Trauma and PTSD Counselling in Sheffield

Photo of Heather Emblen - Heather @ Lantern Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Heather @ Lantern Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
I specialise in working with a range of mental health problems including anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, panic, phobias, health anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.
Struggling with anxiety, stress, or low self-esteem? As a BABCP-accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, EMDR practitioner, and supervisor at the University of Sheffield, I help individuals regain confidence, manage worry, and improve focus. My CBT and EMDR therapy sessions support challenges like anxiety, racing thoughts, OCD, difficulty relaxing, self-doubt, social/work struggles, difficulties with traumatic experiences and poor concentration. Therapy empowers you to feel calmer, more confident, and in control, helping you reconnect with your best self and achieve your goals.
I specialise in working with a range of mental health problems including anxiety, OCD, social anxiety, panic, phobias, health anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.
Struggling with anxiety, stress, or low self-esteem? As a BABCP-accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, EMDR practitioner, and supervisor at the University of Sheffield, I help individuals regain confidence, manage worry, and improve focus. My CBT and EMDR therapy sessions support challenges like anxiety, racing thoughts, OCD, difficulty relaxing, self-doubt, social/work struggles, difficulties with traumatic experiences and poor concentration. Therapy empowers you to feel calmer, more confident, and in control, helping you reconnect with your best self and achieve your goals.
0114 551 7141 View 0114 551 7141
Photo of Laura Flann, Counsellor, BACP
Laura Flann
Counsellor, BACP
1 Endorsed
I follow a 3-phase trauma model and draw from a selection of therapeutic approaches to help a person overcome challenges such as PTSD, C- PTSD and dissociative struggles.
I am an integrative trauma therapist that specialise in trauma, dissociation and eating disorders. I am currently undergoing the ISSTD training to specialise in Dissociative disorders including dissociative identity disorder (DID). I currently support those with DID under the supervision of a DID specialist supervisor and I am qualified to diagnose dissociative disorders including DID & Partial DID/OSDD through administration of the SCID-D diagnostic interview.
I follow a 3-phase trauma model and draw from a selection of therapeutic approaches to help a person overcome challenges such as PTSD, C- PTSD and dissociative struggles.
I am an integrative trauma therapist that specialise in trauma, dissociation and eating disorders. I am currently undergoing the ISSTD training to specialise in Dissociative disorders including dissociative identity disorder (DID). I currently support those with DID under the supervision of a DID specialist supervisor and I am qualified to diagnose dissociative disorders including DID & Partial DID/OSDD through administration of the SCID-D diagnostic interview.
0114 697 4339 View 0114 697 4339
Photo of Sally Moore, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Sally Moore
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I also offer EMDR, a NICE approved therapy, for PTSD, Phobias, Anxiety, and many other issues.
I have additional experience working with a charity, providing counselling to mums who have left coercive, controlling partners. I am planning a small, psych-educational therapy group for people looking for a safe space with others who ‘get it’, to gain clarity and move forward.
I also offer EMDR, a NICE approved therapy, for PTSD, Phobias, Anxiety, and many other issues.
I have additional experience working with a charity, providing counselling to mums who have left coercive, controlling partners. I am planning a small, psych-educational therapy group for people looking for a safe space with others who ‘get it’, to gain clarity and move forward.
0114 478 2078 View 0114 478 2078
Photo of Victoria Moorhead, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Victoria Moorhead
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
I worked at Specialist Psychotherapy Services (NHS) for the Mood, Anxiety and PTSD Psychotherapy Service (MAPPS), from 2013, until 2022.
I use a range of techniques - CBT, Eye Movement Desensitising and Reprocessing (EMDR), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy. I am also a fully qualified adult ADHD Assessor, in line with NICE guidelines.
I worked at Specialist Psychotherapy Services (NHS) for the Mood, Anxiety and PTSD Psychotherapy Service (MAPPS), from 2013, until 2022.
I use a range of techniques - CBT, Eye Movement Desensitising and Reprocessing (EMDR), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy. I am also a fully qualified adult ADHD Assessor, in line with NICE guidelines.
0114 697 1711 View 0114 697 1711
Photo of Ciaran Hurley, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Ciaran Hurley
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
My work helps people with problems like PTSD, anxiety and depression, changes in health, loss & bereavement, life changes, OCD, borderline personality disorder or emotionally unstable personality disorder, gender dysphoria and difficulties related to sex & relationship diversity.
