Counselling in Thornaby

Photo of Raj Muirhead, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Raj Muirhead
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I am an experienced psychotherapist and have worked with a wide range of complex trauma, abuse, loss, work related stress and mental health issues. I have an integrative approach to my work and tailor the work to suit your needs. I have a strong belief in every individual being able to manage themselves with the appropriate resources and being able to change the repeating negative patterns or behaviours in their lives, personal and work relationships.
I am an experienced psychotherapist and have worked with a wide range of complex trauma, abuse, loss, work related stress and mental health issues. I have an integrative approach to my work and tailor the work to suit your needs. I have a strong belief in every individual being able to manage themselves with the appropriate resources and being able to change the repeating negative patterns or behaviours in their lives, personal and work relationships.
01642 573297 View 01642 573297
Photo of Cheryl Fenech-Soler, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Cheryl Fenech-Soler
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Cheryl, a UKCP-accredited Integrative Psychotherapist and Transactional Analysis specialist based in Stockton-on-Tees. I work with adults and children experiencing anxiety, trauma, low mood, eating distress and grief. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where you can explore what’s going on beneath the surface and work towards healing and growth My approach is flexible and tailored to what you need, combining different therapy methods to help you understand yourself better and build the skills to manage life’s challenges. If this feels like the right support, I offer a free, no-obligation introductory call
Hi, I’m Cheryl, a UKCP-accredited Integrative Psychotherapist and Transactional Analysis specialist based in Stockton-on-Tees. I work with adults and children experiencing anxiety, trauma, low mood, eating distress and grief. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where you can explore what’s going on beneath the surface and work towards healing and growth My approach is flexible and tailored to what you need, combining different therapy methods to help you understand yourself better and build the skills to manage life’s challenges. If this feels like the right support, I offer a free, no-obligation introductory call
01642 053068 View 01642 053068
Photo of Lisa Anne Tomlinson, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Lisa Anne Tomlinson
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I enjoy working with a variety of clients with a range of difficulties. However, I practically find it meaningful to work with early childhood trauma and to help clients be able to heal from those early emotional wounds that have impacted on their lives in a variety of ways, I find that many issues link to early childhood, even when clients describe their childhood as a good one with healthy relationships. However, I am open to working with clients in the way that feels most comfortable to them, and can be flexible and listen to their feedback on this.
I enjoy working with a variety of clients with a range of difficulties. However, I practically find it meaningful to work with early childhood trauma and to help clients be able to heal from those early emotional wounds that have impacted on their lives in a variety of ways, I find that many issues link to early childhood, even when clients describe their childhood as a good one with healthy relationships. However, I am open to working with clients in the way that feels most comfortable to them, and can be flexible and listen to their feedback on this.
01642 053687 View 01642 053687
Photo of Nicola Jayne Arceri, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Nicola Jayne Arceri
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
My counselling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe one size fits all! I am experienced in working with a wide range of issues including relationship issues, depression, anxiety, coping with addictions, attention-deficit disorder, trauma, bereavement and loss, anger management amongst other concerns I also help many people who have experienced sexual abuse, rape and domestic violence or that live with personality disorders
My counselling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe one size fits all! I am experienced in working with a wide range of issues including relationship issues, depression, anxiety, coping with addictions, attention-deficit disorder, trauma, bereavement and loss, anger management amongst other concerns I also help many people who have experienced sexual abuse, rape and domestic violence or that live with personality disorders
01642 130408 View 01642 130408
Photo of Yekaterina Ritchie - Tees Valley Therapy Space, Counsellor, MBACP
Tees Valley Therapy Space
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Together, we can turn challenges into strength. You may be living with anxiety, low mood, self-doubt, low confidence, or feeling stuck in patterns that repeat despite your best intentions. Perhaps you are navigating a major life transition, grieving a loss, or carrying the weight of unresolved past trauma. At Tees Valley Therapy Space, I provide a confidential, safe, and non-judgmental environment to explore your feelings and experiences. You will receive validation, understanding, and empathy. Here, we’ll work together to uncover your strengths, build resilience and healthy coping strategies, and move forward with confidence.
Together, we can turn challenges into strength. You may be living with anxiety, low mood, self-doubt, low confidence, or feeling stuck in patterns that repeat despite your best intentions. Perhaps you are navigating a major life transition, grieving a loss, or carrying the weight of unresolved past trauma. At Tees Valley Therapy Space, I provide a confidential, safe, and non-judgmental environment to explore your feelings and experiences. You will receive validation, understanding, and empathy. Here, we’ll work together to uncover your strengths, build resilience and healthy coping strategies, and move forward with confidence.
