Counselling in Stow-on-the-Wold

Photo of Lulu Sunnucks, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Lulu Sunnucks
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Hi, I'm Lulu. I use an integrative approach to therapy, drawing on evidence-based modalities to suit each client’s unique needs. Prior to establishing a private practice, my experience began as a trauma-informed Psychotherapist at a women's charity, working with survivors of rape, sexual and domestic violence. As well as my work with individuals, I offer psychosexual & relationship therapy for couples navigating conflict & sexual desire.
Hi, I'm Lulu. I use an integrative approach to therapy, drawing on evidence-based modalities to suit each client’s unique needs. Prior to establishing a private practice, my experience began as a trauma-informed Psychotherapist at a women's charity, working with survivors of rape, sexual and domestic violence. As well as my work with individuals, I offer psychosexual & relationship therapy for couples navigating conflict & sexual desire.
01691 887946 View 01691 887946
Photo of Steven Pritchard, Counsellor, MUKCP
Steven Pritchard
Counsellor, MUKCP
Serves Area
I wonder what it feels like to find yourself here, looking for some kind of support? Maybe you are struggling to 'make sense' of what you've been experiencing in your life recently? Many of my clients inhabit a crowded yet empty world, in which they cannot easily 'hear' themselves, or feel that they are not 'understood' by those around them. Perhaps you feel a little like this too? My first hope as a counsellor is that working collaboratively you will feel both heard and understood - maybe for the first time. When this happens, we begin to develop the inner resources needed to discover and engage with who we truly are.
I wonder what it feels like to find yourself here, looking for some kind of support? Maybe you are struggling to 'make sense' of what you've been experiencing in your life recently? Many of my clients inhabit a crowded yet empty world, in which they cannot easily 'hear' themselves, or feel that they are not 'understood' by those around them. Perhaps you feel a little like this too? My first hope as a counsellor is that working collaboratively you will feel both heard and understood - maybe for the first time. When this happens, we begin to develop the inner resources needed to discover and engage with who we truly are.
01242 339133 View 01242 339133
Photo of Elizabeth Cappetta, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
Elizabeth Cappetta
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
Serves Area
Hello and a warm welcome to my profile page. I am a Psychotherapist and Registered Nutritional Therapist with 20 years experience. I am very passionate about helping people and feel very fortunate and privileged to do this kind of work. I offer a very friendly service, as I appreciate it can be a huge step to contact a therapist for the first time. Although I have over the years worked with all kinds of issues, I feel drawn to work in the areas of relationships, stress and depression.I also worked in the corporate world for many years and so have lots of experience of dealing with stress and the pressures of life in this arena.
Hello and a warm welcome to my profile page. I am a Psychotherapist and Registered Nutritional Therapist with 20 years experience. I am very passionate about helping people and feel very fortunate and privileged to do this kind of work. I offer a very friendly service, as I appreciate it can be a huge step to contact a therapist for the first time. Although I have over the years worked with all kinds of issues, I feel drawn to work in the areas of relationships, stress and depression.I also worked in the corporate world for many years and so have lots of experience of dealing with stress and the pressures of life in this arena.
01372 677045 View 01372 677045
Photo of Amalia Knight, Counsellor, MBACP
Amalia Knight
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Many people come to counselling feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down by thoughts and emotions they can’t seem to shift. My ideal client is someone who longs for relief and clarity—whether they’re dealing with anxiety, grief, relationship struggles, or a sense that life has lost direction. They want a safe, confidential space where they can say the things they don’t feel able to say anywhere else. More than anything, they want to feel understood and supported without judgement.
Many people come to counselling feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or weighed down by thoughts and emotions they can’t seem to shift. My ideal client is someone who longs for relief and clarity—whether they’re dealing with anxiety, grief, relationship struggles, or a sense that life has lost direction. They want a safe, confidential space where they can say the things they don’t feel able to say anywhere else. More than anything, they want to feel understood and supported without judgement.
01386 573178 View 01386 573178
Photo of Nell Harvey, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Nell Harvey
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Serves Area
I see clients requiring 'emotional maintenance' as well as those struggling to overcome some of life's very big hurdles. I work with my clients to help them find their own path towards healing and self-discovery resulting in improved self-awareness, expansion, and growth. I explore reoccurring life patterns, unwanted behaviours or worries, relationship difficulties, change and loss amongst other things. I am an integrative counsellor drawing on a rich blend of humanistic theory (Person Centred, Gestalt and Transactional Analysis). I can therefore offer an individual approach for each and every client.
I see clients requiring 'emotional maintenance' as well as those struggling to overcome some of life's very big hurdles. I work with my clients to help them find their own path towards healing and self-discovery resulting in improved self-awareness, expansion, and growth. I explore reoccurring life patterns, unwanted behaviours or worries, relationship difficulties, change and loss amongst other things. I am an integrative counsellor drawing on a rich blend of humanistic theory (Person Centred, Gestalt and Transactional Analysis). I can therefore offer an individual approach for each and every client.
024 7542 2471 View 024 7542 2471

