Photo of Shaunagh Parkes, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Shaunagh Parkes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Runcorn WA7  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Shaunagh and I am an experienced Integrative Therapist based in Cheshire. I have worked as a counsellor within primary care settings, employment assistance programmes and private practice. I have also spent 2 years as a volunteer counsellor for local charities. As a result I have had the privilege of gaining experience in a variety and severity of mental health complaints. I have the most experience working with anxiety, relationship issues, grief/loss and LGBTQ+ issues. I also have experience working with depression/low mood, trauma, family conflict, life transitions, self-harm, self-esteem and stress.
Welcome! My name is Shaunagh and I am an experienced Integrative Therapist based in Cheshire. I have worked as a counsellor within primary care settings, employment assistance programmes and private practice. I have also spent 2 years as a volunteer counsellor for local charities. As a result I have had the privilege of gaining experience in a variety and severity of mental health complaints. I have the most experience working with anxiety, relationship issues, grief/loss and LGBTQ+ issues. I also have experience working with depression/low mood, trauma, family conflict, life transitions, self-harm, self-esteem and stress.
0151 453 0034 View 0151 453 0034
Photo of Kimberly - TomlinsonTalks, Psychotherapist in Runcorn, England
Kimberly - TomlinsonTalks
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Runcorn WA7
Every therapy session will more than likely be a journey. Emotions run high because feeling and memories emerge that you may have not been prepared for so it's important that you feel comfortable, safe and supported. The therapy session should be a judgement free zone where you are listened to but also challenged while your boundaries are respected. You shouldn't feel the need to filter yourself, let it be your time for expression because that time is solely about you and how you're feeling. Not every session will leave you feeling emotionally raw because therapy is as much about your good days as it is your bad. Enjoy the process.
Every therapy session will more than likely be a journey. Emotions run high because feeling and memories emerge that you may have not been prepared for so it's important that you feel comfortable, safe and supported. The therapy session should be a judgement free zone where you are listened to but also challenged while your boundaries are respected. You shouldn't feel the need to filter yourself, let it be your time for expression because that time is solely about you and how you're feeling. Not every session will leave you feeling emotionally raw because therapy is as much about your good days as it is your bad. Enjoy the process.
0161 519 0736 View 0161 519 0736
Photo of CP Counselling & Wellbeing Therapies- Supervisor , Counsellor in Runcorn, England
CP Counselling & Wellbeing Therapies- Supervisor
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Runcorn WA7
If your searching for a Counsellor then I understand you have reached a point in your life when you are ready to look at issues that are having an impact on you. Maybe causing you day to day difficulties and stopping you being able to live your life the way you want to. It can be a frightening process when you decide to reach out for help to look at issues that are causing emotional distress. Counselling is an approach to help you gain an understanding of the issues affecting you and work towards making positive changes in your life. You have taken the first step in seeking help simply by searching for a counsellor.
If your searching for a Counsellor then I understand you have reached a point in your life when you are ready to look at issues that are having an impact on you. Maybe causing you day to day difficulties and stopping you being able to live your life the way you want to. It can be a frightening process when you decide to reach out for help to look at issues that are causing emotional distress. Counselling is an approach to help you gain an understanding of the issues affecting you and work towards making positive changes in your life. You have taken the first step in seeking help simply by searching for a counsellor.
01928 244556 View 01928 244556
Photo of Jessica Hayes, Psychotherapist in Runcorn, England
Jessica Hayes
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Runcorn WA7
I am here to help you in a way that is collaborative and gives you control. I am a CBT and EMDR Therapist with special interests in OCD and perinatal mental health, helping people all over the country who have had unsuccessful therapy before. I also work with self-esteem and many other difficulties. Think about what you are finding tough right now, because we will make this our priority; we can explore any thoughts and emotions contributing to your difficulties and focus on reaching the goals you have. We will work with openness and honesty, gaining insight and making lasting positive changes to your emotional wellbeing together.
I am here to help you in a way that is collaborative and gives you control. I am a CBT and EMDR Therapist with special interests in OCD and perinatal mental health, helping people all over the country who have had unsuccessful therapy before. I also work with self-esteem and many other difficulties. Think about what you are finding tough right now, because we will make this our priority; we can explore any thoughts and emotions contributing to your difficulties and focus on reaching the goals you have. We will work with openness and honesty, gaining insight and making lasting positive changes to your emotional wellbeing together.
01925 906930 View 01925 906930
Photo of Dr Liddy Carver, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Dr Liddy Carver
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Runcorn WA7
Online Counselling/Psychotherapy available via Zoom or Skype. Based in Warrington,Cheshire, I am a highly qualified therapist with a PhD in Counselling and MSc in Clinical Counselling. As an experienced BACP Registered and Accredited Person-Centred Counsellor and Psychotherapist, I provide a safe, professional and confidential talking therapy service for individuals, couples and families. My work is influenced by the Person-Centred Approach based on acceptance, empathy and genuineness. I am also a qualified practitioner in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Regulation) and a Clinical Supervisor trained at postgraduate level.
Online Counselling/Psychotherapy available via Zoom or Skype. Based in Warrington,Cheshire, I am a highly qualified therapist with a PhD in Counselling and MSc in Clinical Counselling. As an experienced BACP Registered and Accredited Person-Centred Counsellor and Psychotherapist, I provide a safe, professional and confidential talking therapy service for individuals, couples and families. My work is influenced by the Person-Centred Approach based on acceptance, empathy and genuineness. I am also a qualified practitioner in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Regulation) and a Clinical Supervisor trained at postgraduate level.
01925 938935 View 01925 938935

