Photo of Deborah Lennox
Deborah Lennox
Verified Verified
I'm Debbie, a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, based in Glasgow. With over 20 years of career experience, my background includes CBT therapy and offering support to individuals and families dealing with a variety of problems and issues. CBT is a talking therapy & a powerful support intervention to help manage problems by exploring & addressing the interconnection between thoughts, behaviours, & emotions. By breaking down overwhelming issues into manageable parts, CBT guides individuals in transforming negative thought patterns, into more positive ones, to help improve how you think & feel
I'm Debbie, a qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, based in Glasgow. With over 20 years of career experience, my background includes CBT therapy and offering support to individuals and families dealing with a variety of problems and issues. CBT is a talking therapy & a powerful support intervention to help manage problems by exploring & addressing the interconnection between thoughts, behaviours, & emotions. By breaking down overwhelming issues into manageable parts, CBT guides individuals in transforming negative thought patterns, into more positive ones, to help improve how you think & feel
0141 673 8716 View 0141 673 8716
Photo of Laura Hunter, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Laura Hunter
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Glasgow G4  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi I'm Laura & I am an experienced CBT therapist specialising in the treatment of anxiety and OCD. I am based in Glasgow city centre but offer online therapy to clients throughout the UK. Finding the right therapist can be a daunting task particularly if you are looking for a particular approach or skill set and it's so important to find someone you can trust and connect with. I help clients to identify, challenge and overcome their negative thought processes and unhelpful coping strategies that no longer serve them. I am also knowledgeable and experienced in using exposure response prevention techniques in the treatments of OCD.
Hi I'm Laura & I am an experienced CBT therapist specialising in the treatment of anxiety and OCD. I am based in Glasgow city centre but offer online therapy to clients throughout the UK. Finding the right therapist can be a daunting task particularly if you are looking for a particular approach or skill set and it's so important to find someone you can trust and connect with. I help clients to identify, challenge and overcome their negative thought processes and unhelpful coping strategies that no longer serve them. I am also knowledgeable and experienced in using exposure response prevention techniques in the treatments of OCD.
0141 465 5898 View 0141 465 5898
Photo of Maria Georgiou Shippi, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Maria Georgiou Shippi
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
I am a charted counselling psychologist and believe that the key for successful therapy is the cooperation between clients (you) and myself. I aim to promote honest conversations regarding your needs, goals and aims, along with my ability to help you meet these. I am able to provide therapy both in English and Greek, and have developed a passion for e-therapy. E-Therapy is personal as the video function helps promote the therapeutic relationship while also being practical and time effective by taking away the hassle of travelling for your sessions. E-therapy can be complemented with face to face sessions every few months.
I am a charted counselling psychologist and believe that the key for successful therapy is the cooperation between clients (you) and myself. I aim to promote honest conversations regarding your needs, goals and aims, along with my ability to help you meet these. I am able to provide therapy both in English and Greek, and have developed a passion for e-therapy. E-Therapy is personal as the video function helps promote the therapeutic relationship while also being practical and time effective by taking away the hassle of travelling for your sessions. E-therapy can be complemented with face to face sessions every few months.
01202 037279 View 01202 037279
Photo of Charlene Jany, MSc, PNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Charlene Jany
Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G4  (Online Only)
As an accredited therapist I specialise in fertility & relationship issues for both couples and individuals. You may be feeling something isn't exactly right in your relationship or have a more difficult issue. You could be going through fertility treatment or have just had a fertility diagnosis. Many people think that relationship counselling should be attended when issues hit breaking point and that is simply not the case. I see people at all stages of their relationship and some of the issues I deal with can range from Affairs/betrayals, Family issues, relationship breakdowns & fertility/infertility issues.
As an accredited therapist I specialise in fertility & relationship issues for both couples and individuals. You may be feeling something isn't exactly right in your relationship or have a more difficult issue. You could be going through fertility treatment or have just had a fertility diagnosis. Many people think that relationship counselling should be attended when issues hit breaking point and that is simply not the case. I see people at all stages of their relationship and some of the issues I deal with can range from Affairs/betrayals, Family issues, relationship breakdowns & fertility/infertility issues.
0141 280 7657 View 0141 280 7657
Photo of Maria Cascarino, MBACP, Counsellor
Maria Cascarino
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Glasgow G4  (Online Only)
My name is Maria and I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist providing therapy for an extensive range of issues. I fully understand the courage involved in beginning your therapeutic journey and I am here to support you through the process. Together we will create a safe space without judgement, where we can compassionately explore your unhelpful thoughts and behaviour patterns impacting your life. I will help you develop skills and strategies to overcome challenges and support you on the path to a fulfilling life. We are all individuals who experience the world differently so the sessions will be tailored to your needs and wants.
