Counselling in Swindon

Photo of Nicoleta Sandu, Counsellor, BACP
Nicoleta Sandu
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Online/phone sessions available. Hello and warm welcome. Do you want to UNDERSTAND YOURSELF better and BE UNDERSTOOD? When talking about their difficulties, in a safe and caring space, many people find a WAY FORWARD through their struggles. You deserve to live a life full of passion and joy! Do not let your anxiety, depression, self-limiting beliefs, or your damaging thoughts limit your potential, impede your creativity and freedom of expression, or stop you from becoming what you are meant to be in the world!
Online/phone sessions available. Hello and warm welcome. Do you want to UNDERSTAND YOURSELF better and BE UNDERSTOOD? When talking about their difficulties, in a safe and caring space, many people find a WAY FORWARD through their struggles. You deserve to live a life full of passion and joy! Do not let your anxiety, depression, self-limiting beliefs, or your damaging thoughts limit your potential, impede your creativity and freedom of expression, or stop you from becoming what you are meant to be in the world!
01384 437031 View 01384 437031
Photo of Lindsay Grant - 1st For CBT, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1st For CBT
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Swindon SN5
1st for CBT is a therapy service that uses Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) & Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) to tackle symptoms for a range of Mental Health conditions. CBT is an evidenced and skill-based therapy which looks at understanding the links between our thoughts (cognitions), feelings (emotions) and actions (behaviours). Our aim is to help and support all individuals live the life that they would like too, without the burden of negative thoughts and unhelpful behaviours getting in the way. We are proud to specialise in adapting CBT for developmental conditions such as autism and ADHD.
1st for CBT is a therapy service that uses Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) & Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) to tackle symptoms for a range of Mental Health conditions. CBT is an evidenced and skill-based therapy which looks at understanding the links between our thoughts (cognitions), feelings (emotions) and actions (behaviours). Our aim is to help and support all individuals live the life that they would like too, without the burden of negative thoughts and unhelpful behaviours getting in the way. We are proud to specialise in adapting CBT for developmental conditions such as autism and ADHD.
01793 378012 View 01793 378012
Photo of Maxine O'Brien - Maxine O'Brien Sex & Relationship Counsellor, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Maxine O'Brien Sex & Relationship Counsellor
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Swindon SN2
This is an extremely troubling time, I am experienced in working online. I work with Individuals and couples with anxiety, depression and finding ways of coping. Talking about sex, sexuality and relationships can be extremely difficult. Our own feelings of shame can keep us feeling trapped and feel that there is nowhere to go. I offer a non judgemental space to be able to talk sensitively working to resolve issues. We will agree the focus of the work from the outset and keep this in mind throughout the journey together. We will work together to facilitate change in the areas you feel are needed.
This is an extremely troubling time, I am experienced in working online. I work with Individuals and couples with anxiety, depression and finding ways of coping. Talking about sex, sexuality and relationships can be extremely difficult. Our own feelings of shame can keep us feeling trapped and feel that there is nowhere to go. I offer a non judgemental space to be able to talk sensitively working to resolve issues. We will agree the focus of the work from the outset and keep this in mind throughout the journey together. We will work together to facilitate change in the areas you feel are needed.
01793 236275 View 01793 236275
Photo of Carrie McColl - Counselling with Carrie, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Counselling with Carrie
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Swindon SN2
Hi from me, Carrie, and thanks for considering counselling with me. I know how daunting it is to see all these profiles of people wanting to help! When you’re struggling with life, choosing someone and making contact can be a tough first step. Well done for getting this far! I’m a qualified counsellor and I’ve worked with all sorts of stuff- Anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism, loss, relationship issues, low self-esteem, trauma and more. I’m here to listen to whatever you need to talk about, to find a new perspective or a way through whatever is troubling you. I’m a safe, non-judgemental person and I will hear you.
Hi from me, Carrie, and thanks for considering counselling with me. I know how daunting it is to see all these profiles of people wanting to help! When you’re struggling with life, choosing someone and making contact can be a tough first step. Well done for getting this far! I’m a qualified counsellor and I’ve worked with all sorts of stuff- Anxiety, depression, ADHD, Autism, loss, relationship issues, low self-esteem, trauma and more. I’m here to listen to whatever you need to talk about, to find a new perspective or a way through whatever is troubling you. I’m a safe, non-judgemental person and I will hear you.
01793 540871 View 01793 540871
Photo of Tanya Orr, Counsellor, SNCPS Acc.
Tanya Orr
Counsellor, SNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Swindon SN4
Hello, my name is Tanya. As a counsellor- psychotherapist for over 25 years and a supervisor for 15, I continue to see how helpful counselling can be. Are you finding life tough, trying to deal with stress, anxiety, loss, feeling low or depressed or the impact of spiritual issues, chronic health conditions, or abuse and trauma? I am sorry you are having to struggle - life can get us down and sometimes the most courageous thing we can do is to seek some support. In our first session you can tell me what you are dealing with and see if it feels ok to work with me.