I believe everyone deserves good health in all aspects of their physical, emotional, mental, social and spiritual lives. I’ll draw on a range of knowledge and skills that match your needs and give you the best chance of living your life in a way that’s honest, fulfilling and rewarding.
My work helps people with problems like PTSD, anxiety and depression, changes in health, loss & bereavement, life changes, OCD, borderline personality disorder or emotionally unstable personality disorder, gender dysphoria and difficulties related to sex & relationship diversity.
I believe everyone deserves good health in all aspects of their physical, emotional, mental, social and spiritual lives. I’ll draw on a range of knowledge and skills that match your needs and give you the best chance of living your life in a way that’s honest, fulfilling and rewarding.
0114 697 3034 View 0114 697 3034
Photo of Dr Debbie Daniels, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MUKCP
Dr Debbie Daniels
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MUKCP
Online Only
For trauma, PTSD, anxiety and ADHD I utilise both EMDR and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
Whatever emotional difficulties you are experiencing please be assured that I will bring to our sessions a background of extensive training and clinical experience. I am a Doctor of Psychotherapy; I have a master's degree in Psychotherapy and Counselling and I have over 30,000 hours of clinical experience over thirty years. If you are new to therapy I will endeavour to make you feel at ease and will answer your questions about the therapy I offer and how it might help. If you have experienced short term therapy but are now looking for a deeper journey, perhaps into your past, the approaches I use may be for you.
For trauma, PTSD, anxiety and ADHD I utilise both EMDR and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
Whatever emotional difficulties you are experiencing please be assured that I will bring to our sessions a background of extensive training and clinical experience. I am a Doctor of Psychotherapy; I have a master's degree in Psychotherapy and Counselling and I have over 30,000 hours of clinical experience over thirty years. If you are new to therapy I will endeavour to make you feel at ease and will answer your questions about the therapy I offer and how it might help. If you have experienced short term therapy but are now looking for a deeper journey, perhaps into your past, the approaches I use may be for you.
0114 697 1611 View 0114 697 1611
Photo of Sofia Tanzanu, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Sofia Tanzanu
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Waitlist for new clients
EMDR is a recognised approach for trauma, especially PTSD.
Hi, I’m Sofia. I am a BACP accredited Integrative Counsellor and EMDR Practitioner. I offer a personalised and compassionate approach to therapy, my aim is to create a safe, supportive, and confidential space where you can explore whatever is weighing on you, whether it’s day to day challenges or deeper concerns. I can help you if you’re struggling with: Feeling stuck or overwhelmed, Low self-esteem, Repeating patterns and low mood.
EMDR is a recognised approach for trauma, especially PTSD.
Hi, I’m Sofia. I am a BACP accredited Integrative Counsellor and EMDR Practitioner. I offer a personalised and compassionate approach to therapy, my aim is to create a safe, supportive, and confidential space where you can explore whatever is weighing on you, whether it’s day to day challenges or deeper concerns. I can help you if you’re struggling with: Feeling stuck or overwhelmed, Low self-esteem, Repeating patterns and low mood.
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Photo of Sharon Barker - MindScope Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
MindScope Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Maybe your haunted by trauma, PTSD, phobias, bullying, nightmares or anxiety.
Over the past 6 years I have also specialised in Autism & Neurodevelopment disorders, I emotionally support families, adults, parents, children & young people, from pre to post diagnosis and beyond. My counselling techniques are adapted to the individual, but are centred around empowerment, raising self-awareness, self-esteem and building confidence.
Maybe your haunted by trauma, PTSD, phobias, bullying, nightmares or anxiety.
Over the past 6 years I have also specialised in Autism & Neurodevelopment disorders, I emotionally support families, adults, parents, children & young people, from pre to post diagnosis and beyond. My counselling techniques are adapted to the individual, but are centred around empowerment, raising self-awareness, self-esteem and building confidence.
0114 697 0117 View 0114 697 0117
Photo of Chloe Goddard Mcloughlin, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP Accred
Chloe Goddard Mcloughlin
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
EMDR is an evidence based therapy that treats a range of issues including: trauma, anxiety, PTSD, phobias and depression.
