Autism Counselling in Sheffield

Photo of Sara Bartlett Brown, Counsellor, MBACP
Sara Bartlett Brown
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
I've completed a Post Grad Cert in Autism with Dr Luke Beardon and I read widely the writing & research by autistic writers & advocates.
I work online with adult autistic Individuals and with Couples in the UK. I provide an accessible & compassionate service that reduces distress & enables people to address what is difficult. If we have not been understood and accepted we may develop ways of being and doing that do not support our well being. We keep our true selves hidden from others and whilst this protects us, it can cause much pain and limit us. With an understanding therapist we can trust, we begin to make sense of who we are, how we are and what has happened to us in our lives. We can be truer to ourselves and live with more confidence, ease and freedom.
I've completed a Post Grad Cert in Autism with Dr Luke Beardon and I read widely the writing & research by autistic writers & advocates.
I work online with adult autistic Individuals and with Couples in the UK. I provide an accessible & compassionate service that reduces distress & enables people to address what is difficult. If we have not been understood and accepted we may develop ways of being and doing that do not support our well being. We keep our true selves hidden from others and whilst this protects us, it can cause much pain and limit us. With an understanding therapist we can trust, we begin to make sense of who we are, how we are and what has happened to us in our lives. We can be truer to ourselves and live with more confidence, ease and freedom.
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Photo of Anna Potts, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Anna Potts
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
If you are: adjusting to a diagnosis like autism; a young adult starting something or leaving home; processing ‘positive’ changes or news; leaving church or a religion.
I can use a range of tools from different counselling approaches, depending on what you communicate to me (Integrative Counselling.) In a session, I listen, contribute, respond, ask questions and offer suggestions. I might invite you to do activities, share knowledge or provide resources. I am Person-Centred, strongly influenced by related theory and values.
If you are: adjusting to a diagnosis like autism; a young adult starting something or leaving home; processing ‘positive’ changes or news; leaving church or a religion.
I can use a range of tools from different counselling approaches, depending on what you communicate to me (Integrative Counselling.) In a session, I listen, contribute, respond, ask questions and offer suggestions. I might invite you to do activities, share knowledge or provide resources. I am Person-Centred, strongly influenced by related theory and values.
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Photo of Julie Dawn Frith, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Julie Dawn Frith
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Online Only
I am excited to leverage my experience and knowledge to provide dedicated, empathetic support to those navigating the challenges and celebrating the triumphs of living with ADHD and Autism.
Embracing Change and Following Your Passion After many rewarding years in special educational needs , I am thrilled to announce a new chapter in my professional journey. I have decided to follow my passion for counselling, with a special focus on supporting individuals with ADHD and Autism.
I am excited to leverage my experience and knowledge to provide dedicated, empathetic support to those navigating the challenges and celebrating the triumphs of living with ADHD and Autism.
Embracing Change and Following Your Passion After many rewarding years in special educational needs , I am thrilled to announce a new chapter in my professional journey. I have decided to follow my passion for counselling, with a special focus on supporting individuals with ADHD and Autism.
0114 697 3216 View 0114 697 3216
Photo of Ruby Rainbow Willows, Counsellor, MBACP
Ruby Rainbow Willows
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
As someone with lived experience of Autism and ADHD I have an awareness and understanding of processing needs and how this may come into play during sessions.
I welcome clients from all backgrounds and identities, I am an advocate for counselling being accessible for all. I am listening to what you say, not just the words themselves but the emotion behind them. I share insights on what I notice, this is to show you you're truly heard but also I may ask you questions on these for opening up different narratives.
As someone with lived experience of Autism and ADHD I have an awareness and understanding of processing needs and how this may come into play during sessions.
I welcome clients from all backgrounds and identities, I am an advocate for counselling being accessible for all. I am listening to what you say, not just the words themselves but the emotion behind them. I share insights on what I notice, this is to show you you're truly heard but also I may ask you questions on these for opening up different narratives.
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Photo of Sharon Barker - MindScope Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
MindScope Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Over the past 6 years I have also specialised in Autism & Neurodevelopment disorders, I emotionally support families, adults, parents, children & young people, from pre to post diagnosis and beyond.
