Counselling in Woodstock

Photo of Ruth Chaloner - The Help Hub, MBACP, Counsellor
The Help Hub
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
We support adults who are either unable to access or cannot afford therapy who live in Oxfordshire.
We support adults who are either unable to access or cannot afford therapy who live in Oxfordshire.
01993 228512 View 01993 228512
Photo of Dr Helen Care, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Helen Care
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist who specialises in supporting children and young people through emotional, psychological and educational difficulties. I believe that young people and families have their own insight and skills. My job is to help unlock those skills and to build a toolkit for the future. I use evidence-based approaches to working through difficulties and finding solutions. I have been supporting families for many years and have worked with hundreds of children and young people around difficulties including anxiety, phobia, appearance and low mood.
I am an experienced Clinical Psychologist who specialises in supporting children and young people through emotional, psychological and educational difficulties. I believe that young people and families have their own insight and skills. My job is to help unlock those skills and to build a toolkit for the future. I use evidence-based approaches to working through difficulties and finding solutions. I have been supporting families for many years and have worked with hundreds of children and young people around difficulties including anxiety, phobia, appearance and low mood.
01993 223700 View 01993 223700
Photo of Kim Lee - The Childrens Consultancy, MA, PNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
The Childrens Consultancy
Psychotherapist, MA, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
The Practice is run by Kim S Lee Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist. Kim has worked with Children and Young people since 1978 and has been in clinical practice for nearly 40 years. He has worked as a consultant and trainer for many child care organizations, and also acts as an expert witness in family law matters. The service is for children and young people suffering with a wide range of psychological and mental health difficulties. The practice works alongside many other mental health and social care disciplines.
The Practice is run by Kim S Lee Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist. Kim has worked with Children and Young people since 1978 and has been in clinical practice for nearly 40 years. He has worked as a consultant and trainer for many child care organizations, and also acts as an expert witness in family law matters. The service is for children and young people suffering with a wide range of psychological and mental health difficulties. The practice works alongside many other mental health and social care disciplines.
01993 402090 View 01993 402090
Photo of Rose Tyler, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Rose Tyler
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
Hello and welcome to my profile page. I understand that sometimes it can be difficult to talk to friends and relatives about how you're feeling; I offer a non-judgmental, confidential, safe space in which you can explore your experiences and discuss problems and difficulties. Let's find a way forward together.
Hello and welcome to my profile page. I understand that sometimes it can be difficult to talk to friends and relatives about how you're feeling; I offer a non-judgmental, confidential, safe space in which you can explore your experiences and discuss problems and difficulties. Let's find a way forward together.
01295 235081 View 01295 235081
Photo of Lucy Butterwick, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Lucy Butterwick
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20  (Online Only)
I offer a safe confidential space for you to explore your problems and find the resources in yourself to move forward. Sessions are by video call using phone, tablet or computer. I work with a range of issues including anxiety, depression, stress and trauma and offer short and long term therapy. I have provided counselling for Mind, Berkshire NHS Talking Therapies, Oxford Men’s Counselling Service and Victims First Specialist Counselling Service. I am committed to working ethically in the interests of my clients. Please feel free to contact me by phone, text or email.
I offer a safe confidential space for you to explore your problems and find the resources in yourself to move forward. Sessions are by video call using phone, tablet or computer. I work with a range of issues including anxiety, depression, stress and trauma and offer short and long term therapy. I have provided counselling for Mind, Berkshire NHS Talking Therapies, Oxford Men’s Counselling Service and Victims First Specialist Counselling Service. I am committed to working ethically in the interests of my clients. Please feel free to contact me by phone, text or email.
01993 223679 View 01993 223679
Photo of Dilys Codrington, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Dilys Codrington
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodstock OX20  (Online Only)
It is really important to find the right therapist for you. At some point in our lives, most of us need an opportunity to share, explore, understand and accept our individual life experiences. Counselling can offer you that opportunity. I believe that there is nothing too big or too small to bring you to therapy. Sometimes our days are consumed managing the day to day and we often find it difficult to address the real issues. Therapy gives you the space to look at it all.
It is really important to find the right therapist for you. At some point in our lives, most of us need an opportunity to share, explore, understand and accept our individual life experiences. Counselling can offer you that opportunity. I believe that there is nothing too big or too small to bring you to therapy. Sometimes our days are consumed managing the day to day and we often find it difficult to address the real issues. Therapy gives you the space to look at it all.
