Counselling in St Albans

Photo of Dr Grace Cook, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Grace Cook
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Hi, I'm Grace and I am a Clinical Psychologist, registered with the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC), and have over 10 years experience working with a range of young people and adults within both the NHS and private sector. I take a systemic approach, which means that I consider the wider factors that may be contributing to someone's difficulties, while acknowledging someone's strengths and individuality within sessions. I take a non-pathologising, holistic view when working with individuals, continually reviewing and co-constructing the sessions to ensure clients' voices are heard.
Hi, I'm Grace and I am a Clinical Psychologist, registered with the Health Care Professions Council (HCPC), and have over 10 years experience working with a range of young people and adults within both the NHS and private sector. I take a systemic approach, which means that I consider the wider factors that may be contributing to someone's difficulties, while acknowledging someone's strengths and individuality within sessions. I take a non-pathologising, holistic view when working with individuals, continually reviewing and co-constructing the sessions to ensure clients' voices are heard.
01707 246619 View 01707 246619
Photo of Lauren Haycox, Psychotherapist, MSc, BPC
Lauren Haycox
Psychotherapist, MSc, BPC
1 Endorsed
You might be feeling low, anxious, stuck in a rut in a relationship or at work or, alternatively, repeating the same old mistakes. You might have decided it's time to make sense of things that have happened in the past or wondering how to resolve a situation that's happening right now. Perhaps the version of yourself that you've been using to cope doesn't seem to fit anymore. Things might be feeling very distressing and overwhelming. You might be looking for clarity and a way forward or just to talk it through.
You might be feeling low, anxious, stuck in a rut in a relationship or at work or, alternatively, repeating the same old mistakes. You might have decided it's time to make sense of things that have happened in the past or wondering how to resolve a situation that's happening right now. Perhaps the version of yourself that you've been using to cope doesn't seem to fit anymore. Things might be feeling very distressing and overwhelming. You might be looking for clarity and a way forward or just to talk it through.
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Marc Hamilton
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
My approach to therapy is informed by ongoing developments in psychological knowledge and research, and is caring and sensitive to your individual needs. Therapy and treatment for a variety of issues, including: anxiety, relationships, couple therapy, depression, stress, trauma, self esteem, workplace issues, dealing with health difficulties, drug and alcohol problems, life difficulties and transition and well being.
My approach to therapy is informed by ongoing developments in psychological knowledge and research, and is caring and sensitive to your individual needs. Therapy and treatment for a variety of issues, including: anxiety, relationships, couple therapy, depression, stress, trauma, self esteem, workplace issues, dealing with health difficulties, drug and alcohol problems, life difficulties and transition and well being.
01727 222440 View 01727 222440
Photo of Carole Anne Heselton, Counsellor, MBACP
Carole Anne Heselton
Counsellor, MBACP
I work with women at transitional stages in life: leaving home, becoming a parent or empty nester, changing career or retiring, living with illness or disability, experiencing bereavement or the end of a relationship. You might feel that you don’t know yourself any more, that you are overwhelmed, filled with anxiety for the future. A major life event might have smashed to pieces the world you thought you knew. Your sleep is affected, you no longer feel joy, hope, peace or security. Life changes can leave us feeling lost, frightened, and struggling. I know how hard it is when we no longer know who we are or see the way forward.
I work with women at transitional stages in life: leaving home, becoming a parent or empty nester, changing career or retiring, living with illness or disability, experiencing bereavement or the end of a relationship. You might feel that you don’t know yourself any more, that you are overwhelmed, filled with anxiety for the future. A major life event might have smashed to pieces the world you thought you knew. Your sleep is affected, you no longer feel joy, hope, peace or security. Life changes can leave us feeling lost, frightened, and struggling. I know how hard it is when we no longer know who we are or see the way forward.