Does everything just feel too stressful and overwhelming? Are you plagued by negative thought patterns, maybe, you just don't feel 'good enough' or that you don't 'fit in'? Has your self-esteem took a knock. As a Person centred counsellor I will listen without judgement, empower and support you. 'You' are the expert, this is your life, your thoughts, feelings, emotions, and behaviours are all important and extremely valid. Maybe your haunted by trauma, PTSD, phobias, bullying, nightmares or anxiety. By using Rewind therapy, together we can reframe the trauma and the fear offering you a happier, better quality of life.
Over the past 6 years I have also specialised in Autism & Neurodevelopment disorders, I emotionally support families, adults, parents, children & young people, from pre to post diagnosis and beyond.
Does everything just feel too stressful and overwhelming? Are you plagued by negative thought patterns, maybe, you just don't feel 'good enough' or that you don't 'fit in'? Has your self-esteem took a knock. As a Person centred counsellor I will listen without judgement, empower and support you. 'You' are the expert, this is your life, your thoughts, feelings, emotions, and behaviours are all important and extremely valid. Maybe your haunted by trauma, PTSD, phobias, bullying, nightmares or anxiety. By using Rewind therapy, together we can reframe the trauma and the fear offering you a happier, better quality of life.
0114 697 0117 View 0114 697 0117
Photo of Sophie Jane Taylor, Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP
Sophie Jane Taylor
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP
Online Only
I am a qualified integrative counsellor and psychotherapist with experience of client work in the NHS at Sheffield Adult Autism & Neurodevelopmental Service and Workplace Wellbeing.
My main areas of expertise are neurodiversity and / or workplace wellbeing. Perhaps you think you may be neurodivergent but don't have a diagnosis? You may be on a waiting list for assessment or you may have recently received a diagnosis? Considering the workplace, perhaps you are experiencing a high workload, bullying, structural reorganisation or coping with disciplinary action? Are you experiencing low self-esteem, low mood or sleeping problems? Sometimes events outside of work, such as bereavement, separation or ill health, can affect ability to focus on work. These are all experiences that we can work on together.
I am a qualified integrative counsellor and psychotherapist with experience of client work in the NHS at Sheffield Adult Autism & Neurodevelopmental Service and Workplace Wellbeing.
My main areas of expertise are neurodiversity and / or workplace wellbeing. Perhaps you think you may be neurodivergent but don't have a diagnosis? You may be on a waiting list for assessment or you may have recently received a diagnosis? Considering the workplace, perhaps you are experiencing a high workload, bullying, structural reorganisation or coping with disciplinary action? Are you experiencing low self-esteem, low mood or sleeping problems? Sometimes events outside of work, such as bereavement, separation or ill health, can affect ability to focus on work. These are all experiences that we can work on together.
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Photo of Dr Karla Headon, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Karla Headon
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My skillset spans a variety of domains - I currently carry out private therapy work, Autism diagnostic assessments, risk and developmental assessments for children/young people, and also work within an inpatient service for individuals with the most acute mental health needs.
At the core of my approach is building the therapeutic relationship - the research tells us a strong therapeutic relationship contributes to successful outcomes. I work with all adults with various mental health challenges, and have specialist experience in neurodevelopmental conditions ( Autism/ADHD) having worked extensively within a specialist ND service.
My skillset spans a variety of domains - I currently carry out private therapy work, Autism diagnostic assessments, risk and developmental assessments for children/young people, and also work within an inpatient service for individuals with the most acute mental health needs.
At the core of my approach is building the therapeutic relationship - the research tells us a strong therapeutic relationship contributes to successful outcomes. I work with all adults with various mental health challenges, and have specialist experience in neurodevelopmental conditions ( Autism/ADHD) having worked extensively within a specialist ND service.
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Photo of Dr Samantha Lewis - Dr Samantha Lewis: ADHD and Autism specialist , Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Samantha Lewis: ADHD and Autism specialist
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist who has worked exclusively in the area of adult Autism (previously known as Asperger’s syndrome) and ADHD for over 20 years, both in the NHS and in private practice.
