Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Counselling in Stafford

Dr Joanna Saddington
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Stafford ST19
Hello, my name is Dr Joanna Saddington. I qualified as a Clinical Psychologist in 2006. Before setting up in private practice I worked in the NHS for 18 years. I am passionate about helping adults, young people, children and families overcome their difficulties. We all know life can be challenging, so it doesn't matter whether a problem is longstanding or is more recent. What is important, is that we work together to try to solve it. I always aim to work in a way that suits the individual and their needs, as well as aiming to deliver therapy empathetically and without judgment.
Hello, my name is Dr Joanna Saddington. I qualified as a Clinical Psychologist in 2006. Before setting up in private practice I worked in the NHS for 18 years. I am passionate about helping adults, young people, children and families overcome their difficulties. We all know life can be challenging, so it doesn't matter whether a problem is longstanding or is more recent. What is important, is that we work together to try to solve it. I always aim to work in a way that suits the individual and their needs, as well as aiming to deliver therapy empathetically and without judgment.
01543 220373 View 01543 220373
Anthony Gillard
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Stafford ST16
I believe that through talking and exploring emotions and patterns of behaviour we can find new ways of being and gain insight into ourselves which can give way to change and acceptance.
Hi there, my name's Anthony, sometimes life hits hard, and reaching out for support can feel daunting. Perhaps you're feeling overwhelmed with anxiety, going through a crippling and isolating bereavement, or having difficulties in your relationships. I'm trauma-informed and can offer a deeply empathetic and non-judgemental space where we can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at your own pace. I specialise in anxiety based issues, bereavement, and trauma. Working through these means feeling less overwhelmed, having more understanding over relationship patterns, developing self trust, and feeling more grounded and safe.
I believe that through talking and exploring emotions and patterns of behaviour we can find new ways of being and gain insight into ourselves which can give way to change and acceptance.
Hi there, my name's Anthony, sometimes life hits hard, and reaching out for support can feel daunting. Perhaps you're feeling overwhelmed with anxiety, going through a crippling and isolating bereavement, or having difficulties in your relationships. I'm trauma-informed and can offer a deeply empathetic and non-judgemental space where we can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences at your own pace. I specialise in anxiety based issues, bereavement, and trauma. Working through these means feeling less overwhelmed, having more understanding over relationship patterns, developing self trust, and feeling more grounded and safe.
01889 220559 View 01889 220559
Dr Natalie Elizabeth Byrne
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Stafford ST18
I work using structured models like Compassion Focussed Therapy (CFT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or more in-depth work informed by relational approaches.
I am passionate about working with adults and have over 20 years experience working with people in distress. I have experience of working with people with a range of emotional and mental health problems, including complex trauma, anxiety disorders, depression, low self-esteem and psychosis. My aim is to help people take steps along their journey of recovery to a healthier and happier future where people can truly begin living the life they want to live. I work in an integrative way enabling me to work with people to develop a therapy plan which is most likely to help them make positive steps towards their therapy goals.
I work using structured models like Compassion Focussed Therapy (CFT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or more in-depth work informed by relational approaches.
I am passionate about working with adults and have over 20 years experience working with people in distress. I have experience of working with people with a range of emotional and mental health problems, including complex trauma, anxiety disorders, depression, low self-esteem and psychosis. My aim is to help people take steps along their journey of recovery to a healthier and happier future where people can truly begin living the life they want to live. I work in an integrative way enabling me to work with people to develop a therapy plan which is most likely to help them make positive steps towards their therapy goals.
01785 904515 View 01785 904515
Ruth Fishwick
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Stafford ST19
Over the last 15 years within the NHS I have developed my therapeutic interests and offer an integrative approach, where I draw on models of Narrative Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and more recently Eye Movement Desensitisation (EMDR) Therapy whilst thinking about the impact of the system that surrounds the person.
For me, Psychology is about making a difference to people's lives, no matter how big the current difficult that they are experiencing; and to support them in reaching their goals. I enjoy working with people with physical health difficulties who may be struggling to adjust to a new diagnosis, or change in symptom. I also enjoy supporting people to recognise what they are already doing well and how this can help them. I work with children and their parents, but also offer therapy to adults.