01727 326628 View 01727 326628
Photo of Milo Brandon, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Milo Brandon
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Are you and your partner caught in a cycle of relational distress - like infidelity, sex or porn addiction, chronic conflict, communication breakdowns, trust erosion or commitment fears - that are straining your emotional safety, intimacy and bond? These challenges often leave you feeling anxious, distant and longing for genuine closeness and mutual understanding. As a trauma-informed psychotherapist specialising in couples' relationships therapy, I help partners rebuild trust, ease shame and foster secure bonds using proven approaches. My clients confront these challenges together, seeking a partnership that empowers and unites.
Are you and your partner caught in a cycle of relational distress - like infidelity, sex or porn addiction, chronic conflict, communication breakdowns, trust erosion or commitment fears - that are straining your emotional safety, intimacy and bond? These challenges often leave you feeling anxious, distant and longing for genuine closeness and mutual understanding. As a trauma-informed psychotherapist specialising in couples' relationships therapy, I help partners rebuild trust, ease shame and foster secure bonds using proven approaches. My clients confront these challenges together, seeking a partnership that empowers and unites.
01727 326287 View 01727 326287
Photo of Sue Pallenberg, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Sue Pallenberg
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Hello, I have been working as a psychotherapist for 35 years, helping people to overcome problems when they are feeling overwhelmed, confused, perhaps depressed and anxious, struggling with relationships, or whatever difficulties life has thrown at them. As a Psychotherapist I can work with you in a unique and individual way that best suits your needs. I offer a safe and reliable therapeutic relationship in which to explore your presenting problems in a comfortable and confidential environment. I am also offering telephone, Skype or Zoom Sessions.
Hello, I have been working as a psychotherapist for 35 years, helping people to overcome problems when they are feeling overwhelmed, confused, perhaps depressed and anxious, struggling with relationships, or whatever difficulties life has thrown at them. As a Psychotherapist I can work with you in a unique and individual way that best suits your needs. I offer a safe and reliable therapeutic relationship in which to explore your presenting problems in a comfortable and confidential environment. I am also offering telephone, Skype or Zoom Sessions.
01727 875212 View 01727 875212
Photo of Karine Flynn, Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Karine Flynn
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
You've done years of therapy. You understand your patterns, can explain exactly why you react the way you do. You know why your chest tightens when someone's mood shifts, why you say yes when you mean no, why you choose people who confirm your fears. But understanding hasn't created lasting change. You're still doing it. That's bc insight lives in your mind, but trauma is held in your nervous system, your tissues, your cells. The anxiety in your stomach isn't a thought you can reframe. The shutdown when someone gets close isn't a boundary you chose. Those are your body's responses to old survival patterns that never got completed.
You've done years of therapy. You understand your patterns, can explain exactly why you react the way you do. You know why your chest tightens when someone's mood shifts, why you say yes when you mean no, why you choose people who confirm your fears. But understanding hasn't created lasting change. You're still doing it. That's bc insight lives in your mind, but trauma is held in your nervous system, your tissues, your cells. The anxiety in your stomach isn't a thought you can reframe. The shutdown when someone gets close isn't a boundary you chose. Those are your body's responses to old survival patterns that never got completed.
01438 907262 View 01438 907262
Photo of Caroline Kennedy, Counsellor, MBACP
Caroline Kennedy
Counsellor, MBACP
I am an experienced and empathic psychodynamic counsellor. I understand how difficult it can be to reach out for help when life feels challenging. I offer a non-judgemental space to explore whatever is holding you back or causing you difficulty in your life. ​I work with clients experiencing a number of issues including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, panic attacks, bereavement, self-harm, ADHD, eating disorders, addictions and many others. My training is in psychodynamic counselling which looks back at past experiences and helps us to understand how these may have shaped the way we think and behave today.