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Olivia Rose Counselling, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Olivia Rose Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Frodsham WA6  (Online Only)
Not being accepted for your full identity, experiencing the turmoil of family conflict or disconnection, or healing from abuse may have lead to you feeling confused, anxious, angry, ashamed or frustrated, or just completely fed up. You might wonder if you're good enough, or "normal". I am particularly passionate about helping people who feel like an 'other', with a profound sense of difference from family, friends or community. I have professional and lived experience and understanding of the LGBT+ community, neurodiverse individuals and survivors of parental abuse and neglect, as well as sexual abuse.
Not being accepted for your full identity, experiencing the turmoil of family conflict or disconnection, or healing from abuse may have lead to you feeling confused, anxious, angry, ashamed or frustrated, or just completely fed up. You might wonder if you're good enough, or "normal". I am particularly passionate about helping people who feel like an 'other', with a profound sense of difference from family, friends or community. I have professional and lived experience and understanding of the LGBT+ community, neurodiverse individuals and survivors of parental abuse and neglect, as well as sexual abuse.
01344 951381 View 01344 951381
Photo of Stephen McLaughlin, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Stephen McLaughlin
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L15
I work with clients from many backgrounds, but make special mention that as a gay man with neurodiversity in my close family I welcome work with LGBTQIA+ people and with neurodivergent people.
I support clients struggling with anxiety, anger, trauma, overwhelm, and difficulty feeling and expressing emotions. I have experience working with suicidal ideation. You may feel stuck or alone, struggling to make sense of your own thoughts or feelings, to recover from past experiences, or how to feel okay in the here and now. I am interested in the stories that we tell ourselves, and how those stories help or hinder us as we navigate through life. I will work with you to better understand your story so that you can make real changes in your life, in your relationships with others, and in your relationship with yourself.
I work with clients from many backgrounds, but make special mention that as a gay man with neurodiversity in my close family I welcome work with LGBTQIA+ people and with neurodivergent people.
I support clients struggling with anxiety, anger, trauma, overwhelm, and difficulty feeling and expressing emotions. I have experience working with suicidal ideation. You may feel stuck or alone, struggling to make sense of your own thoughts or feelings, to recover from past experiences, or how to feel okay in the here and now. I am interested in the stories that we tell ourselves, and how those stories help or hinder us as we navigate through life. I will work with you to better understand your story so that you can make real changes in your life, in your relationships with others, and in your relationship with yourself.
01923 961664 View 01923 961664
Julie Ashworth
Counsellor, PsychD, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
I work with individuals, couples and families with experience in managing anxiety & stress, bereavement, depression, relationship/family issues, child/adolescent clients, cancer support, post traumatic stress disorder/trauma, pregnancy & birth, abuse, addiction, sexual and transgender, anger & self harm.
Hi, my name is Julie. I am a professional Counsellor and Supervisor and an member of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy (BACP) and the National Counselling Society. I provide a confidential, counselling service to meet your individual needs providing a safe, non-judgemental environment where you can work at your own pace in a place of safety and comfort where your feelings and emotions can be expressed and explored. I offer support and understanding in a non-critical way and appreciate and respect differences and diversity in culture, ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality, physical ability and spirituality
I work with individuals, couples and families with experience in managing anxiety & stress, bereavement, depression, relationship/family issues, child/adolescent clients, cancer support, post traumatic stress disorder/trauma, pregnancy & birth, abuse, addiction, sexual and transgender, anger & self harm.
Hi, my name is Julie. I am a professional Counsellor and Supervisor and an member of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy (BACP) and the National Counselling Society. I provide a confidential, counselling service to meet your individual needs providing a safe, non-judgemental environment where you can work at your own pace in a place of safety and comfort where your feelings and emotions can be expressed and explored. I offer support and understanding in a non-critical way and appreciate and respect differences and diversity in culture, ethnicity, race, gender, sexuality, physical ability and spirituality
01925 938944 View 01925 938944
Photo of Mandy Jones, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Mandy Jones