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Carola Percival, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Carola Percival
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
Hello, and a warm welcome to my professional profile! Please also look at my website www.goringphysis. co.uk. There are times in every person's emotional life when their nearest and dearest people are not suitable to go to, and this is where my professional skill and experience can be helpful to let you find your way forward. I see my role to create with you a psychotherapeutic relationship of trust and hope which will be unique for the duration of your therapy. I work ethically, non-judgmentally and our time together will be based on a contractual agreement towards your specific goal.
Hello, and a warm welcome to my professional profile! Please also look at my website www.goringphysis. co.uk. There are times in every person's emotional life when their nearest and dearest people are not suitable to go to, and this is where my professional skill and experience can be helpful to let you find your way forward. I see my role to create with you a psychotherapeutic relationship of trust and hope which will be unique for the duration of your therapy. I work ethically, non-judgmentally and our time together will be based on a contractual agreement towards your specific goal.
0118 338 1930 View 0118 338 1930
Photo of Dr Victoria Simkin, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Victoria Simkin
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I specialise in anxiety, (including OCD), perinatal mental health, and trauma leading to attachment/relationship struggles. You might find yourself stuck in a loop of anxiety, or have thoughts that you feel too embarrassed to share. Maybe you have to force yourself out of bed, only to have another day that’s miserable. You might feel you’ve reached a stagnant point in life, feel anxious in your relationships, or maybe you’re going through huge change, like a break up or having a baby. Many people reach out to me to start therapy facing these problems. My aim is that you leave therapy feeling in control, happier, and understood
I specialise in anxiety, (including OCD), perinatal mental health, and trauma leading to attachment/relationship struggles. You might find yourself stuck in a loop of anxiety, or have thoughts that you feel too embarrassed to share. Maybe you have to force yourself out of bed, only to have another day that’s miserable. You might feel you’ve reached a stagnant point in life, feel anxious in your relationships, or maybe you’re going through huge change, like a break up or having a baby. Many people reach out to me to start therapy facing these problems. My aim is that you leave therapy feeling in control, happier, and understood
020 3763 8858 View 020 3763 8858
Photo of Fiona de Swardt, Psychotherapist, BACP
Fiona de Swardt
Psychotherapist, BACP
Serves Area
I understand that considering to approach someone to discuss private and intimate matters is not easy, but this can be life changing. Experiencing emotional difficulties that affect your moods and behaviour are more common than you think. This can significantly impact a wide range of aspects in your day-to-day life and relationships. Therapy is often an effective way to reach a better understanding of yourself and the causes of your emotional discomfort. It may also help you to find the best way forward to overcome challenges and move on to experience meaningful life improvements simultaneously alleviating pressures and stress.
I understand that considering to approach someone to discuss private and intimate matters is not easy, but this can be life changing. Experiencing emotional difficulties that affect your moods and behaviour are more common than you think. This can significantly impact a wide range of aspects in your day-to-day life and relationships. Therapy is often an effective way to reach a better understanding of yourself and the causes of your emotional discomfort. It may also help you to find the best way forward to overcome challenges and move on to experience meaningful life improvements simultaneously alleviating pressures and stress.
01926 351762 View 01926 351762
Photo of Dr Helen Beckwith, Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Helen Beckwith
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Oxford OX4
I'm Helen, an HCPC Registered Clinical Psychologist with over 12 years experience in the NHS, academia and charity sector. I specialise in evidence-based psychological treatments for adults with mental health problems, specifically: cognitive behavioural therapies; family interventions; and EMDR. I have particular knowledge and expertise of attachment theory having additionally earned a PhD in Understandings and Clinical Applications of Attachment Theory from the University of Cambridge.