01642 053587 View 01642 053587

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sean Mellor, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Sean Mellor
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
As a dedicated CBT and EMDR therapist, I am committed to helping my clients. Through evidence-based therapeutic techniques and a compassionate, non-judgmental approach, I work collaboratively with clients to empower them to create positive change in their lives. I help clients identify and challenge negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to anxiety, depression, and other mental health difficulties. By teaching clients effective coping strategies and skills, I empower them to manage their emotions and behaviours in a healthier way.
As a dedicated CBT and EMDR therapist, I am committed to helping my clients. Through evidence-based therapeutic techniques and a compassionate, non-judgmental approach, I work collaboratively with clients to empower them to create positive change in their lives. I help clients identify and challenge negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to anxiety, depression, and other mental health difficulties. By teaching clients effective coping strategies and skills, I empower them to manage their emotions and behaviours in a healthier way.
01388 217366 View 01388 217366
Photo of Dr Charlotte Smith, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Charlotte Smith
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Yarm TS15
Are you feeling overwhelmed by physical or mental health problems or weight? Does your body or mind feel out of your control? Perhaps you've been diagnosed with a new condition or can't get your head round an existing one? Are any of these issues impacting on your emotions or relationships with others? I can help. I value supporting people with finding their own path, standing out from the crowd, building connection and relationships. I am not a fixer and I don't have all the answers, although I know that I am OK to sit with people in chaos. I strongly believe people can be empowered to find their own way, on their own terms.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by physical or mental health problems or weight? Does your body or mind feel out of your control? Perhaps you've been diagnosed with a new condition or can't get your head round an existing one? Are any of these issues impacting on your emotions or relationships with others? I can help. I value supporting people with finding their own path, standing out from the crowd, building connection and relationships. I am not a fixer and I don't have all the answers, although I know that I am OK to sit with people in chaos. I strongly believe people can be empowered to find their own way, on their own terms.
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Photo of Leila Bouhanani - The Wellbeing Hub, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
The Wellbeing Hub
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Is anxiety or low mood affecting your life and relationships? Do you feel stuck and unsure how to move forward? I offer a free telephone consultation so we can discuss how I can help you take back control and move forward in your life. My name is Leila and I am a qualified counsellor and clinical hypnotherapist with extensive experience of dealing with a range of complex and diverse issues. I am here to support you by offering a warm, empathic, non-judgemental space in which you can safely explore your thoughts and feelings.
Is anxiety or low mood affecting your life and relationships? Do you feel stuck and unsure how to move forward? I offer a free telephone consultation so we can discuss how I can help you take back control and move forward in your life. My name is Leila and I am a qualified counsellor and clinical hypnotherapist with extensive experience of dealing with a range of complex and diverse issues. I am here to support you by offering a warm, empathic, non-judgemental space in which you can safely explore your thoughts and feelings.
01325 796835 View 01325 796835
Julie Jackson
Counsellor, COSRT Accred
The relationship between a couple is unique. I offer an initial assessment session to begin to understand your relationship dynamics and the context of the issues which you are experiencing. My role is to be impartial, to listen to you and to offer you effective therapy and practical tools which will enable you to release destructive, fixed perspectives and to make real progress. Therapy can be an emotional journey, but it can also be a positive one.
The relationship between a couple is unique. I offer an initial assessment session to begin to understand your relationship dynamics and the context of the issues which you are experiencing. My role is to be impartial, to listen to you and to offer you effective therapy and practical tools which will enable you to release destructive, fixed perspectives and to make real progress. Therapy can be an emotional journey, but it can also be a positive one.
01642 056996 View 01642 056996
Photo of Deborah English, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Deborah English
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Offices based in Sunderland & Easington. Are you experiencing life changes that are causing you stress, low moods and anxiety? Are you struggling with your mental health? Are you struggling with past trauma? Perhaps your using substances or alcohol to cope with life’s pressures that are spiralling out of control? Do you feel ready to talk, explore and work through your issues in a safe and confidential space? I can help you address your concerns without any judgement and at your own pace while building a trusting authentic therapeutic relationship.
Offices based in Sunderland & Easington. Are you experiencing life changes that are causing you stress, low moods and anxiety? Are you struggling with your mental health? Are you struggling with past trauma? Perhaps your using substances or alcohol to cope with life’s pressures that are spiralling out of control? Do you feel ready to talk, explore and work through your issues in a safe and confidential space? I can help you address your concerns without any judgement and at your own pace while building a trusting authentic therapeutic relationship.