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
However, this is the umbrella term which covers all other aspects of work, including depression, anxiety, work related stress, eating disorders, confidence, relationship issues, addictions, family issues, gender, self-esteem, suicidal ideation and self-harm, LGBTQ+, etc, etc.
Hi, thank you for taking the time to look at my profile. Here is just a little bit of info about me.............I am a highly experienced, skilled and established counsellor. Alongside my private practice work, I am also employed part-time as a Lead Therapist for a local Charity. My previous work experience has included working for a statutory service in the NHS, Charities and various EAP's companies. I offer my clients a safe, private, confidential and non-judgemental space to help process and explore any difficulties or issues you may have.
However, this is the umbrella term which covers all other aspects of work, including depression, anxiety, work related stress, eating disorders, confidence, relationship issues, addictions, family issues, gender, self-esteem, suicidal ideation and self-harm, LGBTQ+, etc, etc.
Hi, thank you for taking the time to look at my profile. Here is just a little bit of info about me.............I am a highly experienced, skilled and established counsellor. Alongside my private practice work, I am also employed part-time as a Lead Therapist for a local Charity. My previous work experience has included working for a statutory service in the NHS, Charities and various EAP's companies. I offer my clients a safe, private, confidential and non-judgemental space to help process and explore any difficulties or issues you may have.
07955 727317 View 07955 727317
Photo of Jennifer Kennedy, Psychotherapist in Runcorn, England
Jennifer Kennedy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L18  (Online Only)
LGBTQIA friendly.
Hi, I'm Jennifer I specialise in helping you with long term anxiety and depression arising from negative past experiences or childhood trauma. I help you understand and work through the root causes of your emotional difficulties using psychotherapy, inner child work and nervous system healing. I also use mindfulness and awareness practices to provide a holistic approach to healing. I talk more about how I work and offer free mental health content on Tiktok at jenniferkennedytherapy and Instagram.
LGBTQIA friendly.
Hi, I'm Jennifer I specialise in helping you with long term anxiety and depression arising from negative past experiences or childhood trauma. I help you understand and work through the root causes of your emotional difficulties using psychotherapy, inner child work and nervous system healing. I also use mindfulness and awareness practices to provide a holistic approach to healing. I talk more about how I work and offer free mental health content on Tiktok at jenniferkennedytherapy and Instagram.
01707 954077 View 01707 954077
Photo of Emma Haslam, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Emma Haslam
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Newton-le-Willows WA12
Taking the first step to meet a therapist may feel daunting, yet it can be so rewarding by helping you learn about yourself and what has brought you here. Therapy is a vital component in an individual’s growth and self-awareness. Many people seek therapy for several reasons, whether its anxiety, bereavement, trauma, stress and many other reasons that can be explored and worked through, with someone beside you, supporting you. It is your space and time, that can be used exploring whatever you wish to bring. My hope is to be someone you can reveal your true self to, without feeling judged, but to feel heard, understood and accepted.
Taking the first step to meet a therapist may feel daunting, yet it can be so rewarding by helping you learn about yourself and what has brought you here. Therapy is a vital component in an individual’s growth and self-awareness. Many people seek therapy for several reasons, whether its anxiety, bereavement, trauma, stress and many other reasons that can be explored and worked through, with someone beside you, supporting you. It is your space and time, that can be used exploring whatever you wish to bring. My hope is to be someone you can reveal your true self to, without feeling judged, but to feel heard, understood and accepted.
01925 989951 View 01925 989951
Photo of Simon Lewis, Psychologist in Runcorn, England
Simon Lewis
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Liverpool L26  (Online Only)
I am passionate about trauma informed practice: making every effort to understand the impact of people’s lived experiences on their daily lives. My approach is based on psychological formulation, to make sense of what a person is experiencing, and then using a range of integrated approaches to help people to make changes. I care about empowering individuals to live the lives they want to live, and take a very human and empathic approach to working with people's distress.
I am passionate about trauma informed practice: making every effort to understand the impact of people’s lived experiences on their daily lives. My approach is based on psychological formulation, to make sense of what a person is experiencing, and then using a range of integrated approaches to help people to make changes. I care about empowering individuals to live the lives they want to live, and take a very human and empathic approach to working with people's distress.