I’m a highly specialised Consultant Clinical Psychologist passionate about the needs of neuro divergent clients (ASD/ADHD). I believe a diagnostic assessment should be comprehensive, of high clinical standard whilst also being meaningful, compassionate, help the individual to understand how the diagnosis relates to them and also recognise their strengths
I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist who has worked exclusively in the area of adult Autism (previously known as Asperger’s syndrome) and ADHD for over 20 years, both in the NHS and in private practice.
I’m a highly specialised Consultant Clinical Psychologist passionate about the needs of neuro divergent clients (ASD/ADHD). I believe a diagnostic assessment should be comprehensive, of high clinical standard whilst also being meaningful, compassionate, help the individual to understand how the diagnosis relates to them and also recognise their strengths
0116 366 8080 View 0116 366 8080
Photo of Hannah Mitchell, Psychotherapist, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Hannah Mitchell
Psychotherapist, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
I specialise in working with anxiety, ADHD, autism, and trauma, providing a compassionate and tailored approach to therapy that recognises the unique experiences and challenges of each individual.
My name is Hannah and I’m a Person-Centred Psychotherapist. I understand that starting therapy can feel daunting, especially if you’ve ever felt misunderstood, uncomfortable in traditional settings, or unsure how to express yourself. That’s why I’m dedicated to creating a warm, safe, and accommodating space where you can feel accepted and valued exactly as you are. I work in a person-centred way, placing you at the heart of therapy in a safe, judgment-free space. My approach is flexible and fluid, adapting to your unique needs and preferences. Sessions move at your pace, ensuring therapy feels responsive, and tailored to you.
I specialise in working with anxiety, ADHD, autism, and trauma, providing a compassionate and tailored approach to therapy that recognises the unique experiences and challenges of each individual.
My name is Hannah and I’m a Person-Centred Psychotherapist. I understand that starting therapy can feel daunting, especially if you’ve ever felt misunderstood, uncomfortable in traditional settings, or unsure how to express yourself. That’s why I’m dedicated to creating a warm, safe, and accommodating space where you can feel accepted and valued exactly as you are. I work in a person-centred way, placing you at the heart of therapy in a safe, judgment-free space. My approach is flexible and fluid, adapting to your unique needs and preferences. Sessions move at your pace, ensuring therapy feels responsive, and tailored to you.
01773 301543 View 01773 301543
Photo of Louise Willetts - Women/Children: Trauma and Anxiety., Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Women/Children: Trauma and Anxiety.
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Online Only
I am an autism friendly therapist who works to empower women and children, build self-esteem, reduce anxiety, and learn lifelong coping skills.
Are you an adult grappling with anxiety or people-pleasing, or a parent concerned about a child facing emotional challenges like bullying or trauma? These struggles can impact both adults and children. Adults may find it hard to trust themselves or maintain healthy relationships, while children might withdraw or have difficulty expressing emotions. It’s time to break free from these patterns, prioritise mental health, and work towards a more fulfilling, balanced life for yourself or your child.
I am an autism friendly therapist who works to empower women and children, build self-esteem, reduce anxiety, and learn lifelong coping skills.
Are you an adult grappling with anxiety or people-pleasing, or a parent concerned about a child facing emotional challenges like bullying or trauma? These struggles can impact both adults and children. Adults may find it hard to trust themselves or maintain healthy relationships, while children might withdraw or have difficulty expressing emotions. It’s time to break free from these patterns, prioritise mental health, and work towards a more fulfilling, balanced life for yourself or your child.
07404 448713 View 07404 448713
Photo of Claire Michele Taylor - Inspire Counselling and Wellbeing , Counsellor, MBACP
Inspire Counselling and Wellbeing
Counsellor, MBACP
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
I also have extensive experience supporting individuals with learning disabilities and neurodiversity such as autism and ADHD.
Welcome to Inspire Counselling and Wellbeing practice. My name is Claire, and I am a dedicated, compassionate, and qualified counsellor. My approach is integrative, meaning I utilise a variety of therapeutic techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of every client. My ethos is rooted in empathy, understanding, listening and a deep commitment to empower personal growth and healing. Creating a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their feelings without judgement, fostering a therapeutic relationship. I am proficient working with anxiety, depression, trauma, bereavement, domestic abuse and neurodivergence.