I am an experienced and empathic psychodynamic counsellor. I understand how difficult it can be to reach out for help when life feels challenging. I offer a non-judgemental space to explore whatever is holding you back or causing you difficulty in your life. ​I work with clients experiencing a number of issues including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, panic attacks, bereavement, self-harm, ADHD, eating disorders, addictions and many others. My training is in psychodynamic counselling which looks back at past experiences and helps us to understand how these may have shaped the way we think and behave today.
01727 224605 View 01727 224605
Photo of Michelle Harris, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Michelle Harris
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello, my name is Michelle Harris; I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, accredited with the British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapists (BABCP).
Hello, my name is Michelle Harris; I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, accredited with the British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapists (BABCP).
01582 377321 View 01582 377321
Photo of Helena Meadows, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Helena Meadows
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
I offer a synergy between psychology, hypnotherapy and psychotherapy to work in alliance with clients towards overcoming their personal challenges, managing stress and developing resilience. My work is based on a good understanding of the human functioning and psychological distress and how this can be creatively experienced and acted in unique, personal ways - and how to change, when dysfunctional. To find out more just get in touch.
I offer a synergy between psychology, hypnotherapy and psychotherapy to work in alliance with clients towards overcoming their personal challenges, managing stress and developing resilience. My work is based on a good understanding of the human functioning and psychological distress and how this can be creatively experienced and acted in unique, personal ways - and how to change, when dysfunctional. To find out more just get in touch.
01727 649753 View 01727 649753
Photo of Dr Nicola Connolly, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Nicola Connolly
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Hello and a warm welcome! I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist with over 25 years experience working both in the NHS and in private practice. I have worked with both adolescents who struggle to talk, to adults with a wide range of mental health problems, and couples with relationship difficulties. I am trained in several therapies that I will tailor to your unique needs. It can feel very daunting trying to find the right therapist for your needs and I therefore offer you a free 30 minute Zoom meeting or phonecall to meet with me to put you at ease and to see if I am the right person who can help.
Hello and a warm welcome! I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist with over 25 years experience working both in the NHS and in private practice. I have worked with both adolescents who struggle to talk, to adults with a wide range of mental health problems, and couples with relationship difficulties. I am trained in several therapies that I will tailor to your unique needs. It can feel very daunting trying to find the right therapist for your needs and I therefore offer you a free 30 minute Zoom meeting or phonecall to meet with me to put you at ease and to see if I am the right person who can help.
01494 509324 View 01494 509324
Photo of Angie Clarke, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Angie Clarke
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Perhaps there is a problem that is causing you worry, sleep difficulties and your stomach to churn. Or your life may have become more difficult due to avoiding certain situations or things. Perhaps getting out of bed in the morning feels too hard, or you have found yourself putting off going to bed at night. Maybe you had a horrible experience and the memories keep intruding on your life, making you feel jumpy or on edge. Or maybe you think your problems are small and you tell yourself off for being so affected by them. If things have been getting you down I can help.
Perhaps there is a problem that is causing you worry, sleep difficulties and your stomach to churn. Or your life may have become more difficult due to avoiding certain situations or things. Perhaps getting out of bed in the morning feels too hard, or you have found yourself putting off going to bed at night. Maybe you had a horrible experience and the memories keep intruding on your life, making you feel jumpy or on edge. Or maybe you think your problems are small and you tell yourself off for being so affected by them. If things have been getting you down I can help.
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Photo of Vicky Corfield, Counsellor, MBACP
Vicky Corfield
Counsellor, MBACP
Whether you're facing something painful, feeling stuck, or simply looking for someone to talk things through with, I offer a space where you can explore what is going on for you—with compassion and support. I'm a BACP-registered counsellor with experience supporting people through a wide range of issues. My approach is psychodynamic, which can help bring awareness to the emotional processes that shape how you feel. This may include exploring past experiences and how they continue to influence your emotions and relationships. I work in a way that’s responsive to your individual needs, focusing on what feels most helpful to you.
