Photo of Liessa Callaghan, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Liessa Callaghan
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT19
You may wish to start counselling for many reasons. You may be experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, bereavement, or other challenges that are impacting your wellbeing. Or you could be overwhelmed by feelings like sadness, confusion, anger, or distress. You may wish to explore your experience of neurodiversity. Whatever the issue, we will work specifically on your circumstances. I respect everyone's uniqueness and individuality, and the focus of our therapeutic work together is to process your past or current distress.
You may wish to start counselling for many reasons. You may be experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship problems, bereavement, or other challenges that are impacting your wellbeing. Or you could be overwhelmed by feelings like sadness, confusion, anger, or distress. You may wish to explore your experience of neurodiversity. Whatever the issue, we will work specifically on your circumstances. I respect everyone's uniqueness and individuality, and the focus of our therapeutic work together is to process your past or current distress.
01737 301523 View 01737 301523
Photo of Niamh Quinn Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist in Epsom, England
Niamh Quinn Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT18
Welcome, I'm Niamh - The Anxiety Therapist! I’m here to support you with any anxiety related issues. Panic, anxiety, worry, intrusive thoughts and phobias can seriously impact your quality of life. They can cause uncomfortable physical symptoms, racing thoughts, stop you doing things you enjoy and impact your sleep. If anxious thoughts and feelings are affecting your mental well-being, confidence, relationships, career or social life and you want support, it can help to speak to a professional. I offer online and in person, private 1-1 therapy where we can discuss the difficulties you’re having and how I can best support you.
Welcome, I'm Niamh - The Anxiety Therapist! I’m here to support you with any anxiety related issues. Panic, anxiety, worry, intrusive thoughts and phobias can seriously impact your quality of life. They can cause uncomfortable physical symptoms, racing thoughts, stop you doing things you enjoy and impact your sleep. If anxious thoughts and feelings are affecting your mental well-being, confidence, relationships, career or social life and you want support, it can help to speak to a professional. I offer online and in person, private 1-1 therapy where we can discuss the difficulties you’re having and how I can best support you.
01372 239532 View 01372 239532
Photo of Charo Trigo, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Charo Trigo
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT19  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome to my practice. I am a fully qualified integrative therapist and a registered member of the BACP. I am currently offering online therapy sessions for adults and young people aged 16+. My overall aim is to create a safe space in which my clients can explore their feelings, situations and inner worlds, and feel empowered in their ability to navigate daily life.
Hello and welcome to my practice. I am a fully qualified integrative therapist and a registered member of the BACP. I am currently offering online therapy sessions for adults and young people aged 16+. My overall aim is to create a safe space in which my clients can explore their feelings, situations and inner worlds, and feel empowered in their ability to navigate daily life.
01737 924998 View 01737 924998
Photo of David Campbell, Counsellor in Epsom, England
David Campbell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT18
My name is David and I offer outcome based therapy for complex based issues like depression, anxiety, addiction, and relationship challenges whether that is at home or work. We can only truly move past them by understanding where they originate from and deal with them as they present in your current life. This may involve looking at past experiences and the emotions associated with them in a compassionate, empathic, non-judgmental, curious way, creating the right conditions for you to get to the source of your problem and see how certain triggers from the past directly inform how you think, feel, and behave in the present moment.
My name is David and I offer outcome based therapy for complex based issues like depression, anxiety, addiction, and relationship challenges whether that is at home or work. We can only truly move past them by understanding where they originate from and deal with them as they present in your current life. This may involve looking at past experiences and the emotions associated with them in a compassionate, empathic, non-judgmental, curious way, creating the right conditions for you to get to the source of your problem and see how certain triggers from the past directly inform how you think, feel, and behave in the present moment.