My name is Maria and I am a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist providing therapy for an extensive range of issues. I fully understand the courage involved in beginning your therapeutic journey and I am here to support you through the process. Together we will create a safe space without judgement, where we can compassionately explore your unhelpful thoughts and behaviour patterns impacting your life. I will help you develop skills and strategies to overcome challenges and support you on the path to a fulfilling life. We are all individuals who experience the world differently so the sessions will be tailored to your needs and wants.
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Photo of Jason Park - Autonomy Counselling Services, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Autonomy Counselling Services
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
As an actor/performer for 20 years, I spent the majority of my time looking into what makes people tick. Why do we do what we do and what do we get out of it? These questions are very rarely easy to answer about ourselves and this can lead us to feel life is unfulfilling or lead to a myriad of mental health issues. We can get anxious and depressed from life. I use my experience in understanding others as a way of conceptualising what you want and how you might achieve it. I will never tell you what to do, but I will absolutely stand beside you whilst you build the strength and self-belief to do what you need to for yourself.
As an actor/performer for 20 years, I spent the majority of my time looking into what makes people tick. Why do we do what we do and what do we get out of it? These questions are very rarely easy to answer about ourselves and this can lead us to feel life is unfulfilling or lead to a myriad of mental health issues. We can get anxious and depressed from life. I use my experience in understanding others as a way of conceptualising what you want and how you might achieve it. I will never tell you what to do, but I will absolutely stand beside you whilst you build the strength and self-belief to do what you need to for yourself.
0141 471 9156 View 0141 471 9156
Photo of Asma Khan, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Asma Khan
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Therapy requires bravery, vulnerability, and self-love. Sometimes it is the hardest thing you will ever do in your life, but it can be the most rewarding. As a Cognitive behavioural psychotherapist I help people understand how the stories they have created about themselves impact their lives today, and what they can do to create a new story. The overall aim of therapy is to support you to explore your difficulties in a safe space and achieve the goals that you identify. My practice is centred on trust, empathy and empowerment.
Therapy requires bravery, vulnerability, and self-love. Sometimes it is the hardest thing you will ever do in your life, but it can be the most rewarding. As a Cognitive behavioural psychotherapist I help people understand how the stories they have created about themselves impact their lives today, and what they can do to create a new story. The overall aim of therapy is to support you to explore your difficulties in a safe space and achieve the goals that you identify. My practice is centred on trust, empathy and empowerment.
0141 673 7453 View 0141 673 7453
Photo of Martyn Forbes - Martyn Forbes - The Queer Couch, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Martyn Forbes - The Queer Couch
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
We are all unique individuals, so it makes sense that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all approach. I aim to provide a non-judgmental and compassionate space for individuals of all flavours to work through their difficulties. Gender and sexuality may not be the reason you are seeking therapy, but I understand the significance these parts of you may play in your life. Therapy should never be a place where you feel the need to watch what you say or educate your own therapist about who you are. Therapy is time for you.
We are all unique individuals, so it makes sense that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all approach. I aim to provide a non-judgmental and compassionate space for individuals of all flavours to work through their difficulties. Gender and sexuality may not be the reason you are seeking therapy, but I understand the significance these parts of you may play in your life. Therapy should never be a place where you feel the need to watch what you say or educate your own therapist about who you are. Therapy is time for you.
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Photo of Alex Oliver, PhD, CPsychol, Psychologist
Alex Oliver
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
As a Sports and Exercise Psychologist (in training), I support and empower my clients to overcome challenges faced. Challenges may be anxiety and motivation to engage in exercise or may relate to sporting performance.
As a Sports and Exercise Psychologist (in training), I support and empower my clients to overcome challenges faced. Challenges may be anxiety and motivation to engage in exercise or may relate to sporting performance.
0121 817 3720 View 0121 817 3720
Photo of Dr Nadia Kheirabi, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Nadia Kheirabi
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
I am a Counselling Psychologist, and I provide individual therapy to adults, both online and in Newton Mearns, near Glasgow. I also provide therapy to children, adolescents, and couples, as well as clinical supervision to other mental health professionals. My approach is all about providing a warm, accepting and empowering space to help you explore your difficulties, and together, to find a way forward. Please get in touch for a no-obligation chat to discuss how I might help you
I am a Counselling Psychologist, and I provide individual therapy to adults, both online and in Newton Mearns, near Glasgow. I also provide therapy to children, adolescents, and couples, as well as clinical supervision to other mental health professionals. My approach is all about providing a warm, accepting and empowering space to help you explore your difficulties, and together, to find a way forward. Please get in touch for a no-obligation chat to discuss how I might help you
0141 673 8012 View 0141 673 8012
Photo of Erin Deehan - Psyche Therapy Centre, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Psyche Therapy Centre
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
There are many approaches to wellness and treatments for various psychological issues. Different therapeutic approaches work differently for different people. Everyone is unique and at psyche therapy centre we believe in finding what works best for you along with following science and research to help you towards psychological well-being. There is “no one size fits all” and therefore we would like to offer you the chance to explore finding out what works best for you to treat whatever issue you may be going through. Are you struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, addiction, depression, anxiety, personality disorders?