I'm Helen, an HCPC Registered Clinical Psychologist with over 12 years experience in the NHS, academia and charity sector. I specialise in evidence-based psychological treatments for adults with mental health problems, specifically: cognitive behavioural therapies; family interventions; and EMDR. I have particular knowledge and expertise of attachment theory having additionally earned a PhD in Understandings and Clinical Applications of Attachment Theory from the University of Cambridge.
01865 537677 View 01865 537677
Photo of Emma Pereira, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Emma Pereira
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome and congratulations at taking the very courageous first step towards a more fulfilling life. My name's Emma and I am licensed in the UK with over 17 years of professional work experience in Canada and the UK. I have extensive training and experience in supporting clients with stress and anxiety, low mood, sleep issues, motivation and low self esteem. Now you've taken this brave first step, I hope to hear from you soon.
Welcome and congratulations at taking the very courageous first step towards a more fulfilling life. My name's Emma and I am licensed in the UK with over 17 years of professional work experience in Canada and the UK. I have extensive training and experience in supporting clients with stress and anxiety, low mood, sleep issues, motivation and low self esteem. Now you've taken this brave first step, I hope to hear from you soon.
0118 230 6478 View 0118 230 6478
Photo of Sarah Battye - Torden CBT, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Torden CBT
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Torden CBT provides 1-1 online psychotherapy to adults and young people using a cognitive behavioural approach. ​I am a BABCP accredited CBT Therapist, specialising in Anxiety and Depression, including, OCD, GAD, Panic, Specific Phobia and Depression. In our first session I try to focus on getting to know you as a whole person, to help gain a joint understanding of your experiences and how they influence you today.
Torden CBT provides 1-1 online psychotherapy to adults and young people using a cognitive behavioural approach. ​I am a BABCP accredited CBT Therapist, specialising in Anxiety and Depression, including, OCD, GAD, Panic, Specific Phobia and Depression. In our first session I try to focus on getting to know you as a whole person, to help gain a joint understanding of your experiences and how they influence you today.
01270 916573 View 01270 916573
Photo of Venise Adams-Sarfo - Chrystal Therapy (Autism / ADHD), Psychotherapist, MBACP
Chrystal Therapy (Autism / ADHD)
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Struggling with ADHD or Autism? Do you feel overwhelmed at work, struggling to stay focused? Maybe you zone out in conversations, feel disconnected and misunderstood by others. We understand the emotional pain of feeling isolated, frustrated, and judged. We offer personalised therapy to help you navigate these challenges and rebuild connections. Why Choose Chrystal Therapy? We know that no two people are the same. That’s why we go beyond traditional, one-size-fits-all therapy. Our BACP-registered therapists take the time to truly understand you.
Struggling with ADHD or Autism? Do you feel overwhelmed at work, struggling to stay focused? Maybe you zone out in conversations, feel disconnected and misunderstood by others. We understand the emotional pain of feeling isolated, frustrated, and judged. We offer personalised therapy to help you navigate these challenges and rebuild connections. Why Choose Chrystal Therapy? We know that no two people are the same. That’s why we go beyond traditional, one-size-fits-all therapy. Our BACP-registered therapists take the time to truly understand you.
01905 975299 View 01905 975299
Photo of Emma Brunel Smith, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Emma Brunel Smith
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
I am dedicated to providing professional online psychotherapy and counselling services. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space for individuals to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I work predominantly online but also offer limited "Walk and Talk" sessions in person in the Oxford area. These sessions are conducted outside.
I am dedicated to providing professional online psychotherapy and counselling services. My goal is to create a safe and supportive space for individuals to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I work predominantly online but also offer limited "Walk and Talk" sessions in person in the Oxford area. These sessions are conducted outside.
01865 537371 View 01865 537371
Photo of Mara Giulia McMaster, Counsellor, BACP
Mara Giulia McMaster
Counsellor, BACP
Serves Area