01372 664327 View 01372 664327
Photo of Karina Godwin Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist in Epsom, England
Karina Godwin Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT17  (Online Only)
Know thyself is an ancient aphorism that encourages individuals to explore and gain a deeper understanding of themselves. The phrase dates back to ancient Greece, where it was inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. At its core, know thyself is a call to introspection, self-awareness, and personal growth. It encourages you to look within, explore your thoughts and emotions, and gain insight into their motivations, values, and beliefs. By knowing yourself, you can better understand your strengths and weaknesses, make more informed choices, and live a more authentic and fulfilling life.
Know thyself is an ancient aphorism that encourages individuals to explore and gain a deeper understanding of themselves. The phrase dates back to ancient Greece, where it was inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. At its core, know thyself is a call to introspection, self-awareness, and personal growth. It encourages you to look within, explore your thoughts and emotions, and gain insight into their motivations, values, and beliefs. By knowing yourself, you can better understand your strengths and weaknesses, make more informed choices, and live a more authentic and fulfilling life.
020 4538 8026 View 020 4538 8026
Photo of Sabine Gough, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Sabine Gough
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT17
There are times in our lives when we may experience distressing events which leave us feeling lost, anxious or overwhelmed. Or life may simply be getting too much, we may feel unhappy or stuck, unable to move forward. Sharing your concerns, fears and anxieties with a therapist can help release the stress of holding in such emotions. I will listen to any concerns you may have, no matter how big or small. Together we will explore your situation, so that you can gain a greater sense of self-awareness and insights which will enable you to move forward towards a happier and more fulfilled life.
There are times in our lives when we may experience distressing events which leave us feeling lost, anxious or overwhelmed. Or life may simply be getting too much, we may feel unhappy or stuck, unable to move forward. Sharing your concerns, fears and anxieties with a therapist can help release the stress of holding in such emotions. I will listen to any concerns you may have, no matter how big or small. Together we will explore your situation, so that you can gain a greater sense of self-awareness and insights which will enable you to move forward towards a happier and more fulfilled life.
020 3974 1763 View 020 3974 1763
Photo of Janine Melanie Murden, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Janine Melanie Murden
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT18
I'm Janine and I am an experienced and fully qualified counsellor. I work with you by building a relationship with you that allows you to share whatever is on your mind. I provide a private and non judgemental space for you to explore the issues that have brought you to Counselling as well as longer term issues that you may need help to process. I have helped people work through a whole range of issues from anxiety and depression, trauma, abuse, gender, sexuality, parenting, loss and family relationships. If you need to talk I'm here to listen.
I'm Janine and I am an experienced and fully qualified counsellor. I work with you by building a relationship with you that allows you to share whatever is on your mind. I provide a private and non judgemental space for you to explore the issues that have brought you to Counselling as well as longer term issues that you may need help to process. I have helped people work through a whole range of issues from anxiety and depression, trauma, abuse, gender, sexuality, parenting, loss and family relationships. If you need to talk I'm here to listen.
01932 361026 View 01932 361026
Photo of Martin Firstbrook, Psychotherapist in Epsom, England
Martin Firstbrook
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT17
Life...Relationships...Work.... I partner with individuals and couples who want a place to reflect and make sense of their current difficulties so that they can get back on track. I offer a friendly, down to earth, research backed approach both online and face to face. I can provide counselling, psychotherapy and coaching, or a combination as determined by your unique needs. I start from the perspective that people make sense i.e. their behaviour and what they are experiencing have meaning that can be understood in the context of their history and their current life context.
Life...Relationships...Work.... I partner with individuals and couples who want a place to reflect and make sense of their current difficulties so that they can get back on track. I offer a friendly, down to earth, research backed approach both online and face to face. I can provide counselling, psychotherapy and coaching, or a combination as determined by your unique needs. I start from the perspective that people make sense i.e. their behaviour and what they are experiencing have meaning that can be understood in the context of their history and their current life context.