Whether you're are feeling stuck in life, experiencing anxiety or depression or perhaps struggling with relationship issues that can't be resolved, the good news is that these are common issues that counselling can help with. I use the three main proven approaches used within counselling - psychodynamic, person-centred (sometimes referred to as humanistic) and cognitive-behavioural as well as EMDR therapy to treat trauma. This gives you more choice and, in turn, creates the flexibility to move towards your personal goals.
EMDR is an evidence based therapy that treats a range of issues including: trauma, anxiety, PTSD, phobias and depression.
Whether you're are feeling stuck in life, experiencing anxiety or depression or perhaps struggling with relationship issues that can't be resolved, the good news is that these are common issues that counselling can help with. I use the three main proven approaches used within counselling - psychodynamic, person-centred (sometimes referred to as humanistic) and cognitive-behavioural as well as EMDR therapy to treat trauma. This gives you more choice and, in turn, creates the flexibility to move towards your personal goals.
0114 697 3280 View 0114 697 3280
Photo of Catherine Murphy - Expressive Self Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Expressive Self Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you are navigating PTSD, OCD, complex emotional pain or are generally feeling stuck, I am here to help you find strength and resilience in your journey towards healing.
I offer Dramatherapy, CBT or an Integrative Approach. I provide a therapeutic space that feels safe and supportive. Our work can go beyond talking therapy, using expressive and experiential methods that allow you to explore feelings, memories, and thoughts in transformative ways. My practice centres on therapy through a trauma-informed lens.
Whether you are navigating PTSD, OCD, complex emotional pain or are generally feeling stuck, I am here to help you find strength and resilience in your journey towards healing.
I offer Dramatherapy, CBT or an Integrative Approach. I provide a therapeutic space that feels safe and supportive. Our work can go beyond talking therapy, using expressive and experiential methods that allow you to explore feelings, memories, and thoughts in transformative ways. My practice centres on therapy through a trauma-informed lens.
0115 647 2970 View 0115 647 2970
Photo of Charlotte Marles - Inner Motion Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Inner Motion Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
I commonly work with difficulties relating to anxiety, depression, trauma, ptsd, though this list in not exhaustive!
I'm Charlotte Marles founder of Inner Motion Therapy. I am a fully qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) accredited with the BABCP. I have 12 years experience working in mental health care in both the NHS and private sector, across a range of roles. I support clients with difficulties relating to Depression, Post traumatic stress, OCD, Phobia's, Panic, Social Anxiety, Health Anxiety, Generalised Anxiety, plus more !
I commonly work with difficulties relating to anxiety, depression, trauma, ptsd, though this list in not exhaustive!
I'm Charlotte Marles founder of Inner Motion Therapy. I am a fully qualified Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) accredited with the BABCP. I have 12 years experience working in mental health care in both the NHS and private sector, across a range of roles. I support clients with difficulties relating to Depression, Post traumatic stress, OCD, Phobia's, Panic, Social Anxiety, Health Anxiety, Generalised Anxiety, plus more !
01484 627524 View 01484 627524
Photo of Dr Rachel Lee - Dr Rachel Lee, Consultant Clinical Psychologist , Psychologist, CPsychol
Dr Rachel Lee, Consultant Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, CPsychol
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My team and I offer evidence-based therapies (EMDR, CBT, DBT and ACT) for trauma-related difficulties, PTSD, anxiety & low self esteem.
I offer specialist therapy (including EMDR) for anxiety & trauma symptoms such as low self-esteem, intrusive memories, nightmares, avoidance and overwhelming emotions. I'm a friendly, experienced Clinical Psychologist & accredited EMDR Consultant. I worked in the NHS for 20 years, including as a Consultant Clinical Psychologist. I now run my own psychology practice, North Star Psychology Ltd. I help people heal from trauma & change unhelpful patterns so that they can feel calmer and more confident, reach their goals, improve their relationships and live a more fulfilling life. Please contact me to arrange a free consultation.
My team and I offer evidence-based therapies (EMDR, CBT, DBT and ACT) for trauma-related difficulties, PTSD, anxiety & low self esteem.