Hello, my name is Tanya. As a counsellor- psychotherapist for over 25 years and a supervisor for 15, I continue to see how helpful counselling can be. Are you finding life tough, trying to deal with stress, anxiety, loss, feeling low or depressed or the impact of spiritual issues, chronic health conditions, or abuse and trauma? I am sorry you are having to struggle - life can get us down and sometimes the most courageous thing we can do is to seek some support. In our first session you can tell me what you are dealing with and see if it feels ok to work with me.
01793 540410 View 01793 540410
Photo of Susan Jennings, Counsellor, MBACP
Susan Jennings
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Swindon SN25
Are you experiencing depression, anxiety or just not feeling yourself? Counselling can ease the depression and unlock any distress you are feeling. My style of counselling can also help you to change any patterns of behaviour that are not working for you and improve your relationships with friends, colleagues, partners or family members. I work in Swindon and Oxford. I have over 25 years experience in the social and charity sector. I am DBS checked and a member of the BACP.
Are you experiencing depression, anxiety or just not feeling yourself? Counselling can ease the depression and unlock any distress you are feeling. My style of counselling can also help you to change any patterns of behaviour that are not working for you and improve your relationships with friends, colleagues, partners or family members. I work in Swindon and Oxford. I have over 25 years experience in the social and charity sector. I am DBS checked and a member of the BACP.
01793 540714 View 01793 540714
Photo of Dr Lucinda Stirton, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Lucinda Stirton
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Swindon SN25
Life can be difficult, and humans are complex beings. It’s not surprising we can end up feeling unhappy, lost or overwhelmed. Dealing with emotions is an important part of self-care and counselling can equip you with the awareness and tools to be kinder to yourself. People often choose to have therapy when things go wrong, but you don’t have to be in crisis.
Life can be difficult, and humans are complex beings. It’s not surprising we can end up feeling unhappy, lost or overwhelmed. Dealing with emotions is an important part of self-care and counselling can equip you with the awareness and tools to be kinder to yourself. People often choose to have therapy when things go wrong, but you don’t have to be in crisis.
01793 569637 View 01793 569637
Photo of Marianne Le Coyte Grinney, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Marianne Le Coyte Grinney
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
If you are reading this you may be wishing for something in your life, family or relationship to be different. I too was looking for difference when I first began my Systemic Psychotherapy training. My name is Marianne Le Coyte Grinney and I am a Family and Systemic Psychotherapist: I believe 'the person is never the problem' and that people are best understood within systems, for example their family, work and social life. My therapeutic posture aims not to apportion blame, but to support individual and collective change within a safe and supportive environment. I do not hope to provide answers, but to facilitate change through
If you are reading this you may be wishing for something in your life, family or relationship to be different. I too was looking for difference when I first began my Systemic Psychotherapy training. My name is Marianne Le Coyte Grinney and I am a Family and Systemic Psychotherapist: I believe 'the person is never the problem' and that people are best understood within systems, for example their family, work and social life. My therapeutic posture aims not to apportion blame, but to support individual and collective change within a safe and supportive environment. I do not hope to provide answers, but to facilitate change through
01793 378026 View 01793 378026
Photo of Eleanor Snowden - Snowden Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Snowden Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Swindon SN2
I am an experienced counsellor working with adults and young people aged 16 upwards. I support clients who present with a variety of issues and concerns. Some of these include anxiety and depression, self-esteem, work stress, bereavement and problems with family relationships or difficult life events. I work with each individual client in the best way for them, using a variety of counselling techniques to support them in their journey, well as looking at ways forward and any goals they may want to achieve.
I am an experienced counsellor working with adults and young people aged 16 upwards. I support clients who present with a variety of issues and concerns. Some of these include anxiety and depression, self-esteem, work stress, bereavement and problems with family relationships or difficult life events. I work with each individual client in the best way for them, using a variety of counselling techniques to support them in their journey, well as looking at ways forward and any goals they may want to achieve.
01793 379595 View 01793 379595
Photo of Naomi Ackland, Counsellor, BACP
Naomi Ackland
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Swindon SN3
You are not alone on this journey. Seeking support is a courageous and vital step, and I’m here to guide you. I’m Naomi, an integrative counsellor dedicated to helping you navigate life’s challenges and discover your inner strength.
You are not alone on this journey. Seeking support is a courageous and vital step, and I’m here to guide you. I’m Naomi, an integrative counsellor dedicated to helping you navigate life’s challenges and discover your inner strength.