I also have extensive experience supporting individuals with learning disabilities and neurodiversity such as autism and ADHD.
Welcome to Inspire Counselling and Wellbeing practice. My name is Claire, and I am a dedicated, compassionate, and qualified counsellor. My approach is integrative, meaning I utilise a variety of therapeutic techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of every client. My ethos is rooted in empathy, understanding, listening and a deep commitment to empower personal growth and healing. Creating a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their feelings without judgement, fostering a therapeutic relationship. I am proficient working with anxiety, depression, trauma, bereavement, domestic abuse and neurodivergence.
01246 948541 View 01246 948541
Photo of Marie Butcher - Mariebcounselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Mariebcounselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I am a mum of two young people with autism/ ADHD & understand the journeyt as a parent.
If you are looking for counselling services that specialise in neurodiversity, additional needs and siblings support, reach out today. Young people deserve to be heard, understood and supported on their journey to wellbeing. Parenting is challenging in the best of circumstances—even neurotypical children have immature self-regulation. But parenting a neurodivergent child is rewarding but also can be a different category of challenges. Having lived experience as a parent, a young person's unhappiness permeates to the whole family. Counselling not only supports your young person but also the wellbeing of the whole family too.
I am a mum of two young people with autism/ ADHD & understand the journeyt as a parent.
If you are looking for counselling services that specialise in neurodiversity, additional needs and siblings support, reach out today. Young people deserve to be heard, understood and supported on their journey to wellbeing. Parenting is challenging in the best of circumstances—even neurotypical children have immature self-regulation. But parenting a neurodivergent child is rewarding but also can be a different category of challenges. Having lived experience as a parent, a young person's unhappiness permeates to the whole family. Counselling not only supports your young person but also the wellbeing of the whole family too.
01909 492588 View 01909 492588
Photo of Abby Sarkar, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Abby Sarkar
Psychotherapist, MBACP
I have worked with many individuals who identify as neurodivergent and I have completed training on Understanding Autism and ADHD.
Searching for the right therapist may feel daunting and there are a number of reasons why you may be reading this. You may have a strong sense of what you need or perhaps you’re not too sure of what it is you’re feeling. Whatever you bring to our sessions, I will listen attentively and non-judgmentally, with curiosity, warmth and empathy, helping you to develop understanding and self-compassion.
I have worked with many individuals who identify as neurodivergent and I have completed training on Understanding Autism and ADHD.
Searching for the right therapist may feel daunting and there are a number of reasons why you may be reading this. You may have a strong sense of what you need or perhaps you’re not too sure of what it is you’re feeling. Whatever you bring to our sessions, I will listen attentively and non-judgmentally, with curiosity, warmth and empathy, helping you to develop understanding and self-compassion.
0114 697 5987 View 0114 697 5987
Photo of Clara Peiro-Timoner, Counsellor, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Clara Peiro-Timoner
Counsellor, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Online Only
Being neurodivergent myself, I've been drawn to work with autism, ADHD and other neurotypes, as well as the gender, sexuality, kink, and relationship diversity (polyamory/non-monogamy) community, including sex workers.
I believe that every person has the inner wisdom and potential to create a fulfilling life for themselves. However, at some point, most of us will find that we need external perspective and a space to explore issues that might make us feel stuck or hopeless. To me, counselling is a collaborative and creative relational process, and my role in it is helping people find their own personal power and joy, no matter their personal circumstances. I'm an energetic practitioner who will laugh and get excited with you, but I will also always respect your rhythm and create space for grief, pain and stuckness, for as long as it is needed.
Being neurodivergent myself, I've been drawn to work with autism, ADHD and other neurotypes, as well as the gender, sexuality, kink, and relationship diversity (polyamory/non-monogamy) community, including sex workers.
I believe that every person has the inner wisdom and potential to create a fulfilling life for themselves. However, at some point, most of us will find that we need external perspective and a space to explore issues that might make us feel stuck or hopeless. To me, counselling is a collaborative and creative relational process, and my role in it is helping people find their own personal power and joy, no matter their personal circumstances. I'm an energetic practitioner who will laugh and get excited with you, but I will also always respect your rhythm and create space for grief, pain and stuckness, for as long as it is needed.
