. If you suffer with depression, anxiety,relationship issues, grief, trauma or anger management, I am hear to support you. I offer a warm, reflective, non-judgemental and confidential space for you to explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences. I will provide the compassionate support you need to find effective solutions to any issue you may have. ​
01242 903657 View 01242 903657
Photo of Chris Matcham, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Chris Matcham
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Let's work together to figure out the next steps to feeling better: Seeking help, as you are doing by searching this site, is a brave and important step in satisfying your own needs - in doing this, you are already creating some relief and a pathway towards yourself as you wish to be. You may feel lost or confused as to what comes next, but you have already shown that you can think in new ways and adapt in order to change a situation which isn’t working for you. Our task is to get in touch with feelings that can further open up your awareness, to allow change to happen.
Let's work together to figure out the next steps to feeling better: Seeking help, as you are doing by searching this site, is a brave and important step in satisfying your own needs - in doing this, you are already creating some relief and a pathway towards yourself as you wish to be. You may feel lost or confused as to what comes next, but you have already shown that you can think in new ways and adapt in order to change a situation which isn’t working for you. Our task is to get in touch with feelings that can further open up your awareness, to allow change to happen.
07480 538802 View 07480 538802
Photo of Debbie Barron, Counsellor, MBACP
Debbie Barron
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
We all need help as it can be hard when you are struggling with issues in life and with stressful situations. You might be feeling anxious, stuck or even overwhelmed and unable to tackle life's challenges on your own. I'm a qualified, BACP registered and experienced Humanistic counsellor practising in Cheltenham and West London. I offer non-judgemental, supportive and understanding counselling, provided in a safe space, where you can explore and express what is troubling you. I am committed to helping my clients make sense of and work through their difficulties to make changes that are important to them.
We all need help as it can be hard when you are struggling with issues in life and with stressful situations. You might be feeling anxious, stuck or even overwhelmed and unable to tackle life's challenges on your own. I'm a qualified, BACP registered and experienced Humanistic counsellor practising in Cheltenham and West London. I offer non-judgemental, supportive and understanding counselling, provided in a safe space, where you can explore and express what is troubling you. I am committed to helping my clients make sense of and work through their difficulties to make changes that are important to them.
01748 902228 View 01748 902228
Photo of Elizabeth Shaw, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Elizabeth Shaw
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Life is often confusing, painful and overwhelming.  Therapy can provide a safe space to explore these feelings and manage them. Hi I’m Liz. I am a Relational Integrative Psychotherapist.  I can draw on a variety of therapeutic styles to meet your unique needs. I aim to provide a supportive, empathic and non-judgemental relationship, through which you can better understand yourself. I am here to listen. If you choose to call you can expect an initial consultation in which we will establish what you would like to address and whether you would like to work with me.
Life is often confusing, painful and overwhelming.  Therapy can provide a safe space to explore these feelings and manage them. Hi I’m Liz. I am a Relational Integrative Psychotherapist.  I can draw on a variety of therapeutic styles to meet your unique needs. I aim to provide a supportive, empathic and non-judgemental relationship, through which you can better understand yourself. I am here to listen. If you choose to call you can expect an initial consultation in which we will establish what you would like to address and whether you would like to work with me.
01242 503626 View 01242 503626
Photo of Andreas Patikis, Counsellor, MBACP
Andreas Patikis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Do you run a business, an entrepreneur, feeling stuck, have low energy or not reaching full potential, is something holding you back that you haven't explored yet that you may not even be aware of? Or suffer with stress, anxiety or anger? If you want to manage your overwhelm, behaviours or actions, gain self-awareness and discover yourself, re-balance, excel in life, improve your energy and connection in relationships, then I can support you leading to an authentic, peaceful and happier life. Awareness comes through talking but I can involve reflecting on dreams, story cards around past & present. stones and other creative methods.
Do you run a business, an entrepreneur, feeling stuck, have low energy or not reaching full potential, is something holding you back that you haven't explored yet that you may not even be aware of? Or suffer with stress, anxiety or anger? If you want to manage your overwhelm, behaviours or actions, gain self-awareness and discover yourself, re-balance, excel in life, improve your energy and connection in relationships, then I can support you leading to an authentic, peaceful and happier life. Awareness comes through talking but I can involve reflecting on dreams, story cards around past & present. stones and other creative methods.