07481 347093 View 07481 347093
Photo of Clare Byers, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Clare Byers
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
Facing a crossroads? Feeling stuck or uncertain? I wonder if a particular change, loss or relationship has left you disconnected from others? If you are experiencing prolonged anxiety, low mood or find yourself enduring a mixture of unsettling thoughts, sharing your story in a safe space may help you find a way forward. I endeavour to provide a warm and supportive listening relationship to enable you to explore aspects of your life causing worry, sadness or stress. Let yourself have an opportunity to talk things through, with the freedom to choose when you want to meet and how often.
Facing a crossroads? Feeling stuck or uncertain? I wonder if a particular change, loss or relationship has left you disconnected from others? If you are experiencing prolonged anxiety, low mood or find yourself enduring a mixture of unsettling thoughts, sharing your story in a safe space may help you find a way forward. I endeavour to provide a warm and supportive listening relationship to enable you to explore aspects of your life causing worry, sadness or stress. Let yourself have an opportunity to talk things through, with the freedom to choose when you want to meet and how often.
01993 402093 View 01993 402093
Photo of Flora Winchester, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Flora Winchester
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
Hello, and thank you for reading my profile. Are you looking for long-term, in-depth, psychotherapy? Or do you have a particular issue you need to explore in counselling? Perhaps you're a qualified practitioner looking for a clinical supervisor. I could be that person for you, if we find we are a good fit. Whichever best describes you, my work is underpinned with an understanding of spirituality as a personal jorney into the nature of suffering. I think of spirituality as a pathway to self-development. Specifically, I work with mindfulness and Buddhist psychology to explore your current state of being, in mind, body and spirit.
Hello, and thank you for reading my profile. Are you looking for long-term, in-depth, psychotherapy? Or do you have a particular issue you need to explore in counselling? Perhaps you're a qualified practitioner looking for a clinical supervisor. I could be that person for you, if we find we are a good fit. Whichever best describes you, my work is underpinned with an understanding of spirituality as a personal jorney into the nature of suffering. I think of spirituality as a pathway to self-development. Specifically, I work with mindfulness and Buddhist psychology to explore your current state of being, in mind, body and spirit.
07480 773129 View 07480 773129
Photo of Randy Ulland, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Randy Ulland
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
I am an integrative psychotherapist with a primary training in Psychosynthesis and secondary trainings in Sensorimotor Psychotherapy (Certified Practitioner), Internal Family Systems Psychotherapy (Levels 1-2) and EMDR (Levels 1-3). Drawing on the body, long history with Buddhist psychology and meditation practice, and over 12 years experience working with complex trauma in therapeutic communities in the NHS and the prison system, I work to help people reframe mental health difficulties as psychospiritual opportunities to deepen our relationships and maximise our potential.
I am an integrative psychotherapist with a primary training in Psychosynthesis and secondary trainings in Sensorimotor Psychotherapy (Certified Practitioner), Internal Family Systems Psychotherapy (Levels 1-2) and EMDR (Levels 1-3). Drawing on the body, long history with Buddhist psychology and meditation practice, and over 12 years experience working with complex trauma in therapeutic communities in the NHS and the prison system, I work to help people reframe mental health difficulties as psychospiritual opportunities to deepen our relationships and maximise our potential.
01865 951783 View 01865 951783
Photo of Carole Green, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Carole Green
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
There are often times when we need extra support with what life throws at us. It is my goal to provide you with the support you need at these difficult times. To help you identify and make changes in your life for the better. I provide a confidential space to explore and share your thoughts. There are all sorts of reasons why people come to therapy so please just ask if there is something you would like to talk about. Some of my areas of expertise include loss and bereavement, anxiety, depression, self harm, relationships and families, trauma / PTSD, sexual / domestic abuse, addictions (drug, alcohol, internet).
There are often times when we need extra support with what life throws at us. It is my goal to provide you with the support you need at these difficult times. To help you identify and make changes in your life for the better. I provide a confidential space to explore and share your thoughts. There are all sorts of reasons why people come to therapy so please just ask if there is something you would like to talk about. Some of my areas of expertise include loss and bereavement, anxiety, depression, self harm, relationships and families, trauma / PTSD, sexual / domestic abuse, addictions (drug, alcohol, internet).
01993 225861 View 01993 225861
Photo of Chloé Donohue, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Chloé Donohue
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20  (Online Only)