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Photo of Dr Tria J Moore, Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Dr Tria J Moore
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Health Psych.
bereavement, retirement, divorce, parenting, chronic or life-threatening illness, adult autism & ADHD, eating disorders, difficult/abusive relationships.
I am a BPS Chartered Psychologist, a HCPC Practitioner Health Psychologist and a trained psychotherapist. I am a sensitive and empathic person with personal experience of distressing and challenging life events. I aim to help deepen your connection to your inner needs and resources. I use a range of approaches that are focused on you.
bereavement, retirement, divorce, parenting, chronic or life-threatening illness, adult autism & ADHD, eating disorders, difficult/abusive relationships.
I am a BPS Chartered Psychologist, a HCPC Practitioner Health Psychologist and a trained psychotherapist. I am a sensitive and empathic person with personal experience of distressing and challenging life events. I aim to help deepen your connection to your inner needs and resources. I use a range of approaches that are focused on you.
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Photo of Kasalina Muwanga - Kasalina Walker Therapy, Counsellor
I can help you to understand your ADHD/ Autism and sensory triggers and also look at what is causing you to experience emotional regulation issues.
I can help you to manage anxiety, emotional regulation problems and panic attacks so that they stop interfering with your everyday life. Do you find yourself afraid to leave the house out of fear you might have a panic attack whilst in public? Afraid to be in social situations because you sometimes don't know what to say or how you should act? Do your emotions seem very intense over things others say aren't serious? Is stress keeping you awake at night? Problems maintaining steady friendships and relationships? I can help you with Anxiety, Panic Attacks, Coping Skills, Developing Personalised Tool Kit, ADHD & Emotional Regulation.
I can help you to understand your ADHD/ Autism and sensory triggers and also look at what is causing you to experience emotional regulation issues.
I can help you to manage anxiety, emotional regulation problems and panic attacks so that they stop interfering with your everyday life. Do you find yourself afraid to leave the house out of fear you might have a panic attack whilst in public? Afraid to be in social situations because you sometimes don't know what to say or how you should act? Do your emotions seem very intense over things others say aren't serious? Is stress keeping you awake at night? Problems maintaining steady friendships and relationships? I can help you with Anxiety, Panic Attacks, Coping Skills, Developing Personalised Tool Kit, ADHD & Emotional Regulation.
01724 709530 View 01724 709530
Photo of Dr Lucy Murray, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Lucy Murray
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
I support parental mental health needs including anxiety, depression, Autism and ADHD.
As a Clinical Psychologist, I'm trained to Doctoral level in assessment, formulation and intervention. I draw on different psychological models to inform our work together including Compassion Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Brief and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. My approach is informed by Attachment Theory.
I support parental mental health needs including anxiety, depression, Autism and ADHD.
As a Clinical Psychologist, I'm trained to Doctoral level in assessment, formulation and intervention. I draw on different psychological models to inform our work together including Compassion Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Brief and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. My approach is informed by Attachment Theory.
0114 697 1116 View 0114 697 1116
Photo of Sarah French, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Sarah French
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Online Only
Many people have experienced misdiagnosis often with autism or ADHD overlooked and misunderstood by therapists.
My name is Sarah and I have over 20 years experience working as a Psychotherapist in the NHS and in private practice. I specialise in CBT, ACT, Compassion focused approaches and in EMDR. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), includes a range of talking therapies, all based on the idea that thoughts, feelings, what we do, and how our bodies feel, are all connected. If we change one of these we can alter all the others. When we’re low or upset, we often fall into patterns of thinking and responding which can worsen how we feel. CBT works to help us notice thinking styles or unhelpful things that we do so we can live better.
Many people have experienced misdiagnosis often with autism or ADHD overlooked and misunderstood by therapists.
My name is Sarah and I have over 20 years experience working as a Psychotherapist in the NHS and in private practice. I specialise in CBT, ACT, Compassion focused approaches and in EMDR. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), includes a range of talking therapies, all based on the idea that thoughts, feelings, what we do, and how our bodies feel, are all connected. If we change one of these we can alter all the others. When we’re low or upset, we often fall into patterns of thinking and responding which can worsen how we feel. CBT works to help us notice thinking styles or unhelpful things that we do so we can live better.