01737 949784 View 01737 949784
Photo of Mind Growth Mastery, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Mind Growth Mastery
Counsellor, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT18
Mind-Growth Mastery is a non-profit organisation offering various therapies from qualified professionals and mature, trainee therapists. CBT aims to reduce distress by identifying and changing unhelpful thinking patterns and behaviours which affect how we feel. We work collaboratively together to overcome challenges and build a life that is in line with your personal values. Integrative counselling is a talking therapy, drawing on a range of person-centered therapeutic styles. We work uniquely with each individual, helping them share in a safe, accepting environment. We aim to match the therapy to your needs and goals.
Mind-Growth Mastery is a non-profit organisation offering various therapies from qualified professionals and mature, trainee therapists. CBT aims to reduce distress by identifying and changing unhelpful thinking patterns and behaviours which affect how we feel. We work collaboratively together to overcome challenges and build a life that is in line with your personal values. Integrative counselling is a talking therapy, drawing on a range of person-centered therapeutic styles. We work uniquely with each individual, helping them share in a safe, accepting environment. We aim to match the therapy to your needs and goals.
01372 233828 View 01372 233828
Photo of Sally Coombe, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Sally Coombe
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Epsom KT17
You may be reading this as you’re finding things in life difficult at the moment. You may be struggling with thoughts or certain circumstances, maybe you can’t pin point what you’re going through; you just know you need some support. I offer you a safe and non judgmental space to explore what is happening, and help you to understand why you’re feeling the way you are. I personalise my work with you and provide tools to support you to work through the difficulties you are experiencing. You may be searching for the right counsellor, or you may be the parent/carer of a young person who needs support.
You may be reading this as you’re finding things in life difficult at the moment. You may be struggling with thoughts or certain circumstances, maybe you can’t pin point what you’re going through; you just know you need some support. I offer you a safe and non judgmental space to explore what is happening, and help you to understand why you’re feeling the way you are. I personalise my work with you and provide tools to support you to work through the difficulties you are experiencing. You may be searching for the right counsellor, or you may be the parent/carer of a young person who needs support.
01737 949810 View 01737 949810
Photo of Rebecca Earlby in Epsom, England
Rebecca Earlby
MSc
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Epsom KT19
I work with children and young people from age 4 to 16 who have had a range of experiences including; anxiety, low mood, social communication difficulties, learning needs, bereavement, parental alcohol and drug misuse, contact concerns, parental separation, domestic violence, homelessness and mental health difficulties amongst others. I strive to support both carers and children alike in the work that I do. I have completed over 600 hours of therapeutic support and have experience of court work.
I work with children and young people from age 4 to 16 who have had a range of experiences including; anxiety, low mood, social communication difficulties, learning needs, bereavement, parental alcohol and drug misuse, contact concerns, parental separation, domestic violence, homelessness and mental health difficulties amongst others. I strive to support both carers and children alike in the work that I do. I have completed over 600 hours of therapeutic support and have experience of court work.
01737 931051 View 01737 931051
Photo of Freya Rudigier, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Freya Rudigier
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT19
Clients often come to see me with struggles in their relationships, symptoms of anxiety or experiences of depression. Sometimes people know of relationships, specific events, or thinking patterns that are causing them difficulties, other times they just know they are feeling low and are looking for help. Guided by my clients, I set out to establish individual goals for therapy and hope to tailor the sessions as much as possible to the person. Your sessions, will be what you need them to be, whether that is sitting with grief and silence, understanding the nervous system, or getting expressive with crayons.
Clients often come to see me with struggles in their relationships, symptoms of anxiety or experiences of depression. Sometimes people know of relationships, specific events, or thinking patterns that are causing them difficulties, other times they just know they are feeling low and are looking for help. Guided by my clients, I set out to establish individual goals for therapy and hope to tailor the sessions as much as possible to the person. Your sessions, will be what you need them to be, whether that is sitting with grief and silence, understanding the nervous system, or getting expressive with crayons.
01737 302357 View 01737 302357
Photo of Sheila Lewis, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Sheila Lewis
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Epsom KT20
Welcome to Pathway Therapy, you've made it this far. I am dedicated to helping you through life's challenges. I am a qualified and registered BACP Counsellor that provides compassionate Psychodynamic counseling services, specialising in open-ended, long-term therapy for adults. I understand that life can be hectic, which is why we offer flexible session options, including in-person, online, or over-the-phone sessions tailored to your needs.