07973 343166 View 07973 343166
Photo of Jessica Woolley, Counsellor, MBACP
Jessica Woolley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
My name is Jessica Woolley, I am an integrative therapeutic counsellor and a registered member of the BACP (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy). I am passionate and dedicated to helping individuals navigate their unique paths to emotional well-being in a non-judgmental, empathetic, and confidential environment. I understand that life is full of transitions and challenges, my mission is to support you through these times with compassion, empathy and expertise
My name is Jessica Woolley, I am an integrative therapeutic counsellor and a registered member of the BACP (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy). I am passionate and dedicated to helping individuals navigate their unique paths to emotional well-being in a non-judgmental, empathetic, and confidential environment. I understand that life is full of transitions and challenges, my mission is to support you through these times with compassion, empathy and expertise
01625 926626 View 01625 926626
Photo of Jo-Anne Flack - Jo Flack Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Jo Flack Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a psychodynamic counsellor and offer a confidential, safe space for clients to explore and think about challenges or difficulties they may be facing. As a counsellor, my role is to provide time and space so that, together, we can think about some of these issues and open up new opportunities for clients to explore different ways of thinking and being,
I am a psychodynamic counsellor and offer a confidential, safe space for clients to explore and think about challenges or difficulties they may be facing. As a counsellor, my role is to provide time and space so that, together, we can think about some of these issues and open up new opportunities for clients to explore different ways of thinking and being,
01242 903212 View 01242 903212
Photo of Helen Smith, Counsellor, MBACP
Helen Smith
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I work with whoever comes to me but also have special interest in the following groups: Women who may have a nagging feeling that life could be more beautiful. They may feel trapped by past choices or have experienced a wake-up call or final straw such as a bereavement, relationship difficulties, or peri-menopause or menopause difficulties. Teenagers who feel overwhelmed with life. They may find it hard to put their feelings into words or to talk to friends and family. Perhaps they feel tension between what they want and the expectation of others. Trainee counsellors who may be looking forward to therapy, or perhaps the training is
I work with whoever comes to me but also have special interest in the following groups: Women who may have a nagging feeling that life could be more beautiful. They may feel trapped by past choices or have experienced a wake-up call or final straw such as a bereavement, relationship difficulties, or peri-menopause or menopause difficulties. Teenagers who feel overwhelmed with life. They may find it hard to put their feelings into words or to talk to friends and family. Perhaps they feel tension between what they want and the expectation of others. Trainee counsellors who may be looking forward to therapy, or perhaps the training is
01242 903654 View 01242 903654
Photo of Gary Catterall - The Child Psychiatric & Psychological Consultants, Psychotherapist, PsychD, ACP
The Child Psychiatric & Psychological Consultants
Psychotherapist, PsychD, ACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
We provide medical psychiatric & psychological assessment, diagnosis, treatment for Autism, ADHD, anxiety, depression, gender dysmorphia, eating disorders, tic disorders, mood disorders, PTSD, trauma, self-harm, psychotic disorders and emotional dysregulation and more. We have over 20 years’ experience working in various CAMHS mental health settings with extensive experience and knowledge. The service is clinically led by a consultant child psychiatrist and a consultant child & adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapist who both trained in the NHS who have provided clinical leadership for services.
We provide medical psychiatric & psychological assessment, diagnosis, treatment for Autism, ADHD, anxiety, depression, gender dysmorphia, eating disorders, tic disorders, mood disorders, PTSD, trauma, self-harm, psychotic disorders and emotional dysregulation and more. We have over 20 years’ experience working in various CAMHS mental health settings with extensive experience and knowledge. The service is clinically led by a consultant child psychiatrist and a consultant child & adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapist who both trained in the NHS who have provided clinical leadership for services.
01452 687104 View 01452 687104
Photo of William John Petrie - Bill Petrie, MA
Bill Petrie
MA
Verified Verified
Online Only
Many people come to me seeking clarity, direction, or a deeper connection to themselves. Some feel overwhelmed by a life transition, stuck in a cycle of uncertainty, or outwardly successful yet inwardly yearning for something more. Whether you’re navigating change, reigniting your passion, or exploring your spiritual path, I’m here to help and guide you.
Many people come to me seeking clarity, direction, or a deeper connection to themselves. Some feel overwhelmed by a life transition, stuck in a cycle of uncertainty, or outwardly successful yet inwardly yearning for something more. Whether you’re navigating change, reigniting your passion, or exploring your spiritual path, I’m here to help and guide you.