Over the last 15 years within the NHS I have developed my therapeutic interests and offer an integrative approach, where I draw on models of Narrative Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and more recently Eye Movement Desensitisation (EMDR) Therapy whilst thinking about the impact of the system that surrounds the person.
For me, Psychology is about making a difference to people's lives, no matter how big the current difficult that they are experiencing; and to support them in reaching their goals. I enjoy working with people with physical health difficulties who may be struggling to adjust to a new diagnosis, or change in symptom. I also enjoy supporting people to recognise what they are already doing well and how this can help them. I work with children and their parents, but also offer therapy to adults.
01785 338281 View 01785 338281
Alan James Naughton
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Stafford ST16
Life is not straightforward and sometimes overwhelming. Often we know what our difficulties are, sometimes we don't. I offer a friendly, supportive environment in which to talk about what matters most to you, and find ways to move forward. I am a psychotherapist working for Prohealth UK (www.prohealthuk.org) and privately. I have worked in varied settings, providing psychotherapy services for NHS patients, Staffordshire Fire & Police Service, Staffordshire County Council, East Staffs Borough Council, Salford Hospital and local charity.
Life is not straightforward and sometimes overwhelming. Often we know what our difficulties are, sometimes we don't. I offer a friendly, supportive environment in which to talk about what matters most to you, and find ways to move forward. I am a psychotherapist working for Prohealth UK (www.prohealthuk.org) and privately. I have worked in varied settings, providing psychotherapy services for NHS patients, Staffordshire Fire & Police Service, Staffordshire County Council, East Staffs Borough Council, Salford Hospital and local charity.
01543 399608 View 01543 399608
Dr Suzanne Roberts
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
The evidence-based therapies I am trained in include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Schema Therapy and Attachment-based Psychotherapy.
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist with over 11 years of clinical experience, alongside more than 25 years’ experience as a Registered Nurse within the NHS. This combined background gives me a deep understanding of how psychological and physical health are closely intertwined. I specialise in working with trauma and its impact, including PTSD, developmental trauma and trauma linked to medical experiences or long-term illness. I also have extensive experience supporting adults with a wide range of psychological difficulties including anxiety, depression, OCD, grief, health-related distress, and relationship-related difficulties.
The evidence-based therapies I am trained in include Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Schema Therapy and Attachment-based Psychotherapy.
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist with over 11 years of clinical experience, alongside more than 25 years’ experience as a Registered Nurse within the NHS. This combined background gives me a deep understanding of how psychological and physical health are closely intertwined. I specialise in working with trauma and its impact, including PTSD, developmental trauma and trauma linked to medical experiences or long-term illness. I also have extensive experience supporting adults with a wide range of psychological difficulties including anxiety, depression, OCD, grief, health-related distress, and relationship-related difficulties.
01902 951901 View 01902 951901
Andy Myers
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, perhaps you may be living with trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, thoughts of suicide, or mood disorders. You might feel weighed down by past experiences, stuck in patterns you don’t fully understand, and unsure how to move forward. You want relief from persistent emotional pain and a greater sense of steadiness within yourself. Your goal is to feel safe in your own mind and body, to understand your story with compassion, and to build a life guided by choice rather than shaped by past wounds. While I have a personal mission to support male mental health, especially those who feel the pressures of the online world, I welcome all.
Hi, perhaps you may be living with trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, thoughts of suicide, or mood disorders. You might feel weighed down by past experiences, stuck in patterns you don’t fully understand, and unsure how to move forward. You want relief from persistent emotional pain and a greater sense of steadiness within yourself. Your goal is to feel safe in your own mind and body, to understand your story with compassion, and to build a life guided by choice rather than shaped by past wounds. While I have a personal mission to support male mental health, especially those who feel the pressures of the online world, I welcome all.
01952 984187 View 01952 984187
Dr Andy Adams
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
I tailor your therapeutic experience using evidence-based modalities including CBT, EMDR, Compassion Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Schematic Therapy.
I have over 15 years clinical experience, working with clients in England, Wales, Scotland and Canada! I work in both the NHS and in private practice, in a wide range of roles from Adult mental health to children and adolescent mental health. I have worked successfully with clients struggling with numerous mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, grief and loss, eating disorders, addictions, OCD, perinatal challenges, and sleep disorders. With child and adolescent mental health, I offer therapy and can provide a comprehensive assessment for ASD, ADHD, and other neurodiverse issues.