Welcome to Pathway Therapy, you've made it this far. I am dedicated to helping you through life's challenges. I am a qualified and registered BACP Counsellor that provides compassionate Psychodynamic counseling services, specialising in open-ended, long-term therapy for adults. I understand that life can be hectic, which is why we offer flexible session options, including in-person, online, or over-the-phone sessions tailored to your needs.
01737 949516 View 01737 949516
Photo of Catherine Huckle, Psychologist in Epsom, England
Catherine Huckle
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Epsom KT18
New Nature Connection Course running in May 2024 at The Barn KT9! This spring come and join our four session Nature Connection course and maximise the benefits of nature to reduce stress and anxiety, raise mood, support your immune system and improve sleep. For more details see www.epsompsychology.com/nature-workshops. As a Clinical Psychologist I am trained in a range of therapeutic models. My approach is integrative and person-centered; I might use elements from a range of models according to the difficulties that an individual is experiencing at any given time. I specialise in working with adults and see clients aged 18y+.
New Nature Connection Course running in May 2024 at The Barn KT9! This spring come and join our four session Nature Connection course and maximise the benefits of nature to reduce stress and anxiety, raise mood, support your immune system and improve sleep. For more details see www.epsompsychology.com/nature-workshops. As a Clinical Psychologist I am trained in a range of therapeutic models. My approach is integrative and person-centered; I might use elements from a range of models according to the difficulties that an individual is experiencing at any given time. I specialise in working with adults and see clients aged 18y+.
01372 232697 View 01372 232697
Photo of The Wellbeing Therapy Hut, Counsellor in Epsom, England
The Wellbeing Therapy Hut
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Epsom KT17
I'm Jess, a qualified NCPS counsellor. I have over 10 years experience of working with families, adults and children in a range of settings. I have always loved my work and feel that the most important thing is truly listening to someone and how they are feeling. To be able to give someone the space to be able to talk without judgement, and be accepted is so powerful! I understand that people come to counselling for loads of different reasons. I hope that I can offer a space for you to explore what you need in a non judgemental and accepting environment.
I'm Jess, a qualified NCPS counsellor. I have over 10 years experience of working with families, adults and children in a range of settings. I have always loved my work and feel that the most important thing is truly listening to someone and how they are feeling. To be able to give someone the space to be able to talk without judgement, and be accepted is so powerful! I understand that people come to counselling for loads of different reasons. I hope that I can offer a space for you to explore what you need in a non judgemental and accepting environment.
01737 948400 View 01737 948400
Photo of (Mal) Malgorzata Arciszewska, Psychologist in Epsom, England
(Mal) Malgorzata Arciszewska
Psychologist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Epsom KT18
Hello, I'm Mal, a psychologist committed to understanding and supporting you through life's challenges. If you're a foreigner navigating unfamiliar territories, grappling with loss, feeling weighed down by depression, stuck in a difficult place, wrestling with low self-esteem, or feeling the heavy burden of stress and anxiety, you're not alone. I want you to know that reaching out for support is a courageous step, and I'm here to walk with you on your unique journey. Together, we can explore your experiences, uncover strengths, and work towards a renewed sense of well-being.
Hello, I'm Mal, a psychologist committed to understanding and supporting you through life's challenges. If you're a foreigner navigating unfamiliar territories, grappling with loss, feeling weighed down by depression, stuck in a difficult place, wrestling with low self-esteem, or feeling the heavy burden of stress and anxiety, you're not alone. I want you to know that reaching out for support is a courageous step, and I'm here to walk with you on your unique journey. Together, we can explore your experiences, uncover strengths, and work towards a renewed sense of well-being.