01454 801304 View 01454 801304
Photo of Sally Lawrance, Counsellor, MBACP
Sally Lawrance
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hello, I'm Sally. I am an integrative counsellor, passionate about helping and supporting you on your personal journey. We’ll work together to explore what brings you to counselling - I may encourage you to go more deeply, or I may offer a different perspective, but the focus of our discussions will come from you. I will not judge you, but instead really listen to your worries, anxieties, and concerns so together we create a space where you feel supported to find ways to cope and manage things more effectively.
Hello, I'm Sally. I am an integrative counsellor, passionate about helping and supporting you on your personal journey. We’ll work together to explore what brings you to counselling - I may encourage you to go more deeply, or I may offer a different perspective, but the focus of our discussions will come from you. I will not judge you, but instead really listen to your worries, anxieties, and concerns so together we create a space where you feel supported to find ways to cope and manage things more effectively.
01242 339235 View 01242 339235
Photo of Dr Hannah Barnes, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Hannah Barnes
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
April 14th 2025 - slots available - please get in touch. If you are experiencing self-criticism, low mood, anxiety, or struggling with the impact of trauma, then I can help you. Perhaps you want to feel more confident, have more self-compassion, or want to find a way to better manage anxiety or negative thoughts. Perhaps you never had a chance to talk about or process what has happened to you in your life. You might be doing well in life, successful in your career or with your family, but something is still feeling missing. If any of this sounds like you, then get in touch and we can discuss how I can help you.
April 14th 2025 - slots available - please get in touch. If you are experiencing self-criticism, low mood, anxiety, or struggling with the impact of trauma, then I can help you. Perhaps you want to feel more confident, have more self-compassion, or want to find a way to better manage anxiety or negative thoughts. Perhaps you never had a chance to talk about or process what has happened to you in your life. You might be doing well in life, successful in your career or with your family, but something is still feeling missing. If any of this sounds like you, then get in touch and we can discuss how I can help you.
01242 569951 View 01242 569951
Photo of Les Hannis, Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Les Hannis
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Welcome to my profile. I hope you find the support you need, whether with me or another counsellor. For those who have taken that important step, I enjoy working alongside and celebrating with them when improvements in their mental health begin to show. This can involve getting to the root causes of symptoms, which is typically connected with 'what has happened to you'. We are shaped by our past, which is key to our understanding of 'self'. By giving attention to the feelings that play out in the present we can learn how to take back control of our emotions to live a better life, including in how we relate to self and others.
Welcome to my profile. I hope you find the support you need, whether with me or another counsellor. For those who have taken that important step, I enjoy working alongside and celebrating with them when improvements in their mental health begin to show. This can involve getting to the root causes of symptoms, which is typically connected with 'what has happened to you'. We are shaped by our past, which is key to our understanding of 'self'. By giving attention to the feelings that play out in the present we can learn how to take back control of our emotions to live a better life, including in how we relate to self and others.
01242 501313 View 01242 501313
Photo of Nicola Holmes, Counsellor, MBACP
Nicola Holmes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a Therapeutic Coach offering spiritually integrated, holistic supervision, therapy and coaching with an underlying focus on ADHD. I am passionate about raising awareness of neurodiversity within the workplace and supporting clients; adults & children to let go of the mask/shame and embrace their authenticity to thrive and find their tribe. I also enjoy supporting student counsellors and qualified therapists in their practice who may be neurodivergent or who are supporting neurodivergent clients. I am also a Cruse Bereavement Supervisor.
I am a Therapeutic Coach offering spiritually integrated, holistic supervision, therapy and coaching with an underlying focus on ADHD. I am passionate about raising awareness of neurodiversity within the workplace and supporting clients; adults & children to let go of the mask/shame and embrace their authenticity to thrive and find their tribe. I also enjoy supporting student counsellors and qualified therapists in their practice who may be neurodivergent or who are supporting neurodivergent clients. I am also a Cruse Bereavement Supervisor.
01684 219793 View 01684 219793
Photo of Octavia Green - Octavia Green Counselling , Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Octavia Green Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hello, I am a psychodynamic counsellor (MBACP). My training was accredited by the British Psychoanalytic Council. I work with adults, either long or short term. I have practice rooms in Cheltenham and also work via online or telephone. I aim to help clients work through past traumas and to free individuals from long held anxieties so they can maintain better relationships and live a happier life. My sessions provide a safe, non-judgemental, welcoming space.