0191 743 6562 View 0191 743 6562
Photo of Alison Stocks - Ronnoc's counselling service, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Ronnoc's counselling service
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Hi my name is Alison I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor, who uses an integrative, person centred approach to counselling. I adopt this approach to provide an unique opportunity to help you to explore those feelings of being overwhelmed. especially after a bereavement or loss. We can explore ways to help you to identify your issues and unravel your thoughts and feelings which in turn can help you to alter your behaviour and regulate your emotions. This will empower you to strive forwards in your life and improve your well being.
Hi my name is Alison I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor, who uses an integrative, person centred approach to counselling. I adopt this approach to provide an unique opportunity to help you to explore those feelings of being overwhelmed. especially after a bereavement or loss. We can explore ways to help you to identify your issues and unravel your thoughts and feelings which in turn can help you to alter your behaviour and regulate your emotions. This will empower you to strive forwards in your life and improve your well being.
01325 808567 View 01325 808567
Photo of Dr Sally Conway, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Sally Conway
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Waitlist for new clients
I offer gentle therapy and coaching for sensitive adults who have lost themselves through difficult life events, prolonged stress, or years of people-pleasing. When you’ve learned to adapt, stay quiet, or put your own needs aside to feel safe or fit in, you may feel overwhelmed, stuck in repeating patterns, or disconnected from your true self and your deeper needs. Together we'll work at the pace of your nervous system, helping you heal old wounds and restore inner balance by reconnecting with your inner wisdom and reclaiming your authentic self. You don’t need fixing, just a supportive space where you can remember who you are.
I offer gentle therapy and coaching for sensitive adults who have lost themselves through difficult life events, prolonged stress, or years of people-pleasing. When you’ve learned to adapt, stay quiet, or put your own needs aside to feel safe or fit in, you may feel overwhelmed, stuck in repeating patterns, or disconnected from your true self and your deeper needs. Together we'll work at the pace of your nervous system, helping you heal old wounds and restore inner balance by reconnecting with your inner wisdom and reclaiming your authentic self. You don’t need fixing, just a supportive space where you can remember who you are.
01642 130004 View 01642 130004
Photo of Charlotte Dunkel - Fresh Start Psychological Services , Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Fresh Start Psychological Services
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I'm Charlotte a Qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I have over 10 years experience working within NHS Talking Therapies services, both as a low intensity Psychological Wellbeing practitioner and a High Intensity Therapist. I have experience working with adults with a range of mental health difficulties including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and Social Phobia. More recently I have undertaken training in Interpersonal Therapy for Depression (IPT) and currently working towards accreditation in this modality.
I'm Charlotte a Qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist. I have over 10 years experience working within NHS Talking Therapies services, both as a low intensity Psychological Wellbeing practitioner and a High Intensity Therapist. I have experience working with adults with a range of mental health difficulties including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and Social Phobia. More recently I have undertaken training in Interpersonal Therapy for Depression (IPT) and currently working towards accreditation in this modality.
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Photo of Dr Jill Rayner, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Jill Rayner
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
I work with adults of any age to help them reach their goals and improve their mental health and well being. I am interested in helping people with a range of difficulties including low mood, anxiety, adjustment and relational difficulties.
I work with adults of any age to help them reach their goals and improve their mental health and well being. I am interested in helping people with a range of difficulties including low mood, anxiety, adjustment and relational difficulties.
01325 605088 View 01325 605088
Photo of Jamie Gibbons - Jamie Gibbons Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Jamie Gibbons Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Durham DH1
You might be here because something in your life feels heavy, tangled, or out of balance. Maybe you’ve been coping for a long time, but the cost is starting to show in your body, your relationships, or the quiet moments when everything catches up with you. I’m Jamie, a psychotherapeutic counsellor, I help people make sense of what’s happening inside them, especially when the old ways of coping stop working. I bring over two decades of leadership and coaching into my therapeutic work this includes, years of supporting people through; pressure, transition, and quiet overwhelm. Alongside this, my counselling experience ac
You might be here because something in your life feels heavy, tangled, or out of balance. Maybe you’ve been coping for a long time, but the cost is starting to show in your body, your relationships, or the quiet moments when everything catches up with you. I’m Jamie, a psychotherapeutic counsellor, I help people make sense of what’s happening inside them, especially when the old ways of coping stop working. I bring over two decades of leadership and coaching into my therapeutic work this includes, years of supporting people through; pressure, transition, and quiet overwhelm. Alongside this, my counselling experience ac
0191 743 4937 View 0191 743 4937
Photo of Gail Marie Hickman, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Gail Marie Hickman
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist delivering a variety of therapies in Darlington. My aim is to offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore your current difficulties thereby, facilitating your journey to improved well-being and happiness. I believe the key element for positive therapy is a good therapeutic relationship between my clients and myself. Therapy is designed to meet your individual needs and at a pace that is appropriate to your needs. Initial appointments are offered at a reduced rate in order for you to decide whether therapy is right for you at this time.