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Photo of Ayhan Alman, Psychotherapist in Runcorn, England
Ayhan Alman
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
Feeling overwhelmed or unsure how to move forward? You are not alone. Whether you are dealing with too much pressure, struggling to connect, or facing life's challenges, taking the first step to reach out is significant. I welcome everyone in my practice, especially those who see the world in different ways. As someone who is autistic and understands the ups and downs of neurodivergent conditions, including receiving a diagnosis, I deeply resonate with what you might be experiencing. If you want to understand yourself and others better, my role is to support you therapeutically throughout this process.
Feeling overwhelmed or unsure how to move forward? You are not alone. Whether you are dealing with too much pressure, struggling to connect, or facing life's challenges, taking the first step to reach out is significant. I welcome everyone in my practice, especially those who see the world in different ways. As someone who is autistic and understands the ups and downs of neurodivergent conditions, including receiving a diagnosis, I deeply resonate with what you might be experiencing. If you want to understand yourself and others better, my role is to support you therapeutically throughout this process.
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Photo of Equilibrium Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Runcorn, England
Equilibrium Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Verified Verified
Tarbock Green L36
I am a Registered Mental Health Nurse with 30 years experience and trained as a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, completing my Postgraduate Diploma in CBT at The University of Salford. I am particularly experienced and skilled in working with people suffering from anxiety, depression and trauma related problems. Additionally i have spcific experience of helping adults with ADHD who need help to manage symptoms such as problems with organisation, time management, organisation, planning and anger management.
I am a Registered Mental Health Nurse with 30 years experience and trained as a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, completing my Postgraduate Diploma in CBT at The University of Salford. I am particularly experienced and skilled in working with people suffering from anxiety, depression and trauma related problems. Additionally i have spcific experience of helping adults with ADHD who need help to manage symptoms such as problems with organisation, time management, organisation, planning and anger management.
0151 318 0852 View 0151 318 0852
Photo of Robin Altwarg, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Robin Altwarg
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Liverpool L18
My expertise lies in the areas of social anxiety, low self-esteem and ADHD. I provide counselling for individual adults. Sessions take place in a caring and professional environment, which is sufficiently challenging to effect change. Working together we can help you gain a better understanding of yourself, to overcome obstacles in your life, and reach your goals. I work with people on a wide range of issues. The quality of the therapeutic relationship contributes to a positive outcome in counselling, which is very important in my work. I have 23 years' experience providing counselling and psychotherapy.
My expertise lies in the areas of social anxiety, low self-esteem and ADHD. I provide counselling for individual adults. Sessions take place in a caring and professional environment, which is sufficiently challenging to effect change. Working together we can help you gain a better understanding of yourself, to overcome obstacles in your life, and reach your goals. I work with people on a wide range of issues. The quality of the therapeutic relationship contributes to a positive outcome in counselling, which is very important in my work. I have 23 years' experience providing counselling and psychotherapy.
0151 317 9127 View 0151 317 9127
Photo of Diane Earl, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Diane Earl
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Frodsham WA6
We all struggle to make sense of experiences at times, for example, when our life is in transition as we are leaving home or taking on new caring responsibilities. As a counsellor I can offer the opportunity to talk in confidence. I have worked in mental health for over 20 years and have trained as a social worker as well as a counsellor. Social networks and our sense of connection, can contribute to our emotional resilience and ability to face life's challenges. I can help you find a broader perspective and your own way forward.
We all struggle to make sense of experiences at times, for example, when our life is in transition as we are leaving home or taking on new caring responsibilities. As a counsellor I can offer the opportunity to talk in confidence. I have worked in mental health for over 20 years and have trained as a social worker as well as a counsellor. Social networks and our sense of connection, can contribute to our emotional resilience and ability to face life's challenges. I can help you find a broader perspective and your own way forward.