I tailor your therapeutic experience using evidence-based modalities including CBT, EMDR, Compassion Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, Internal Family Systems, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Schematic Therapy.
I have over 15 years clinical experience, working with clients in England, Wales, Scotland and Canada! I work in both the NHS and in private practice, in a wide range of roles from Adult mental health to children and adolescent mental health. I have worked successfully with clients struggling with numerous mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, grief and loss, eating disorders, addictions, OCD, perinatal challenges, and sleep disorders. With child and adolescent mental health, I offer therapy and can provide a comprehensive assessment for ASD, ADHD, and other neurodiverse issues.
View
Sarah Handley
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello and Welcome! Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or quietly at odds with yourself, wondering why life feels heavier than it should? Perhaps you cope alone, put on a brave face, or struggle with self-doubt & low self-esteem. Many of my clients are navigating grief, loss, difficult relationships, people pleasing patterns, emotional eating, or a harsh inner critic. If you want clarity, steadiness, & a kinder, more compassionate way of relating to yourself in order to build confidence, balance, & calm, we can explore your experiences safely, understand your patterns, & help you begin to feel more like yourself again.
Hello and Welcome! Do you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or quietly at odds with yourself, wondering why life feels heavier than it should? Perhaps you cope alone, put on a brave face, or struggle with self-doubt & low self-esteem. Many of my clients are navigating grief, loss, difficult relationships, people pleasing patterns, emotional eating, or a harsh inner critic. If you want clarity, steadiness, & a kinder, more compassionate way of relating to yourself in order to build confidence, balance, & calm, we can explore your experiences safely, understand your patterns, & help you begin to feel more like yourself again.
01902 943978 View 01902 943978
Helen Dalley
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stuck? Perhaps you've spent so long looking after everyone else that you've forgotten how to look after yourself. Therapy offers you a confidential space to slow down, untangle what's going on and find a way forward. Our sessions are led by you. I won't tell you what to do or judge the choices you've made. Instead, I'll listen carefully, ask thoughtful questions and help you make sense of your thoughts, feelings and experiences. Whether you're facing a specific challenge or simply know that something doesn't feel quite right, we'll work together at a pace that feels comfortable for you.
Feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stuck? Perhaps you've spent so long looking after everyone else that you've forgotten how to look after yourself. Therapy offers you a confidential space to slow down, untangle what's going on and find a way forward. Our sessions are led by you. I won't tell you what to do or judge the choices you've made. Instead, I'll listen carefully, ask thoughtful questions and help you make sense of your thoughts, feelings and experiences. Whether you're facing a specific challenge or simply know that something doesn't feel quite right, we'll work together at a pace that feels comfortable for you.
01782 493810 View 01782 493810
Jo Shenton Counselling and Supervision
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Welcome. Are you here because you are struggling with something in your life and need some help and support? Perhaps you are experiencing some symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, trauma or addiction? Or something else? Would you like someone to listen to you in a confidential, safe place, without judgement? Are you interested in improving your confidence and increasing your self-esteem? Life can really test us at times and we may be unable to find the answers within ourselves or indeed from our family and friends.
Welcome. Are you here because you are struggling with something in your life and need some help and support? Perhaps you are experiencing some symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, trauma or addiction? Or something else? Would you like someone to listen to you in a confidential, safe place, without judgement? Are you interested in improving your confidence and increasing your self-esteem? Life can really test us at times and we may be unable to find the answers within ourselves or indeed from our family and friends.
01782 983532 View 01782 983532
Dr Matt Johnson
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
Specialising in ACT (a form of CBT), I help adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, chronic pain, stress, life transitions, and more.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) is an NHS recommended, evidence-based form of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). It works by teaching you a set of practical skills to help you respond more effectively to difficult thoughts and feelings, reconnect with your values, and take meaningful steps in life.
Specialising in ACT (a form of CBT), I help adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, chronic pain, stress, life transitions, and more.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) is an NHS recommended, evidence-based form of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). It works by teaching you a set of practical skills to help you respond more effectively to difficult thoughts and feelings, reconnect with your values, and take meaningful steps in life.
01782 493119 View 01782 493119
Dr Sophie Gwinnett
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
At Brightside Psychology we offer a variety of therapies including CBT, Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Attachment-Based Therapies, Cognitive Analytic Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention.