I am a qualified Counselling Psychologist delivering a variety of therapies in Darlington. My aim is to offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore your current difficulties thereby, facilitating your journey to improved well-being and happiness. I believe the key element for positive therapy is a good therapeutic relationship between my clients and myself. Therapy is designed to meet your individual needs and at a pace that is appropriate to your needs. Initial appointments are offered at a reduced rate in order for you to decide whether therapy is right for you at this time.
01325 525733 View 01325 525733
Photo of Andrea Sutton, Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Andrea Sutton
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
3 Endorsed
Whether you are struggling with a specific issue, low mood or a desire to make sense of life, I am here to help. Through our therapeutic relationship, you will have the opportunity to better understand your life experiences and the dynamics of your relationships. You will be able to develop more compassion for yourself, build greater emotional resilience, let go of past pain and bring forth your innate wisdom and strength to rediscover your authentic self.
Whether you are struggling with a specific issue, low mood or a desire to make sense of life, I am here to help. Through our therapeutic relationship, you will have the opportunity to better understand your life experiences and the dynamics of your relationships. You will be able to develop more compassion for yourself, build greater emotional resilience, let go of past pain and bring forth your innate wisdom and strength to rediscover your authentic self.
01325 808521 View 01325 808521
Photo of Dr Kelly Jayne, Psychotherapist, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap.
Dr Kelly Jayne
Psychotherapist, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap.
I am a doctor in Art Psychotherapy and specialize in working with people who have experienced complex trauma. I also have training in Mindfulness, NLP, I'm psychoanalytically informed, and am currently embarking on accredited EMDR training. I am person-centred, and have a compassion approach. I am also qualified to provide Clinical Supervision and Consultancy. I provide sessions online, or in person on request.
I am a doctor in Art Psychotherapy and specialize in working with people who have experienced complex trauma. I also have training in Mindfulness, NLP, I'm psychoanalytically informed, and am currently embarking on accredited EMDR training. I am person-centred, and have a compassion approach. I am also qualified to provide Clinical Supervision and Consultancy. I provide sessions online, or in person on request.
01287 555568 View 01287 555568
Photo of Jane louise Hupston - Counselling by Jane & Animal Assisted Therapy, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Counselling by Jane & Animal Assisted Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
"Accredited Integrative Therapist offering compassionate support. Explore your thoughts & feelings to uncover underlying issues & develop coping strategies. Gain self-awareness, confidence & empowerment. Animal Assisted Therapy available - promotes relaxation, reduces stress & blood pressure. Therapy pets sit with you throughout sessions. Trained in Rewind Therapy & EMDR for trauma. Friendly, approachable & supportive. Confidential sessions for all ages. Supervision/guidance available for therapists & Supervisors. In person or online. Awards: Best Psychotherapy Clinic 2024, Best Family Counsellor 2025
"Accredited Integrative Therapist offering compassionate support. Explore your thoughts & feelings to uncover underlying issues & develop coping strategies. Gain self-awareness, confidence & empowerment. Animal Assisted Therapy available - promotes relaxation, reduces stress & blood pressure. Therapy pets sit with you throughout sessions. Trained in Rewind Therapy & EMDR for trauma. Friendly, approachable & supportive. Confidential sessions for all ages. Supervision/guidance available for therapists & Supervisors. In person or online. Awards: Best Psychotherapy Clinic 2024, Best Family Counsellor 2025
01723 333046 View 01723 333046
Photo of Beverley Ann D'Arcy - Changing Minds Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Changing Minds Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Leyburn DL8
17 years as a psychotherapist providing therapy to people with complex and enduring mental health problems (mainly NHS) and clients with mild to moderate mental health issues referred by organisations. I carry out in depth assessments, quickly identify key issues and tailor therapy according to client need. I offer a confidential setting where clients are free to talk without fear of rejection, criticism of blame. I aim to provide someone with resources they can draw on to manage current and future anxiety, stresses, disabling symptoms and unstable moods.
17 years as a psychotherapist providing therapy to people with complex and enduring mental health problems (mainly NHS) and clients with mild to moderate mental health issues referred by organisations. I carry out in depth assessments, quickly identify key issues and tailor therapy according to client need. I offer a confidential setting where clients are free to talk without fear of rejection, criticism of blame. I aim to provide someone with resources they can draw on to manage current and future anxiety, stresses, disabling symptoms and unstable moods.
01969 607005 View 01969 607005

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Thornaby

< 10

Counsellors in Thornaby who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Stress
80% Eating Disorders
80% Addiction
80% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aviva
50% AXA PPP
50% WPA

How Counsellors in Thornaby see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Thornaby?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.