07480 540068 View 07480 540068
Photo of Leticia Susana Stamer, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Leticia Susana Stamer
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
We struggle, we encounter challenges in life, and whether you feel it's too much and you're finding it hard to cope, or you want to deepen your personal development, counselling can be a deeply healing space to explore different parts of yourself, and take control of your life and your future. You are not alone, wherever you are on your life's journey, I want to help you promote positive change and growth. It takes courage to face our challenges and it will be my privilege to accompany you on this journey towards change.
We struggle, we encounter challenges in life, and whether you feel it's too much and you're finding it hard to cope, or you want to deepen your personal development, counselling can be a deeply healing space to explore different parts of yourself, and take control of your life and your future. You are not alone, wherever you are on your life's journey, I want to help you promote positive change and growth. It takes courage to face our challenges and it will be my privilege to accompany you on this journey towards change.
01925 873506 View 01925 873506
Photo of Trusting Heart Counselling and Sex Therapy , Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Trusting Heart Counselling and Sex Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Warrington WA1
Sex therapy for Individual Adults and Couples that might be struggling with sexual problems & intimacy issues. Issues I can help you with are Painful Sex, Erection & Ejaculation Issues, Pain & Penetration Issues, Low Sexual Desire, Sexual Dysfunctioning Issues, Orgasm Issues, Sex & Porn Addictions, Sexual Compulsivity, Sexual Jealously and issues around any Kink, Fetish & BDSM Practices. I offer online sessions on Tuesdays and Wednesdays during the day, and in person and online on Friday daytimes at my Heswall Clinic. Please reach out today! Get in touch by dropping me an email and let's have a conversation!
Sex therapy for Individual Adults and Couples that might be struggling with sexual problems & intimacy issues. Issues I can help you with are Painful Sex, Erection & Ejaculation Issues, Pain & Penetration Issues, Low Sexual Desire, Sexual Dysfunctioning Issues, Orgasm Issues, Sex & Porn Addictions, Sexual Compulsivity, Sexual Jealously and issues around any Kink, Fetish & BDSM Practices. I offer online sessions on Tuesdays and Wednesdays during the day, and in person and online on Friday daytimes at my Heswall Clinic. Please reach out today! Get in touch by dropping me an email and let's have a conversation!
07376 473162 View 07376 473162
Photo of Paula Kennedy Psychotherapy: PKFSP, Psychotherapist in Runcorn, England
Paula Kennedy Psychotherapy: PKFSP
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Saint Helens WA9
As an experienced, UKCP registered, professional Systemic Psychotherapist working in Merseyside, your mental health and well-being is at the heart of my practice. I offer individual, couples and family work with children, young people, adults and/or the wider family network. With 27 years experience in the field of mental health care, across a range of services, I am able to offer assessment, formulation and tailored interventions for all those I work with.
As an experienced, UKCP registered, professional Systemic Psychotherapist working in Merseyside, your mental health and well-being is at the heart of my practice. I offer individual, couples and family work with children, young people, adults and/or the wider family network. With 27 years experience in the field of mental health care, across a range of services, I am able to offer assessment, formulation and tailored interventions for all those I work with.
0151 453 6366 View 0151 453 6366
Photo of Helen Allen, Counsellor in Runcorn, England
Helen Allen
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Chester CH3
There is so much noise all around us. Opinions from family, friends and society on how we should think, act, look and learn are everywhere. It’s easy to lose sight of what you think, what you want, who you actually are. Counselling gives you a time and space to discover what you think and what’s important to you. My ethos is to walk in your world with you in a non judgemental way. We would work together in an atmosphere of trust and mutual respect, unpicking and exploring where the issues stem from. Using a blend of techniques supporting you in finding the understanding and acceptance to move forwards in a happier, healthier way.
There is so much noise all around us. Opinions from family, friends and society on how we should think, act, look and learn are everywhere. It’s easy to lose sight of what you think, what you want, who you actually are. Counselling gives you a time and space to discover what you think and what’s important to you. My ethos is to walk in your world with you in a non judgemental way. We would work together in an atmosphere of trust and mutual respect, unpicking and exploring where the issues stem from. Using a blend of techniques supporting you in finding the understanding and acceptance to move forwards in a happier, healthier way.
0151 453 1909 View 0151 453 1909