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Photo of Dawn Cooper - Hope Therapy Hub, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Hope Therapy Hub
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Serves Area
I am also a dual-qualified psychotherapist and I work privately helping people from all age groups to overcome a wide range of mental health challenges which include: eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, trauma work including PTSD, relationship difficulties, autism, and attention deficit disorders to mention a few.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) helps you to make sense of your problems and difficulties, by identifying patterns of thoughts and behaviours that can negatively affect your mood. CBT empowers you to take back control through structured sessions with achievable goals and outcomes that we identify together and aim to complete collaboratively.
I am also a dual-qualified psychotherapist and I work privately helping people from all age groups to overcome a wide range of mental health challenges which include: eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, trauma work including PTSD, relationship difficulties, autism, and attention deficit disorders to mention a few.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) helps you to make sense of your problems and difficulties, by identifying patterns of thoughts and behaviours that can negatively affect your mood. CBT empowers you to take back control through structured sessions with achievable goals and outcomes that we identify together and aim to complete collaboratively.
01433 447544 View 01433 447544
Photo of Cally Bowman - Cally Jo, Counsellor, MBACP
Cally Jo
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Autism/ADHD, or hoping to process and move forward following a difficult relationship.
My approach: I’ll listen to you, believe you and offer compassion, empathy care and support. If you feel ready, I may invite you to reflect on some gently challenging questions. I’ll encourage opportunities where we may be able to reframe. I’ll help you (re-)discover your authentic self, your needs and help you to identify and set boundaries.
Autism/ADHD, or hoping to process and move forward following a difficult relationship.
My approach: I’ll listen to you, believe you and offer compassion, empathy care and support. If you feel ready, I may invite you to reflect on some gently challenging questions. I’ll encourage opportunities where we may be able to reframe. I’ll help you (re-)discover your authentic self, your needs and help you to identify and set boundaries.
0114 697 4846 View 0114 697 4846

See more therapy options for Sheffield

Autism Counsellors

What is the most effective treatment for autism?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has come to be considered the standard treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder, and research has confirmed its effectiveness for many children. Therapists trained in ABA techniques work with children (and their parents) on developing social skills, communication and learning abilities, and everyday habits of hygiene and grooming. The clinician will tailor their program to the child’s particular need but the overarching goal will be to help them advance as far as possible toward independence based on their level of symptoms and decrease the need for additional special services. Families should seek a mental health professional specifically trained in ABA, and holding special certification in the technique, who has extensive experience not only with the approach but in using it with children with the same level of symptoms as the child who needs care.

How does ABA work?

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) sessions, which typically focus on positive reinforcement, can be intensive, lasting two or more hours several times a week, and continuing for two years or more. Therapists can also be expected to ask parents to take an active role in reinforcing lessons. Research has found that the technique can lead to major improvements that decrease the need for additional special services.

How does treatment for autism work?

Therapy sessions based on Applied Behavior Analysis will likely be frequent, intensive, and highly structured. After a thorough assessment, a therapist will help a child understand and develop skills in a range of areas, including communication, motor skills, social skills, self-care, play, and academic skills, as well as routines of daily living like hygiene. Typically, the therapist will help a child break down the components of a behavior—often referred to as the antecedent (what prompts an action), the behavior, and the consequence(what immediately follows)—and then reward the child at every step, while also asking parents to reinforce the lessons, and the rewards, throughout the day. This core therapy may be supplemented by occupational or speech therapy, and antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants may be prescribed to address specific severe symptoms.

How long does therapy for autism take?

Some people with autism spectrum disorder may be engaged in some level of therapy for many years, but research shows that treatment will be most effective if it is begun early and delivered intensively. When therapy begins by age 3, children tend to be better able to grasp and adopt the skills needed to manage everyday life, including attending school and establishing social relationships. This type of early-intervention treatment regimen is highly structured, typically involving 20 to 40 hours of one-on-one therapy per week, along with additional hours of engagement managed by parents, for a period of two years or more, although the duration of treatment is dependent on the child’s level of symptoms and pace of progress.