Whether you're facing something painful, feeling stuck, or simply looking for someone to talk things through with, I offer a space where you can explore what is going on for you—with compassion and support. I'm a BACP-registered counsellor with experience supporting people through a wide range of issues. My approach is psychodynamic, which can help bring awareness to the emotional processes that shape how you feel. This may include exploring past experiences and how they continue to influence your emotions and relationships. I work in a way that’s responsive to your individual needs, focusing on what feels most helpful to you.
01582 377851 View 01582 377851
Photo of Lizandra Leigertwood, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Lizandra Leigertwood
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
1 Endorsed
On the outside it looks like everything's fine. You appear confident in work, people seek your advice, you've been considered a high achiever for most of your life. But on the inside, you feel exhausted and disconnected. It's hard for you to switch off, you constantly feel guilty for resting, you hate asking for help. You're irritable, losing sleep and although you're functioning everyday, you're surviving more than you are thriving. It feels like no matter what you do, it's never good enough. Your inner critic says to just get on with it, other people have it worse. But, you're ready for change, you just don't know where to start.
On the outside it looks like everything's fine. You appear confident in work, people seek your advice, you've been considered a high achiever for most of your life. But on the inside, you feel exhausted and disconnected. It's hard for you to switch off, you constantly feel guilty for resting, you hate asking for help. You're irritable, losing sleep and although you're functioning everyday, you're surviving more than you are thriving. It feels like no matter what you do, it's never good enough. Your inner critic says to just get on with it, other people have it worse. But, you're ready for change, you just don't know where to start.
01727 326220 View 01727 326220
Photo of Helen O'Gorman, Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Helen O'Gorman
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
I help people who feel stuck to move forward, so they can have a better life. Has that thing you turn to for brief relief just trapped you again in guilt and regret? Or perhaps you’ve just had the same argument in another form - you want closeness but find yourself caught in patterns that seem to push it away, locking you in a cycle of distance and blame. You want things to be different, yet somehow end up in the same painful place - repeating patterns that leave you frustrated, ashamed or alone. I can help you make sense of what keeps pulling you back - so you can feel steadier and more in charge of your life.
I help people who feel stuck to move forward, so they can have a better life. Has that thing you turn to for brief relief just trapped you again in guilt and regret? Or perhaps you’ve just had the same argument in another form - you want closeness but find yourself caught in patterns that seem to push it away, locking you in a cycle of distance and blame. You want things to be different, yet somehow end up in the same painful place - repeating patterns that leave you frustrated, ashamed or alone. I can help you make sense of what keeps pulling you back - so you can feel steadier and more in charge of your life.
01582 377820 View 01582 377820
Photo of Rebecca Hunt, Counsellor, MBACP
Rebecca Hunt
Counsellor, MBACP
I am an experienced, empathic psychodynamic therapist, caring passionately about what I do. I take a relational approach with my clients whilst thinking psychodynamically, allowing clients to talk through life experiences and emotional distress. This will help to unravel some of your difficult emotions, anxieties and distress. I believe that a greater understanding of yourself is the path to lasting and positive changes for the future. I will work collaboratively with you to make sense of feelings that may feel painful or confusing.
I am an experienced, empathic psychodynamic therapist, caring passionately about what I do. I take a relational approach with my clients whilst thinking psychodynamically, allowing clients to talk through life experiences and emotional distress. This will help to unravel some of your difficult emotions, anxieties and distress. I believe that a greater understanding of yourself is the path to lasting and positive changes for the future. I will work collaboratively with you to make sense of feelings that may feel painful or confusing.
01582 377260 View 01582 377260
Photo of Dawn Kett, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Dawn Kett
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
3 Endorsed
Experiencing difficult thoughts and emotions are a natural part of being human—they aren’t the problem in themselves. What often matters most is how we respond to them and those responses can have a powerful impact on our wellbeing. At times, our reactions can keep us stuck in patterns of worry, self-doubt, avoidance or self-criticism. Through CBT and Mindfulness, we work together to understand these patterns and develop more helpful ways of responding, so you can feel more in control and move forward with greater confidence. Gaining insight into how your mind works can be both empowering and freeing.