I believe that each person is unique. Therefore, therapy needs to be tailored to the individual. Some people may prefer an open space for them to talk, taking the time to reflect on their experiences, whereas others may need something more structured, with the hope of learning effective coping strategies. Some may want a bit of both. There is not a one size fits all. I draw from evidence-based modalities of therapy, such as CBT, DBT, Psychodynamic, and Person-Centered to create a therapeutic plan tailored to the client and their goals.
I believe that each person is unique. Therefore, therapy needs to be tailored to the individual. Some people may prefer an open space for them to talk, taking the time to reflect on their experiences, whereas others may need something more structured, with the hope of learning effective coping strategies. Some may want a bit of both. There is not a one size fits all. I draw from evidence-based modalities of therapy, such as CBT, DBT, Psychodynamic, and Person-Centered to create a therapeutic plan tailored to the client and their goals.
01993 221193 View 01993 221193
Photo of Kate Lloyd Morgan, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Kate Lloyd Morgan
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
You might be seeking therapy for a number of different reasons. Perhaps you’re finding the world a very uncertain place right now and are feeling overwhelmed. You might want to talk to someone who won’t judge you. Or you might find yourself in a crisis which is difficult to move on from. Perhaps you are looking for a space to have time to reflect on where you have got to in life and provide fresh impetus for personal growth. If you find yourself distressed, confused, seeking a change in direction or simply wanting someone to talk to, I can help. My own experience of therapy has shown me that struggles can be a catalyst for change.
You might be seeking therapy for a number of different reasons. Perhaps you’re finding the world a very uncertain place right now and are feeling overwhelmed. You might want to talk to someone who won’t judge you. Or you might find yourself in a crisis which is difficult to move on from. Perhaps you are looking for a space to have time to reflect on where you have got to in life and provide fresh impetus for personal growth. If you find yourself distressed, confused, seeking a change in direction or simply wanting someone to talk to, I can help. My own experience of therapy has shown me that struggles can be a catalyst for change.
01993 223709 View 01993 223709
Photo of Esther Jackson, MA, BPC, Psychotherapist
Esther Jackson
Psychotherapist, MA, BPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodstock OX20
Sometimes we can feel unhappy but not know why, or maybe we know why but feel unable to change. We may have physical symptoms but suspect that psychological factors underlie them. We might recognise behaviours in ourselves that may obstruct our capacity to work, or make and maintain relationships. Or we may have doubts about ourselves, an underlying feeling that we are not getting the most from life. Whatever the issue, talking can help make your problems clearer, enabling you to understand and resolve them better.
Sometimes we can feel unhappy but not know why, or maybe we know why but feel unable to change. We may have physical symptoms but suspect that psychological factors underlie them. We might recognise behaviours in ourselves that may obstruct our capacity to work, or make and maintain relationships. Or we may have doubts about ourselves, an underlying feeling that we are not getting the most from life. Whatever the issue, talking can help make your problems clearer, enabling you to understand and resolve them better.
020 3835 5499 View 020 3835 5499
Photo of Christabel Whiting, MBACP, Counsellor
Christabel Whiting
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
Hello, I am an integrative therapeutic counsellor and I am genuine, friendly and experienced in improving mental well being. I offer warmth, support, and a confidential space without judgment to listen to whatever is troubling you, whether it’s from the past, present or future. Life can present us with many challenges, and sometimes we need extra support to find our way through. Counselling can be transformative, helping to resolve issues, improve relationships, and develop greater self-awareness, resilience, and confidence. I help you to explore your world and work through the emotions, difficulties, or changes you are facing.
Hello, I am an integrative therapeutic counsellor and I am genuine, friendly and experienced in improving mental well being. I offer warmth, support, and a confidential space without judgment to listen to whatever is troubling you, whether it’s from the past, present or future. Life can present us with many challenges, and sometimes we need extra support to find our way through. Counselling can be transformative, helping to resolve issues, improve relationships, and develop greater self-awareness, resilience, and confidence. I help you to explore your world and work through the emotions, difficulties, or changes you are facing.
01993 225839 View 01993 225839
Photo of Henrietta Ray - Neurodiversity Affirming, MBACP, Counsellor
Henrietta Ray - Neurodiversity Affirming
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Woodstock OX20
Are your thoughts spinning so fast that focusing feels impossible? Do you find yourself cycling through anxiety, stress, and burnout? Overthinking may be taking a toll on your work, relationships, and overall well-being. While the pressure often comes from within, it can negatively impact many areas of your life, leading to procrastination, avoidance, and even unhealthy coping mechanisms like overeating, substance use, or addiction.
Are your thoughts spinning so fast that focusing feels impossible? Do you find yourself cycling through anxiety, stress, and burnout? Overthinking may be taking a toll on your work, relationships, and overall well-being. While the pressure often comes from within, it can negatively impact many areas of your life, leading to procrastination, avoidance, and even unhealthy coping mechanisms like overeating, substance use, or addiction.
020 3835 2894 View 020 3835 2894