I offer specialist therapy (including EMDR) for anxiety & trauma symptoms such as low self-esteem, intrusive memories, nightmares, avoidance and overwhelming emotions. I'm a friendly, experienced Clinical Psychologist & accredited EMDR Consultant. I worked in the NHS for 20 years, including as a Consultant Clinical Psychologist. I now run my own psychology practice, North Star Psychology Ltd. I help people heal from trauma & change unhelpful patterns so that they can feel calmer and more confident, reach their goals, improve their relationships and live a more fulfilling life. Please contact me to arrange a free consultation.
01484 627167 View 01484 627167
Photo of Maggie Spark - Maggie Spark @ Lantern Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Maggie Spark @ Lantern Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Online Only
I offer one-to-one Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and EMDR for a wide range of difficulties, including depression, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD), social anxiety, generalised anxiety, body dysmorphia, and OCD.
My name is Maggie and I am a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and qualified EMDR therapist at Lantern Psychotherapy. Lantern Psychotherapy are a small group of professional, experienced therapists providing high quality online therapy, enabling you to access your therapy at a time and place convenient to you. I have many years' experience of providing therapy in the NHS, and I currently work as Deputy Programme Director for the Post-Graduate Diploma in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy at the University of Sheffield alongside my private practice.
I offer one-to-one Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and EMDR for a wide range of difficulties, including depression, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD), social anxiety, generalised anxiety, body dysmorphia, and OCD.
My name is Maggie and I am a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and qualified EMDR therapist at Lantern Psychotherapy. Lantern Psychotherapy are a small group of professional, experienced therapists providing high quality online therapy, enabling you to access your therapy at a time and place convenient to you. I have many years' experience of providing therapy in the NHS, and I currently work as Deputy Programme Director for the Post-Graduate Diploma in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy at the University of Sheffield alongside my private practice.
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Photo of Ayesha Hussain, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Ayesha Hussain
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Online Only
Supporting people with common mental health problems such as Depression, Generalized anxiety, social anxiety, PTSD, health anxiety, OCD, panic disorder, specific phobias, eating disorders, low self esteem and body image.
I offer an approach where my client is at the heart of everything we do, we will work in a collaborative manner and focusing on what you feel is important. After all you know your self better than anyone, my main goal is to help my clients become the best version of themselves.
Supporting people with common mental health problems such as Depression, Generalized anxiety, social anxiety, PTSD, health anxiety, OCD, panic disorder, specific phobias, eating disorders, low self esteem and body image.
I offer an approach where my client is at the heart of everything we do, we will work in a collaborative manner and focusing on what you feel is important. After all you know your self better than anyone, my main goal is to help my clients become the best version of themselves.
01924 943968 View 01924 943968
Photo of Adeola Iluyomade, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Adeola Iluyomade
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Serves Area
I offer a space to talk, giving you time out to reflect and to explore self-development. As an Integrative Relational Therapeutic Counsellor, I draw on different models of therapy including Psychodynamic, Systemic, Interpersonal Process, CBT, Transactional Analysis amongst others in supporting you to reach your desired goals to maximise your full potentials. Meaning, you will find my approach friendly, empowering and conversational in style. I take great care in ensuring that you feel safe, respected and valued. I offer flexibility of short or long term therapy as tailored round your needs. I adhere to the ethics & codes of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy.
I offer a space to talk, giving you time out to reflect and to explore self-development. As an Integrative Relational Therapeutic Counsellor, I draw on different models of therapy including Psychodynamic, Systemic, Interpersonal Process, CBT, Transactional Analysis amongst others in supporting you to reach your desired goals to maximise your full potentials. Meaning, you will find my approach friendly, empowering and conversational in style. I take great care in ensuring that you feel safe, respected and valued. I offer flexibility of short or long term therapy as tailored round your needs. I adhere to the ethics & codes of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy.
0113 467 9309 View 0113 467 9309
Photo of Jack Brown, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Jack Brown
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I blend ACT with evidence based CBT techniques for treating depression and anxiety (including OCD, GAD, BDD, phobias, health anxiety, and PTSD).
I'm Jack, a psychotherapist with extensive experience in a range of evidence-based approaches, including CBT, ACT, MBCT, and EMDR. From personal experience, I know finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming. It is a big investment of your time and finances after all. My role as a senior psychological therapist in the NHS taught me that no two people are the same, so therapy shouldn’t be one-size-fits-all. Therefore the approaches I use combine structure with flexibility and can be tailored to your unique needs. You can learn more about how I work on my website, and I’m always happy to discuss any questions you might have.