I am a HCPC registered clinical psychologist with over 20 years experience and I am the owner of Brightside Psychology. At Brightside we offer a welcoming and compassionate space to explore your difficulties. Trained in a variety of evidence-based therapies including CBT and EMDR, our expert team will tailor interventions to your unique needs. We are highly experienced in working with anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, grief, relationship difficulties and more. We are also specialists in health anxiety and health trauma. Please get in touch today to book your free consultation and discover how me and my team can help you.
At Brightside Psychology we offer a variety of therapies including CBT, Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Attachment-Based Therapies, Cognitive Analytic Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention.
I am a HCPC registered clinical psychologist with over 20 years experience and I am the owner of Brightside Psychology. At Brightside we offer a welcoming and compassionate space to explore your difficulties. Trained in a variety of evidence-based therapies including CBT and EMDR, our expert team will tailor interventions to your unique needs. We are highly experienced in working with anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, grief, relationship difficulties and more. We are also specialists in health anxiety and health trauma. Please get in touch today to book your free consultation and discover how me and my team can help you.
01922 214818 View 01922 214818
Therapy with Marni
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Serves Area
With over 17 years' experience in mental health, I specialise in helping adults overcome anxiety, trauma, PTSD, OCD, depression and low self-esteem using evidence-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). I am an accredited CBT and EMDR therapist and offer a compassionate, collaborative and non-judgemental approach, helping you understand the patterns keeping you stuck, develop practical coping strategies, process difficult experiences, and create meaningful, lasting change.
With over 17 years' experience in mental health, I specialise in helping adults overcome anxiety, trauma, PTSD, OCD, depression and low self-esteem using evidence-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). I am an accredited CBT and EMDR therapist and offer a compassionate, collaborative and non-judgemental approach, helping you understand the patterns keeping you stuck, develop practical coping strategies, process difficult experiences, and create meaningful, lasting change.
01746 337015 View 01746 337015
Lenna Lanza CBT
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Is Anxiety, Trauma, OCD, low mood, or low self esteem a problem. You can make meaningful change with my help. I am Lenna, an Accredited Cognitive Behavioral Therapist (CBT), Mental Health Nurse, CBT supervisor, & Mindfulnes Based Cognitive Therapy teacher. I work online with clients nation wide & in Europe. I create a supportive, comfortable, safe, confidential, therapeutic space to help you explore & understand your challenges. We will work together to successfully achieve your health and wellbeing goals. CBT will help you to develop skills & tools that are tailored to you & your lifestyle for you use in the years to come.
Is Anxiety, Trauma, OCD, low mood, or low self esteem a problem. You can make meaningful change with my help. I am Lenna, an Accredited Cognitive Behavioral Therapist (CBT), Mental Health Nurse, CBT supervisor, & Mindfulnes Based Cognitive Therapy teacher. I work online with clients nation wide & in Europe. I create a supportive, comfortable, safe, confidential, therapeutic space to help you explore & understand your challenges. We will work together to successfully achieve your health and wellbeing goals. CBT will help you to develop skills & tools that are tailored to you & your lifestyle for you use in the years to come.
01782 890227 View 01782 890227
Peace of Mind Wellbeing
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Serves Area
Peace of Mind Wellbeing offers therapeutic support and mental health intervention to Children, Young People and Adults, presenting with psychological difficulties such as Depression, Anxiety, OCD, PTSD, Social Anxiety, Specific Phobias, Childhood Trauma, Relationship difficulties and Low Self Esteem. Peace of Mind Wellbeing also offers couples therapy and family therapy, alongside training packages to other professionals, family and friends, to support their understanding of different psychological difficulties, how they present and how they can appropriately offer their support.
Peace of Mind Wellbeing offers therapeutic support and mental health intervention to Children, Young People and Adults, presenting with psychological difficulties such as Depression, Anxiety, OCD, PTSD, Social Anxiety, Specific Phobias, Childhood Trauma, Relationship difficulties and Low Self Esteem. Peace of Mind Wellbeing also offers couples therapy and family therapy, alongside training packages to other professionals, family and friends, to support their understanding of different psychological difficulties, how they present and how they can appropriately offer their support.