01793 569546 View 01793 569546
Photo of Katrina Flood, Counsellor, MBACP
Katrina Flood
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Swindon SN2
Are you wanting your voice to be truly heard? Do you need someone to really listen to how you are feeling, and not be told how you should or should not feel? Or perhaps you would like someone to give you time and space to just be who you need to be, during what might be a difficult time for you right now. I understand how challenging it can be to share your thoughts and feelings with a complete stranger, to share something that you may feel you are going to be judged on, or perhaps no-one will understand. I also offer supervison for practicing counsellors and have a passion working with students.
Are you wanting your voice to be truly heard? Do you need someone to really listen to how you are feeling, and not be told how you should or should not feel? Or perhaps you would like someone to give you time and space to just be who you need to be, during what might be a difficult time for you right now. I understand how challenging it can be to share your thoughts and feelings with a complete stranger, to share something that you may feel you are going to be judged on, or perhaps no-one will understand. I also offer supervison for practicing counsellors and have a passion working with students.
01793 953043 View 01793 953043
Photo of Theresa Bell, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Theresa Bell
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Swindon SN4
I offer Clinical Supervision and Counselling. My background is in education, providing support for students from Primary, Secondary, Sixth Form/College, and University. While working with a diverse range of people, I have received specialist training for working with students and adults with Autism, ADHD, Asperger's and challenging behaviour. I have also previously worked in a Specialist Autistic (SRP) unit. I also work with adults and those that have received a late diagnosis to help accept, adjust and make sense of this impact on their lives and that of their family.
I offer Clinical Supervision and Counselling. My background is in education, providing support for students from Primary, Secondary, Sixth Form/College, and University. While working with a diverse range of people, I have received specialist training for working with students and adults with Autism, ADHD, Asperger's and challenging behaviour. I have also previously worked in a Specialist Autistic (SRP) unit. I also work with adults and those that have received a late diagnosis to help accept, adjust and make sense of this impact on their lives and that of their family.
01793 379659 View 01793 379659
Photo of Marianne Northam, Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Marianne Northam
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Swindon SN1
I have many years of experience of working with teenagers, adults, senior citizens and couples to help them explore, understand and , hopefully, resolve the issues that have caused them to seek counselling support. I offer an initial 30 minute introductory session
I have many years of experience of working with teenagers, adults, senior citizens and couples to help them explore, understand and , hopefully, resolve the issues that have caused them to seek counselling support. I offer an initial 30 minute introductory session
01793 569270 View 01793 569270
Photo of Laura Jasmine Heads - L H Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
L H Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life can be chaotic and fast-moving and sometimes it can be difficult to take a step back from it all or take time out to make sure that we're looking after ourselves. I aim to offer a service where you can be authentically yourself, free of judgment, and step away from the chaos for a little while. You can bring anything which is on your mind to our counselling sessions together. I offer open-ended therapy; I will be here for you as long as you need me to be and I aim to build a relationship with you where you are able to become more confident and feel you are able to become the best version of yourself.
Life can be chaotic and fast-moving and sometimes it can be difficult to take a step back from it all or take time out to make sure that we're looking after ourselves. I aim to offer a service where you can be authentically yourself, free of judgment, and step away from the chaos for a little while. You can bring anything which is on your mind to our counselling sessions together. I offer open-ended therapy; I will be here for you as long as you need me to be and I aim to build a relationship with you where you are able to become more confident and feel you are able to become the best version of yourself.
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Photo of Tessa Kate Spackman, Counsellor, BACP
Tessa Kate Spackman
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Swindon SN3
Life presents us with many challenges, and I'm here to support you through whatever you're facing. Through my experience, I've supported people through anxiety, depression, and various forms of addiction. I've supported those dealing with trauma, loss, and relationship difficulties. I also bring extensive experience in supporting those affected by domestic abuse, and working with neurodiverse clients. Whatever you're struggling with—whether it's something I've mentioned or not—please reach out for an initial conversation. Together we can explore whether I'm the right person to support you on your journey.
Life presents us with many challenges, and I'm here to support you through whatever you're facing. Through my experience, I've supported people through anxiety, depression, and various forms of addiction. I've supported those dealing with trauma, loss, and relationship difficulties. I also bring extensive experience in supporting those affected by domestic abuse, and working with neurodiverse clients. Whatever you're struggling with—whether it's something I've mentioned or not—please reach out for an initial conversation. Together we can explore whether I'm the right person to support you on your journey.
01793 569793 View 01793 569793
Photo of Elizabeth Ewart - The Feelings Hub Ltd, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
The Feelings Hub Ltd
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Swindon SN2
Not accepting new clients
I offer compassion and kindness when you are struggling with fear, shame and sadness. I have 10 years experience working with adults, children and young people in schools, charities and now I work fully in private practice. I’ve seen people go from strength to strength even in the most difficult situations. I’ve worked with people from all sectors of society and diversity is an important value to me as I appreciate everyone for their individuality and want you to feel truly understood and valued feeling a sense of belonging.