Experiencing difficult thoughts and emotions are a natural part of being human—they aren’t the problem in themselves. What often matters most is how we respond to them and those responses can have a powerful impact on our wellbeing. At times, our reactions can keep us stuck in patterns of worry, self-doubt, avoidance or self-criticism. Through CBT and Mindfulness, we work together to understand these patterns and develop more helpful ways of responding, so you can feel more in control and move forward with greater confidence. Gaining insight into how your mind works can be both empowering and freeing.
01727 649255 View 01727 649255
Photo of Melissa Powenski - Melissa Powenski Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Melissa Powenski Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
I specialise in supporting women who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from themselves, particularly during major life transitions, whether this be during adolesence, pregnancy, motherhood, identity shifts, or periods of burnout. I work alongside an individuals goals whether that be looking at past trauma and managing current behaviours and thoughts, or establishing meaningful routines including movement to promote wellness that suits your life. Alongside this, I have expertise and skill in working with individuals who are neurodivergent, whether formally diagnosed or newly exploring their neurodivergent identity.
I specialise in supporting women who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from themselves, particularly during major life transitions, whether this be during adolesence, pregnancy, motherhood, identity shifts, or periods of burnout. I work alongside an individuals goals whether that be looking at past trauma and managing current behaviours and thoughts, or establishing meaningful routines including movement to promote wellness that suits your life. Alongside this, I have expertise and skill in working with individuals who are neurodivergent, whether formally diagnosed or newly exploring their neurodivergent identity.
01727 649247 View 01727 649247
Photo of Effie Molyva, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Effie Molyva
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a BABCP accredited CBT therapist with extensive experience supporting clients with anxiety and depression both in the NHS as well as privately. In my practice I work together with clients to offer support for a range of anxiety disorders including social anxiety, health anxiety, treatment of phobias, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Panic attacks, OCD and Generalised anxiety as well as difficulties with low mood. An area of particular interest for me is offering support to women and men who may struggle during the perinatal period. Having a baby is an exciting
I am a BABCP accredited CBT therapist with extensive experience supporting clients with anxiety and depression both in the NHS as well as privately. In my practice I work together with clients to offer support for a range of anxiety disorders including social anxiety, health anxiety, treatment of phobias, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Panic attacks, OCD and Generalised anxiety as well as difficulties with low mood. An area of particular interest for me is offering support to women and men who may struggle during the perinatal period. Having a baby is an exciting
01727 638249 View 01727 638249
Photo of Michelle Pritchard - Michelle Pritchard Counselling & Psychotherapy, Counsellor, MBACP
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or struggling with painful emotions you find hard to share with others? I am a fully qualified, experienced, BACP- registered psychotherapist providing a safe, supportive space to help you feel heard and understood. I work with people from all walks of life; students grappling with the complexities of life, women at all stages; motherhood, relationship breakdown, work or menopause and those facing bereavement, exploring sexuality or gripped by depression. You'll find me an attentive and patient listener. I'll work at your pace and help you to find your way through your challenges.
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or struggling with painful emotions you find hard to share with others? I am a fully qualified, experienced, BACP- registered psychotherapist providing a safe, supportive space to help you feel heard and understood. I work with people from all walks of life; students grappling with the complexities of life, women at all stages; motherhood, relationship breakdown, work or menopause and those facing bereavement, exploring sexuality or gripped by depression. You'll find me an attentive and patient listener. I'll work at your pace and help you to find your way through your challenges.
01727 222363 View 01727 222363

See more therapy options for St Albans

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in St Albans

200+

Average cost per session

£75

Counsellors in St Albans who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
83% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
73% Stress
64% Trauma and PTSD
59% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aviva
61% AXA PPP
59% Bupa

How Counsellors in St Albans see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in St Albans?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.