I blend ACT with evidence based CBT techniques for treating depression and anxiety (including OCD, GAD, BDD, phobias, health anxiety, and PTSD).
I'm Jack, a psychotherapist with extensive experience in a range of evidence-based approaches, including CBT, ACT, MBCT, and EMDR. From personal experience, I know finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming. It is a big investment of your time and finances after all. My role as a senior psychological therapist in the NHS taught me that no two people are the same, so therapy shouldn’t be one-size-fits-all. Therefore the approaches I use combine structure with flexibility and can be tailored to your unique needs. You can learn more about how I work on my website, and I’m always happy to discuss any questions you might have.
0161 524 4157 View 0161 524 4157
Photo of Lara Myers, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Lara Myers
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I work with clients who have experienced relational trauma in childhood or as adults and the difficulties that arise : PTSD, depression, low self esteem, shame, anger and problems forming safe trusting relationships.
I have worked with clients across a number of settings including NHS, charitable organisations providing support for bearevement, trauma, childhood issues/ abuse, and private practice. I provide both short term support e.g. 6-8 sessions and longer term therapy. I offer an initial assessment session to decide how to work together and session frequency.
I work with clients who have experienced relational trauma in childhood or as adults and the difficulties that arise : PTSD, depression, low self esteem, shame, anger and problems forming safe trusting relationships.
I have worked with clients across a number of settings including NHS, charitable organisations providing support for bearevement, trauma, childhood issues/ abuse, and private practice. I provide both short term support e.g. 6-8 sessions and longer term therapy. I offer an initial assessment session to decide how to work together and session frequency.
07866 849412 View 07866 849412
Photo of Michael Cousin, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Michael Cousin
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Online Only
I have significant experience with clients who have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD) and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).
Sessions with me will draw on three main areas, talking therapy and creative psychotherapy in order to get a full sense of you as a client and if appropriate to identify unresolved trauma to target with EMDR.
I have significant experience with clients who have Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( PTSD) and Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).
Sessions with me will draw on three main areas, talking therapy and creative psychotherapy in order to get a full sense of you as a client and if appropriate to identify unresolved trauma to target with EMDR.
029 2271 2637 View 029 2271 2637
Photo of Dr James Spiers, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr James Spiers
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I offer specialist assessment and treatment for people experiencing persisting anxiety based problems, trauma, PTSD and complex PTSD, including functional neurological disorders (FND) and non-epileptic seizures (NEAD).
Psychological treatment for persisting problems commonly involves exploring the roots of what maintains the difficulty. This often requires integrating techniques from different therapy approaches, tailored to your individual needs. The main aim of therapy is to help you to more fully understand yourself and improve your psychological and emotional health.
I offer specialist assessment and treatment for people experiencing persisting anxiety based problems, trauma, PTSD and complex PTSD, including functional neurological disorders (FND) and non-epileptic seizures (NEAD).
Psychological treatment for persisting problems commonly involves exploring the roots of what maintains the difficulty. This often requires integrating techniques from different therapy approaches, tailored to your individual needs. The main aim of therapy is to help you to more fully understand yourself and improve your psychological and emotional health.
Photo of Sarah Alison Kitley-Jones, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Sarah Alison Kitley-Jones
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
I am a person centred psychotherapist with lived experience of trauma and mental health difficulties. I work with you to identify areas of difficulty and distress. I have experience of working with clients suffering from PTSD, trauma, abuse, depression and other MH conditions. I have a studio in my garden for one to one Art Psychotherapy and also work online. I would be happy to discuss with you your needs and also to see if we can work together.
I am a person centred psychotherapist with lived experience of trauma and mental health difficulties. I work with you to identify areas of difficulty and distress. I have experience of working with clients suffering from PTSD, trauma, abuse, depression and other MH conditions. I have a studio in my garden for one to one Art Psychotherapy and also work online. I would be happy to discuss with you your needs and also to see if we can work together.
0114 697 0063 View 0114 697 0063

See more therapy options for Sheffield

Trauma and PTSD Counsellors

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.