I offer compassion and kindness when you are struggling with fear, shame and sadness. I have 10 years experience working with adults, children and young people in schools, charities and now I work fully in private practice. I’ve seen people go from strength to strength even in the most difficult situations. I’ve worked with people from all sectors of society and diversity is an important value to me as I appreciate everyone for their individuality and want you to feel truly understood and valued feeling a sense of belonging.
01793 540302 View 01793 540302
Photo of Joanne Harris, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Joanne Harris
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Swindon SN2
Not accepting new clients
I’ve adopted an integrative approach to counselling, this enables me to work with the whole you. I strive to provide you with a friendly, confidential and reflective place, helping you to unravel your experience and understand true deep-rooted feelings in order to resolve them. Coupled with person centred ideology, the focus is on you. Mental-health holds no barrier, I hold current Enhanced DBS enabling me to work with Young People in addition to Adults.
I’ve adopted an integrative approach to counselling, this enables me to work with the whole you. I strive to provide you with a friendly, confidential and reflective place, helping you to unravel your experience and understand true deep-rooted feelings in order to resolve them. Coupled with person centred ideology, the focus is on you. Mental-health holds no barrier, I hold current Enhanced DBS enabling me to work with Young People in addition to Adults.
01793 540626 View 01793 540626
Photo of Michael Bizley, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Michael Bizley
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Online Only
I work purely as an Online Therapist for which I am fully qualified and trained to do. This has many benefits, not only as it doesn't mean travelling but we also have the options of working in different ways, such as video, email, audio or instant messaging. Sometimes it can reduce anxieties as you can be in a space that feels comfortable for you. I have a particular interest in working with MEN in therapy as I am aware how difficult it can be for a man to seek therapy and talk about their emotions and experiences. My aim is to provide that safe space in which all clients can explore their feelings and emotions.
I work purely as an Online Therapist for which I am fully qualified and trained to do. This has many benefits, not only as it doesn't mean travelling but we also have the options of working in different ways, such as video, email, audio or instant messaging. Sometimes it can reduce anxieties as you can be in a space that feels comfortable for you. I have a particular interest in working with MEN in therapy as I am aware how difficult it can be for a man to seek therapy and talk about their emotions and experiences. My aim is to provide that safe space in which all clients can explore their feelings and emotions.
01249 471511 View 01249 471511
Photo of Tina Deas - A Time For You, Counselling and Reiki (Tina Deas), Counsellor, MBACP Accred
A Time For You, Counselling and Reiki (Tina Deas)
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Swindon SN5
I help Individuals and Couples with many different concerns. They often want to be able to feel and cope better, to improve their relationships, their wellbeing and their lives. Perhaps you are trying to cope with a bereavement or have suffered another loss such as the breakdown of a relationship. You may feel that with support, you are ready to tackle some trauma you have suffered or you may need help with your current situation. Or maybe you just feel a little lost and need some help to get yourself back on track or you don't really know where to start and feel anxious about talking to someone about your problems. I can help.
I help Individuals and Couples with many different concerns. They often want to be able to feel and cope better, to improve their relationships, their wellbeing and their lives. Perhaps you are trying to cope with a bereavement or have suffered another loss such as the breakdown of a relationship. You may feel that with support, you are ready to tackle some trauma you have suffered or you may need help with your current situation. Or maybe you just feel a little lost and need some help to get yourself back on track or you don't really know where to start and feel anxious about talking to someone about your problems. I can help.
01793 540333 View 01793 540333
Photo of Anthony John Horsburgh, Counsellor, MBACP
Anthony John Horsburgh
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Swindon SN2
Life can often be seen that we put the needs of others' before our own, therefore neglecting ourselves and experiencing difficult environments and emotions. I offer time for 'you' to explore your own needs and provide this by short or long term therapy, based on your emotional needs. As an integrative therapist, I invite clients to experience different ways of exploring personal experiences and create positive change to the challenges that are faced. The therapy I offer is a process that helps you restore your natural sense of harmony and balance.
Life can often be seen that we put the needs of others' before our own, therefore neglecting ourselves and experiencing difficult environments and emotions. I offer time for 'you' to explore your own needs and provide this by short or long term therapy, based on your emotional needs. As an integrative therapist, I invite clients to experience different ways of exploring personal experiences and create positive change to the challenges that are faced. The therapy I offer is a process that helps you restore your natural sense of harmony and balance.
01793 236493 View 01793 236493
1

See more therapy options for Swindon

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Swindon

90+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Swindon who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Self Esteem
87% Depression
85% Stress
77% Relationship Issues
70% Bereavement
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% AXA PPP
45% Aviva
40% WPA

How Counsellors in Swindon see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Swindon?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.