For me the therapeutic value of therapy is about creating a safe space for the client in which they can start their process of healing. I will enable you tell your story in a way that is not about giving advice but more about empowering you to make the changes that you are looking to make. This might be about yourself or in your relationships with others. The focus of my Therapy is to enable you to explore the parts of you that you wish to look at and to make sense of the world around you. Together we can explore the challenges you might be facing and from those challenges discover solutions which will enable personal growth.
For me the therapeutic value of therapy is about creating a safe space for the client in which they can start their process of healing. I will enable you tell your story in a way that is not about giving advice but more about empowering you to make the changes that you are looking to make. This might be about yourself or in your relationships with others. The focus of my Therapy is to enable you to explore the parts of you that you wish to look at and to make sense of the world around you. Together we can explore the challenges you might be facing and from those challenges discover solutions which will enable personal growth.
07401 194429 View 07401 194429
Photo of Lin Siddorn, Counsellor, MBACP
Lin Siddorn
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Hi I'm Lin, a compassionate and dedicated humanistic counsellor working with women in all stages of life. My work is focused on, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, low self esteem, bereavement and traumatic loss, relationship and family conflict, childhood trauma, infertility and IVF (BICA member), miscarriage, and menopause. My service is for adults and young women 18+. Working together, I will provide you with a warm, welcoming and safe environment in which we can explore any difficult thoughts and feelings that are coming up for you, helping you to find greater awareness and compassion, and perhaps some inner peace.
Hi I'm Lin, a compassionate and dedicated humanistic counsellor working with women in all stages of life. My work is focused on, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, low self esteem, bereavement and traumatic loss, relationship and family conflict, childhood trauma, infertility and IVF (BICA member), miscarriage, and menopause. My service is for adults and young women 18+. Working together, I will provide you with a warm, welcoming and safe environment in which we can explore any difficult thoughts and feelings that are coming up for you, helping you to find greater awareness and compassion, and perhaps some inner peace.
01962 587191 View 01962 587191
Photo of Dr Paul C. Mollitt, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP Snr. Accred
Dr Paul C. Mollitt
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP Snr. Accred
Serves Area
Finding the right therapist can be a confusing and frustrating experience and it may take some time to find the right 'fit'. I suggest that you aim to meet with several therapists before making a decision. Please contact me via email, text, WhatsApp or phone we would arrange to have a brief telephone call to discuss your needs. I can answer any questions you may have around therapy and any practicalities. Then, should you want to move forward, we will arrange a more in-depth consultation.
Finding the right therapist can be a confusing and frustrating experience and it may take some time to find the right 'fit'. I suggest that you aim to meet with several therapists before making a decision. Please contact me via email, text, WhatsApp or phone we would arrange to have a brief telephone call to discuss your needs. I can answer any questions you may have around therapy and any practicalities. Then, should you want to move forward, we will arrange a more in-depth consultation.
020 4634 5076 View 020 4634 5076
Photo of Tina People, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Tina People
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Swindon SN1
I offer clients a service individual to whatever their needs may be. As an integrative counsellor, I offer a combined approach to counselling and psychotherapy, bringing together different elements from specific therapies. I understand that taking that initial step to phone or meet with a counsellor can be scary, however, I offer a compassionate and caring client-led talking therapy which ensures you can confidentially explore whatever issues you need to. Each client's goals are explored - ensuring there is an overall understanding of what is wanted from counselling.
I offer clients a service individual to whatever their needs may be. As an integrative counsellor, I offer a combined approach to counselling and psychotherapy, bringing together different elements from specific therapies. I understand that taking that initial step to phone or meet with a counsellor can be scary, however, I offer a compassionate and caring client-led talking therapy which ensures you can confidentially explore whatever issues you need to. Each client's goals are explored - ensuring there is an overall understanding of what is wanted from counselling.