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lisa Ann Bradford, BACP, Counsellor
Lisa Ann Bradford
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kidlington OX5
Life can be challenging and at times we may not have the capacity to deal with everything going on. I have created the garden room in Launton, the village I live in, where the outdoors comes in to promote healing. Private and overlooking its own garden, it’s a peaceful space within which to work through what is troubling you at this time.
Life can be challenging and at times we may not have the capacity to deal with everything going on. I have created the garden room in Launton, the village I live in, where the outdoors comes in to promote healing. Private and overlooking its own garden, it’s a peaceful space within which to work through what is troubling you at this time.
01869 943635 View 01869 943635
Photo of Jenny Lam, MSc, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Jenny Lam
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Kidlington OX5  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I'm an experienced and fully accredited (by the BABCP) Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist. I'm also a Clinical Supervisor with extensive experience supervising Trainee Clinical Psychologists, and Trainee/Qualified CBT Therapists. I've worked in the mental health sector since 2007 and have always been naturally impassionate about mental health. I've worked within the mental health charity sector, in Forensic Psychiatry, as a University Clinical Lecturer (training and supervising CBT Clinicians and Supervisors), in the private mental health sector and in the NHS as a CBT Psychotherapist,Clinical Supervisor and in leadership roles.
I'm an experienced and fully accredited (by the BABCP) Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist. I'm also a Clinical Supervisor with extensive experience supervising Trainee Clinical Psychologists, and Trainee/Qualified CBT Therapists. I've worked in the mental health sector since 2007 and have always been naturally impassionate about mental health. I've worked within the mental health charity sector, in Forensic Psychiatry, as a University Clinical Lecturer (training and supervising CBT Clinicians and Supervisors), in the private mental health sector and in the NHS as a CBT Psychotherapist,Clinical Supervisor and in leadership roles.
01869 943692 View 01869 943692
Photo of Sacha Barlow, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Sacha Barlow
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Yarnton OX5
People come to therapy for all sorts of reasons, and often when life has not been easy. Choosing a therapy, and a therapist often adds to the confusion of obstacles to be overcome at such a difficult time. I am a fully qualified and accredited counsellor and psychotherapist and qualified supervisor of other therapists. I do not claim to have the answers, but I can offer you a quiet calm space in which you can take time to explore your life with someone who is non judgemental and who wants to support you in your goals.
People come to therapy for all sorts of reasons, and often when life has not been easy. Choosing a therapy, and a therapist often adds to the confusion of obstacles to be overcome at such a difficult time. I am a fully qualified and accredited counsellor and psychotherapist and qualified supervisor of other therapists. I do not claim to have the answers, but I can offer you a quiet calm space in which you can take time to explore your life with someone who is non judgemental and who wants to support you in your goals.
01865 411328 View 01865 411328
Photo of Alberto Congosto Nunez, PsychD, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Alberto Congosto Nunez
Counsellor, PsychD, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Kidlington OX5
There are times in life when some people may experience overwhelming feelings and behaviours that can persist even with the support of friends and loved ones. I'm a qualified accredited practitioner based in Oxford, UK. I have a solid track record of positive changes affirmed by my clients. I offer a consistent, competent and affordable service to all my clients regardless of their world views, cultural diversity and other factors. I help my clients resolve the challenges they may be dealing with or issues which are troubling them using a combined approach to therapy that best matches their characteristics and preferences.
There are times in life when some people may experience overwhelming feelings and behaviours that can persist even with the support of friends and loved ones. I'm a qualified accredited practitioner based in Oxford, UK. I have a solid track record of positive changes affirmed by my clients. I offer a consistent, competent and affordable service to all my clients regardless of their world views, cultural diversity and other factors. I help my clients resolve the challenges they may be dealing with or issues which are troubling them using a combined approach to therapy that best matches their characteristics and preferences.
01865 953384 View 01865 953384
Photo of Sheila Drexler, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Sheila Drexler
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Witney OX29  (Online Only)
Hello! I am a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist with over 10 years experience in the field of mental health. I have worked with a number of charities and counselling organisations, with a strong focus on supporting people dealing with anxiety, work/university stress, health issues, depression and trauma. I have a particular interest in for working with perinatal issues (birth trauma, postnatal depression, IVF and fertility, miscarriage, new parenthood). My goal is to help clients gain a stronger understanding of what is troubling them so that they can take the steps needed to start feeling better.
Hello! I am a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist with over 10 years experience in the field of mental health. I have worked with a number of charities and counselling organisations, with a strong focus on supporting people dealing with anxiety, work/university stress, health issues, depression and trauma. I have a particular interest in for working with perinatal issues (birth trauma, postnatal depression, IVF and fertility, miscarriage, new parenthood). My goal is to help clients gain a stronger understanding of what is troubling them so that they can take the steps needed to start feeling better.
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See more therapy options for Woodstock

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Woodstock

10+

Average cost per session

£63

Counsellors in Woodstock who prioritize treating:

93% Depression
93% Anxiety
93% Self Esteem
87% Relationship Issues
80% Self-Harming
73% Stress
73% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aviva
50% AXA PPP
50% Vitality

How Counsellors in Woodstock see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Woodstock?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.