See more therapy options for Runcorn

LGBTQ+ Counsellors

Do LGBTQ-affirmative therapists receive special training?

Yes. Many therapists who practice LGBTQ-affirmative therapy have completed specialised training, either during their degree programme or as continuing education, to learn the core principles of affirmative therapy and how to best support their LGBTQ clients; some have received certifications in LGBTQ-affirmative therapy. Prospective clients should inquire as to a clinician’s background and training to ensure a good fit.

Why might I want to see an LGBTQ-affirming or LGBTQ-friendly therapist?

Queer and gender-non-conforming individuals frequently experience bias and marginalisation in day-to-day life. Working with a therapist who understands these unique challenges, as well as accepts and affirms their identity, can help LGBTQ clients feel safe and supported during therapy—allowing them to better navigate their relationships, mental health, and anything else that they wish to explore during therapy. It is important to note that many therapists can be effective in their work with LGBTQ+ individuals, even in the absence of specific training or background knowledge. The most important component in therapy is the alliance between therapist and client, and this alliance can exist between individuals with very different backgrounds.

How can I find an LGBTQ-friendly therapist?

You may wish to inquire about a therapist’s expertise with your specific challenges or concerns—depression, for example, or relationship strife—as well as their past experiences treating LGBTQ+ clients. Prospective clients may also ask whether a therapist has obtained additional training and/or certification in LGBTQ-affirmative techniques.

How can I inquire about a therapist’s experience with LGBTQ issues?

Prospective clients should feel empowered to directly ask therapists whether they have received training or been certified in LGBTQ-affirming therapy; competent therapists will be happy to explain their educational background and preferred approach(es) to help a client find the best match for them. Clients may also wish to ask how a therapist has treated clients with their particular challenges in the past and what they expect treatment to look like.

Are all the therapists listed in the LGBTQ directory themselves members of the LGBTQ community?

While therapists may choose to disclose their sexual orientation or gender identity in their profiles, the LGBTQ directory features not only those who have shared this information but also those who assert specialised training or experience in providing support to queer individuals, couples or families.