01372 233945 View 01372 233945
Photo of Bronwyn Stewart, Psychologist in Epsom, England
Bronwyn Stewart
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Epsom KT19
I am a Chartered Psychologist and Registered Clinical Psychologist working with adolescents, adults and families across a wide range of difficulties. I have a decade of experience in the NHS and understand the importance of adapting my knowledge and expertise to meet the needs of the individual or family that I am working with.
I am a Chartered Psychologist and Registered Clinical Psychologist working with adolescents, adults and families across a wide range of difficulties. I have a decade of experience in the NHS and understand the importance of adapting my knowledge and expertise to meet the needs of the individual or family that I am working with.
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Photo of Susannah Hebden Dip.Couns Bacp Accred, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Susannah Hebden Dip.Couns Bacp Accred
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Epsom KT18
I am a trauma informed counsellor based in Epsom, Surrey. I provide a relaxed, friendly, non judgemental environment for clients to explore and work through issues that may be proving problematic, in a safe and confidential space. I will listen to what you would like to achieve from our time together and explore what you feel to be most relevant in each session. I use both traditional and creative therapeutic methods and will be guided by what suits you. I offer both face to face and online counselling sessions. Please feel free to call/email me in the first instance to discuss your needs in complete confidence.
I am a trauma informed counsellor based in Epsom, Surrey. I provide a relaxed, friendly, non judgemental environment for clients to explore and work through issues that may be proving problematic, in a safe and confidential space. I will listen to what you would like to achieve from our time together and explore what you feel to be most relevant in each session. I use both traditional and creative therapeutic methods and will be guided by what suits you. I offer both face to face and online counselling sessions. Please feel free to call/email me in the first instance to discuss your needs in complete confidence.
01372 239548 View 01372 239548
Photo of Belinda Dimmock, Counsellor in Epsom, England
Belinda Dimmock
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Epsom KT19
You may be looking at this website because something has got out of hand, it isn’t quite right, you may be feeling overwhelmed, a bit stressed or anxious and experiencing feelings of being unable to cope. Perhaps your doctor, friend or another health therapist has suggested you consider talking through your dilemma to help seek clarity to see your situation from a different perspective. If this sounds like you then you have come to the right place and I may be able to help you gain understanding of your situation. The symptoms you are experiencing are simply a sign something is wrong. Through collaboration I can help you.
You may be looking at this website because something has got out of hand, it isn’t quite right, you may be feeling overwhelmed, a bit stressed or anxious and experiencing feelings of being unable to cope. Perhaps your doctor, friend or another health therapist has suggested you consider talking through your dilemma to help seek clarity to see your situation from a different perspective. If this sounds like you then you have come to the right place and I may be able to help you gain understanding of your situation. The symptoms you are experiencing are simply a sign something is wrong. Through collaboration I can help you.
01260 540957 View 01260 540957
Photo of Gurpreet Kaur, Psychologist in Epsom, England
Gurpreet Kaur
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Epsom KT17  (Online Only)
If you are looking for help with anxiety, depression or feeling bad about yourself and find that you lack motivation, I can provide individual help. My specialist areas of expertise are working with Imposter Syndrome and anxiety. I also have a background working with other areas of interest such as PTSD, C-PTSD and trauma. I work in a compassionate, non-judgmental way that is clear and collaborative. Clients often choose me to work with as they find me 'normal, approachable and empathic'.
If you are looking for help with anxiety, depression or feeling bad about yourself and find that you lack motivation, I can provide individual help. My specialist areas of expertise are working with Imposter Syndrome and anxiety. I also have a background working with other areas of interest such as PTSD, C-PTSD and trauma. I work in a compassionate, non-judgmental way that is clear and collaborative. Clients often choose me to work with as they find me 'normal, approachable and empathic'.
01372 239671 View 01372 239671

See more therapy options for Epsom

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Epsom

70+

Average cost per session

£70

Counsellors in Epsom who prioritize treating:

97% Anxiety
95% Depression
91% Self Esteem
84% Relationship Issues
81% Stress
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aviva
71% Vitality
68% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Epsom see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Epsom?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.