Hello, I am a psychodynamic counsellor (MBACP). My training was accredited by the British Psychoanalytic Council. I work with adults, either long or short term. I have practice rooms in Cheltenham and also work via online or telephone. I aim to help clients work through past traumas and to free individuals from long held anxieties so they can maintain better relationships and live a happier life. My sessions provide a safe, non-judgemental, welcoming space.
01242 503602 View 01242 503602
Photo of Donna Salter, Counsellor, MBACP
Donna Salter
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
As a person, and a counsellor with over 10 years' experience, I am aware that finding our way through the challenges of life can sometimes seem like an impossible task. Often, we won't share our experience with others because we don't want to be a burden or, we are fearful of being judged. As your counsellor I will offer you the time and space for you to reflect on your feelings, as you process what is going on for you. Our relationship will be one where you feel heard, valued and supported on your journey of self-discovery.
As a person, and a counsellor with over 10 years' experience, I am aware that finding our way through the challenges of life can sometimes seem like an impossible task. Often, we won't share our experience with others because we don't want to be a burden or, we are fearful of being judged. As your counsellor I will offer you the time and space for you to reflect on your feelings, as you process what is going on for you. Our relationship will be one where you feel heard, valued and supported on your journey of self-discovery.
01242 503628 View 01242 503628
Photo of Carolyn Anne Howchin - Joined Up Counselling , Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Joined Up Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Offering a warm acceptance of all clients, its important in those early sessions that rapport is built and that we work together to understand goals for Counselling. For younger clients this is sometimes hard to communicate and therefore I look to introduce creative ways for them to be able to express themselves. I understand that each client is unique and therefore adapt our sessions to meet the needs of the individual, whether that is creating a safe confidential space just to be heard or supporting with a suite of Cognitive Behavioural Tools to aid negative thinking or behaviour.
Offering a warm acceptance of all clients, its important in those early sessions that rapport is built and that we work together to understand goals for Counselling. For younger clients this is sometimes hard to communicate and therefore I look to introduce creative ways for them to be able to express themselves. I understand that each client is unique and therefore adapt our sessions to meet the needs of the individual, whether that is creating a safe confidential space just to be heard or supporting with a suite of Cognitive Behavioural Tools to aid negative thinking or behaviour.
01242 339922 View 01242 339922
Photo of Hannah Cruttenden, Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Hannah Cruttenden
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Experienced and friendly psychologist and psychotherapist offering relaxed and confidential psychotherapy/counselling to adults. I work with a range of issues, including anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder, depression, bereavement and loss, relationship difficulties (past and present), life transitions, low self-esteem, and trauma. My work incorporates thinking and techniques from psychodynamic theory, Compassion Focussed Therapy (CFT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Densensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Experienced and friendly psychologist and psychotherapist offering relaxed and confidential psychotherapy/counselling to adults. I work with a range of issues, including anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder, depression, bereavement and loss, relationship difficulties (past and present), life transitions, low self-esteem, and trauma. My work incorporates thinking and techniques from psychodynamic theory, Compassion Focussed Therapy (CFT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Densensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
020 4538 6304 View 020 4538 6304
Photo of Kate Gregory, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Kate Gregory
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello, I'm Kate. I offer 1:1 counselling to adults. This can be short or long term depending on your needs. I work face to face in Cheltenham or online via Zoom. I offer a warm, supportive and confidential space to explore your feelings, thoughts and experiences. Counselling can help you to look at a particular issue that is worrying you, to make sense of difficult feelings, to explore deeply rooted issues, or simply to understand yourself better. I work with clients on many issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, low self-esteem, feeling stuck and unmotivated, questions of identity, and adapting to life changes.
Hello, I'm Kate. I offer 1:1 counselling to adults. This can be short or long term depending on your needs. I work face to face in Cheltenham or online via Zoom. I offer a warm, supportive and confidential space to explore your feelings, thoughts and experiences. Counselling can help you to look at a particular issue that is worrying you, to make sense of difficult feelings, to explore deeply rooted issues, or simply to understand yourself better. I work with clients on many issues including anxiety, depression, grief and loss, low self-esteem, feeling stuck and unmotivated, questions of identity, and adapting to life changes.
01242 505859 View 01242 505859
1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in GL52

40+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in GL52 who prioritize treating:

93% Self Esteem
89% Anxiety
85% Depression
85% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
72% Bereavement
72% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% AXA PPP
75% WPA
63% Aviva

How Counsellors in GL52 see their clients

94% In Person and Online
6% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in GL52?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.