01793 683485 View 01793 683485
Photo of Viola Robinson, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Viola Robinson
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I am an experienced therapeutic counsellor and clinical supervisor working with adult’s age 18+, providing compassionate, professional and ethical service in accordance with the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have a passion for helping people through my various training and experiences with cultural sensitivity. I offer my services to help you achieve healing and growth with situations you might be struggling with by gaining insight/skills in raising awareness, remove stigma to help you cope healthily with life’s challenges and be able to live and enjoy your life.
I am an experienced therapeutic counsellor and clinical supervisor working with adult’s age 18+, providing compassionate, professional and ethical service in accordance with the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have a passion for helping people through my various training and experiences with cultural sensitivity. I offer my services to help you achieve healing and growth with situations you might be struggling with by gaining insight/skills in raising awareness, remove stigma to help you cope healthily with life’s challenges and be able to live and enjoy your life.
01453 703734 View 01453 703734
Photo of Felicity Tutton, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Felicity Tutton
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Malvern WR14
Welcome. I offer warm, relational support to adults, teenagers and couples bringing issues including: depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem and confidence, marital or family relationship difficulties, bereavement, spirituality and faith matters. I have special interest, training and experience in working with attachment issues trauma and abuse, including post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dissociation, personality adaptations, somatic and embodied processes. Early on, we will explore your hopes, fears and goals for therapy. I use a confidential, creatively equipped indoor room with access to private outdoor natural space
Welcome. I offer warm, relational support to adults, teenagers and couples bringing issues including: depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem and confidence, marital or family relationship difficulties, bereavement, spirituality and faith matters. I have special interest, training and experience in working with attachment issues trauma and abuse, including post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dissociation, personality adaptations, somatic and embodied processes. Early on, we will explore your hopes, fears and goals for therapy. I use a confidential, creatively equipped indoor room with access to private outdoor natural space
01684 215938 View 01684 215938
Photo of Nilam Gill, Counsellor, MBBS, MBACP
Nilam Gill
Counsellor, MBBS, MBACP
Time4Hope has been established during my 18 years of working with parent/carers who have children/young people with Complex, Profound, Autistic and Life Limited Disabilities. My goal during counselling is to reduce the severe distress often experienced by parents, when trying to meet their children's high and challenging needs. Counselling can identify the causes of pressures and develop new strategies to build stronger resilience. I also counsel children and adults with a range of struggles such as low-self esteem and confidence. Together we will explore the experiences that have created this and undo unhelpful patterns.
Time4Hope has been established during my 18 years of working with parent/carers who have children/young people with Complex, Profound, Autistic and Life Limited Disabilities. My goal during counselling is to reduce the severe distress often experienced by parents, when trying to meet their children's high and challenging needs. Counselling can identify the causes of pressures and develop new strategies to build stronger resilience. I also counsel children and adults with a range of struggles such as low-self esteem and confidence. Together we will explore the experiences that have created this and undo unhelpful patterns.
01926 963914 View 01926 963914

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Stow-on-the-Wold

< 10

Counsellors in Stow-on-the-Wold who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Family Conflict
100% Life Transitions
80% Divorce
60% Anxiety
60% Addiction

Average years in practice

5 Years

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male

How Counsellors in Stow-on-the-Wold see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Stow-on-the-Wold?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.