There are many approaches to wellness and treatments for various psychological issues. Different therapeutic approaches work differently for different people. Everyone is unique and at psyche therapy centre we believe in finding what works best for you along with following science and research to help you towards psychological well-being. There is “no one size fits all” and therefore we would like to offer you the chance to explore finding out what works best for you to treat whatever issue you may be going through. Are you struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, addiction, depression, anxiety, personality disorders?
0141 673 0206 View 0141 673 0206
Photo of Jen Nicholson, MCOSCA Accred, Counsellor
Jen Nicholson
Counsellor, MCOSCA Accred
Verified Verified
Where do my patterns come from and do they seem to be driving your life? It may be very confusing. Your emotions may be very energetic or perhaps you feel stuck and that nothing will ever change. You may think that you're feeling nothing. Experience of numbness or 'nothing' ARE feelings and are signs of a functioning emotional system, it may be useful to have support in making sense of these feelings.
Where do my patterns come from and do they seem to be driving your life? It may be very confusing. Your emotions may be very energetic or perhaps you feel stuck and that nothing will ever change. You may think that you're feeling nothing. Experience of numbness or 'nothing' ARE feelings and are signs of a functioning emotional system, it may be useful to have support in making sense of these feelings.
0141 280 6756 View 0141 280 6756
Photo of Aga Teodorowska, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Aga Teodorowska
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
I know how difficult it is to reach out for support and how bumpy our personal journey can be at times. I am a fully qualified, experienced therapist and I work with a variety of issues including trauma, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, bereavement, relationship issues and stress. I believe that the key in my therapeutic work is simply being there for you with an open heart and mind. Being fully present means meeting you and your life's journey with empathy and compassion, because I know from the experience how powerful it can be to feel really seen and understood.
I know how difficult it is to reach out for support and how bumpy our personal journey can be at times. I am a fully qualified, experienced therapist and I work with a variety of issues including trauma, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, bereavement, relationship issues and stress. I believe that the key in my therapeutic work is simply being there for you with an open heart and mind. Being fully present means meeting you and your life's journey with empathy and compassion, because I know from the experience how powerful it can be to feel really seen and understood.
07756 915507 View 07756 915507
Photo of Emma Yuill, MBABCP, Counsellor
Emma Yuill
Counsellor, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Our many experiences in life , the messages we may have taken from these and how they may now play out in our lives can impact on us day to day. However this is often out with our awareness as a result of habit. The difficulty can be identifying what these are and actually recognising that there are different perspectives and alternative ways that we can learn to cope and function in a way that feels healthier. Using a CBT approach we can work collaboratively to explore and understand your problems further, and begin to identify possible unhelpful thinking patterns and behaviours that may currently be causing you difficulty .
Our many experiences in life , the messages we may have taken from these and how they may now play out in our lives can impact on us day to day. However this is often out with our awareness as a result of habit. The difficulty can be identifying what these are and actually recognising that there are different perspectives and alternative ways that we can learn to cope and function in a way that feels healthier. Using a CBT approach we can work collaboratively to explore and understand your problems further, and begin to identify possible unhelpful thinking patterns and behaviours that may currently be causing you difficulty .
0141 483 7458 View 0141 483 7458
Photo of Dr Richard Golsworthy, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Richard Golsworthy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Glasgow G4  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. If you are reading this, you are likely feeling in a stuck, difficult or distressing place in your life. We all bring a unique history and mind-set to the life difficulties we encounter. These will have given us strengths to help manage problems, but sometimes we need to discover new ways we might feel, think or act. I think of my specialism as 'stuckness' - whether in emotions, relationships or unhelpful behaviours - which is often expressed in terms such as: anxiety, depression, stress, fear, trauma, low self-esteem, sleep problems, bulimia and binge eating, adjustment to loss, illness & major life changes.
Hello and welcome. If you are reading this, you are likely feeling in a stuck, difficult or distressing place in your life. We all bring a unique history and mind-set to the life difficulties we encounter. These will have given us strengths to help manage problems, but sometimes we need to discover new ways we might feel, think or act. I think of my specialism as 'stuckness' - whether in emotions, relationships or unhelpful behaviours - which is often expressed in terms such as: anxiety, depression, stress, fear, trauma, low self-esteem, sleep problems, bulimia and binge eating, adjustment to loss, illness & major life changes.