View
Clare Strickland
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Attending therapy is a very personal and courageous thing to consider and by reading this, you have taken the first step. In my experience, the connection with your therapist is important for you to feel able to develop trust and safety in the space so that you feel more able to share your difficult life experiences, which you might not have voiced to anyone before.
Attending therapy is a very personal and courageous thing to consider and by reading this, you have taken the first step. In my experience, the connection with your therapist is important for you to feel able to develop trust and safety in the space so that you feel more able to share your difficult life experiences, which you might not have voiced to anyone before.
01785 335591 View 01785 335591
Dr Rachel Toole
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Stafford ST19
Not accepting new clients
I draw from a number of approaches - Acceptance & Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who worked in the NHS for 23 years since qualifying in 1998. I am a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society. I am registered with the Health and Care Professions Council, a member of the EMDR Association UK and the Association for Contextual Behavioural Science. I am a fully trained EMDR Therapist.
I draw from a number of approaches - Acceptance & Commitment Therapy ( ACT), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation & Reprocessing.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who worked in the NHS for 23 years since qualifying in 1998. I am a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society. I am registered with the Health and Care Professions Council, a member of the EMDR Association UK and the Association for Contextual Behavioural Science. I am a fully trained EMDR Therapist.
01543 229141 View 01543 229141

More Therapists Nearby

M Fok
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal clients grapple with issues of identity, acceptance, and relationship dynamics.
I specialise in empathetic and informed counselling for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual couples and individuals, focusing on identity exploration, relationship dynamics, and minority stress. My approach is rooted in understanding the complex emotions, trauma, and challenges of navigating a society that may not fully accept their identities.
My ideal clients grapple with issues of identity, acceptance, and relationship dynamics.
I specialise in empathetic and informed counselling for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual couples and individuals, focusing on identity exploration, relationship dynamics, and minority stress. My approach is rooted in understanding the complex emotions, trauma, and challenges of navigating a society that may not fully accept their identities.
View
Birmingham Solihull Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
I use traditional forms of CBT, alongside approaches such as mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT).
If anxiety is getting in the way of you living your life the way you want to, we can work together to change that. Anxiety can creep up on us and there doesn't need to have been a big trigger for it to have a real impact on our lives. I work with people to overcome a range of anxiety based difficulties and have a particular interest in supporting people with OCD, phobias and panic attacks. Cognitive behavioural therapy can help you understand your anxiety, become less fearful of it and find ways to tackle it. Therapy can also help you to recognise what you are already doing that is helpful - there is always more than you think!
I use traditional forms of CBT, alongside approaches such as mindfulness, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT).
If anxiety is getting in the way of you living your life the way you want to, we can work together to change that. Anxiety can creep up on us and there doesn't need to have been a big trigger for it to have a real impact on our lives. I work with people to overcome a range of anxiety based difficulties and have a particular interest in supporting people with OCD, phobias and panic attacks. Cognitive behavioural therapy can help you understand your anxiety, become less fearful of it and find ways to tackle it. Therapy can also help you to recognise what you are already doing that is helpful - there is always more than you think!
023 8254 4417 View 023 8254 4417
Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Counsellors
How does acceptance and commitment therapy work?
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages a person to listen to their self-talk. A person’s inner dialog can be indicative of how they treat themselves. ACT also encourages self-compassion; this can lead to a better understanding of negative thought patterns and emotional states. This understanding can then lead the individual to needed behavior change.

What are the goals of acceptance and commitment therapy?
The goal of acceptance and commitment is to expand a person’s psychological flexibility, a trait that encourages an individual to live in the present moment and to accept all their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, even ones that are difficult such as sadness and anxiety. In ACT, this acceptance is congruent with the individual’s values and beliefs.

Does acceptance and commitment therapy work for depression?
Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective for depression because it allows the individual to view their discomfort and suffering differently. Depressive feelings about relationship heartaches, for example, are a part of life. A despondent person learns to let go of their struggles and instead view their painful thoughts and feelings with compassion. This will lead the individual toward positive change.

How long are people typically in acceptance and commitment therapy?
A typical acceptance and commitment therapy session is 50 minutes long with one session per week. Treatment for common problems such as anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties can last between eight weeks to four months. However, more severe cases may require more than one session a week and/or a longer time frame for treatment.