0141 280 4485 View 0141 280 4485
Glasgow Counselling Services
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Verified Verified
If you are struggling and need support, we can offer you a safe, consistent, confidential and professional relationship. Please contact the practice for more information and the option of a free fifteen minute phone or Zoom call.
If you are struggling and need support, we can offer you a safe, consistent, confidential and professional relationship. Please contact the practice for more information and the option of a free fifteen minute phone or Zoom call.
Photo of Yvonne McNeill, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Yvonne McNeill
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
At Yorkhill Childrens’ Hospital, Cross House Paediatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, I helped children and adults manage illness, pain and invasive treatments. In Maternity & Neonatal Services, I supported couples during pregnancy, after traumatic birth and loss and supported families with babies in SCBU and ICU. I've worked in Adult Services, both in community mental health services and alongside the medical profession in hospitals. I worked for more than six years at the Canniesburn Plastic Surgery and Burns unit supporting individuals with poor body image, changes in functioning due to illness or injury and PTSD.
At Yorkhill Childrens’ Hospital, Cross House Paediatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, I helped children and adults manage illness, pain and invasive treatments. In Maternity & Neonatal Services, I supported couples during pregnancy, after traumatic birth and loss and supported families with babies in SCBU and ICU. I've worked in Adult Services, both in community mental health services and alongside the medical profession in hospitals. I worked for more than six years at the Canniesburn Plastic Surgery and Burns unit supporting individuals with poor body image, changes in functioning due to illness or injury and PTSD.
0141 473 6870 View 0141 473 6870
Photo of Dr Joanna C Livingstone, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Joanna C Livingstone
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
If you are struggling and need some advice, someone to talk to, or to understand what you are experiencing then hopefully I can help. It may be that you are struggling with your mood, or a specific problem that is impacting on your everyday life. I can help you to find the answers, structure a programme for you and work with you to help you make the changes that will help you lead a better and more fulfilled life, with an understanding of the issues that are affecting you now. I offer Psychology and coaching sessions depending on your presenting problem.
If you are struggling and need some advice, someone to talk to, or to understand what you are experiencing then hopefully I can help. It may be that you are struggling with your mood, or a specific problem that is impacting on your everyday life. I can help you to find the answers, structure a programme for you and work with you to help you make the changes that will help you lead a better and more fulfilled life, with an understanding of the issues that are affecting you now. I offer Psychology and coaching sessions depending on your presenting problem.
0141 673 8397 View 0141 673 8397
Photo of Satinder Panesar, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Satinder Panesar
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Glasgow G4  (Online Only)
If you are reading this you will be searching for someone that is able to support you at a time you need it most. . My suggestion is to read the statements and contact the individual that can support you directly with the issue you would like to work with. I am a registered accredited member of BACP & NCPS. I have over 25+ years of working in Third Sector, NHS, Education & Private Sector. I work as a Psychotherapist, Clinical Supervisor & Coach - I work from a Integrative perspective - working with Person Centred, CBT or Attachment modalities enables me to work uniquely with the modality that suits you.
If you are reading this you will be searching for someone that is able to support you at a time you need it most. . My suggestion is to read the statements and contact the individual that can support you directly with the issue you would like to work with. I am a registered accredited member of BACP & NCPS. I have over 25+ years of working in Third Sector, NHS, Education & Private Sector. I work as a Psychotherapist, Clinical Supervisor & Coach - I work from a Integrative perspective - working with Person Centred, CBT or Attachment modalities enables me to work uniquely with the modality that suits you.
0141 483 7613 View 0141 483 7613
Photo of Mairi Albiston, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Mairi Albiston
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
My name is Dr Mairi Albiston, a Chartered Clinical Psychologist, with 19 years of qualified experience. I work full time for the NHS, specialising in Adult Mental Health, Physical Health, and Supervision. I provide a small private therapy service in the Glasgow area in Scotland to assist clients with a wide range of difficulties, including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, trauma, eating disorders and adjustment to chronic physical health problems. I am insured for clients within the UK.
My name is Dr Mairi Albiston, a Chartered Clinical Psychologist, with 19 years of qualified experience. I work full time for the NHS, specialising in Adult Mental Health, Physical Health, and Supervision. I provide a small private therapy service in the Glasgow area in Scotland to assist clients with a wide range of difficulties, including depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, trauma, eating disorders and adjustment to chronic physical health problems. I am insured for clients within the UK.
0141 673 6752 View 0141 673 6752
1

See more therapy options for G4

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in G4

20+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in G4 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
86% Depression
86% Stress
83% Relationship Issues
79% Bereavement
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aviva
71% AXA PPP
71% Vitality

How Counsellors in G4 see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in G4?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.