Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Counselling in Ruislip

Photo of Eoli Halatsa-Kalian, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Eoli Halatsa-Kalian
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Online Only
A warm welcome! I am an accredited Relationship, Psychosexual, Trauma Therapist, Supervisor and ATSAC Trustee. You could be looking for an understanding, a solution or a change. I can support you find that in a space where you feel comfortable to express your inner worries, process concerns and choose ways which may serve you better overall. You may address issues as an Individual or within a Family or Relationship setting; or your concerns may be more intimate entailing a Psychosexual or Sexual Addiction/Compulsivity issue. “There is no such thing as a problem without a gift for you in its hands.” ― Richard Bach, author (1936-)
A warm welcome! I am an accredited Relationship, Psychosexual, Trauma Therapist, Supervisor and ATSAC Trustee. You could be looking for an understanding, a solution or a change. I can support you find that in a space where you feel comfortable to express your inner worries, process concerns and choose ways which may serve you better overall. You may address issues as an Individual or within a Family or Relationship setting; or your concerns may be more intimate entailing a Psychosexual or Sexual Addiction/Compulsivity issue. “There is no such thing as a problem without a gift for you in its hands.” ― Richard Bach, author (1936-)
01895 547655 View 01895 547655
Photo of Manuela Tielens, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Manuela Tielens
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Ruislip HA4
I work with children, adolescents and adults experiencing emotional, behavioural or neurodevelopmental difficulties, including anxiety, low mood, emotional regulation challenges, autism, ADHD, selective mutism and social communication difficulties. People come to my practice seeking support to better understand themselves, overcome challenges, and develop practical strategies to improve wellbeing, confidence and day-to-day functioning. Some are looking for help with a specific concern, while others want a safe and supportive space to explore their experiences and build resilience.
I work with children, adolescents and adults experiencing emotional, behavioural or neurodevelopmental difficulties, including anxiety, low mood, emotional regulation challenges, autism, ADHD, selective mutism and social communication difficulties. People come to my practice seeking support to better understand themselves, overcome challenges, and develop practical strategies to improve wellbeing, confidence and day-to-day functioning. Some are looking for help with a specific concern, while others want a safe and supportive space to explore their experiences and build resilience.
View
Photo of Kathryn Di Virgilio, Counsellor
I use ACT ( Acceptance & Commitment Therapy) alongside a focus on what matters to people in their lives.
I work with parents, adolescents, young people and adults who feel overwhelmed, anxious or stuck in how they are living their life. People often come when things feel like they are building up, or when they notice they are getting caught in patterns of worry, overthinking, perfectionism or emotional overload that are starting to take over how they feel day to day. Together we slow things down, make sense of what is happening, and begin to shift how they respond so life feels more aligned with who they want to be.
I use ACT ( Acceptance & Commitment Therapy) alongside a focus on what matters to people in their lives.
I work with parents, adolescents, young people and adults who feel overwhelmed, anxious or stuck in how they are living their life. People often come when things feel like they are building up, or when they notice they are getting caught in patterns of worry, overthinking, perfectionism or emotional overload that are starting to take over how they feel day to day. Together we slow things down, make sense of what is happening, and begin to shift how they respond so life feels more aligned with who they want to be.
01895 545659 View 01895 545659
Photo of Dr Uzaina Uzaina, Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Uzaina Uzaina
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Ruislip HA4
I am Dr. Uzaina, a Practitioner Counselling Psychologist with over a decade of experience in evidence-based therapies, including CBT, trauma-informed care, Autism and ADHD assessments. I specialize in supporting individuals, families, and neurodiverse children. My ideal client seeks support for challenges like anxiety, trauma, or parenting a neurodiverse child. They want a safe space to explore struggles, gain tools, and build resilience. I empower clients to overcome obstacles, break unhelpful patterns, and achieve meaningful change in a supportive and collaborative environment. Let’s take the first step together.
I am Dr. Uzaina, a Practitioner Counselling Psychologist with over a decade of experience in evidence-based therapies, including CBT, trauma-informed care, Autism and ADHD assessments. I specialize in supporting individuals, families, and neurodiverse children. My ideal client seeks support for challenges like anxiety, trauma, or parenting a neurodiverse child. They want a safe space to explore struggles, gain tools, and build resilience. I empower clients to overcome obstacles, break unhelpful patterns, and achieve meaningful change in a supportive and collaborative environment. Let’s take the first step together.
01895 545107 x44 View 01895 545107 x44
Photo of John Bevan, Psychotherapist, MBACP
John Bevan
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Ruislip HA4
I work with people experiencing anxiety, stress, anger and burnout. Typically my clients are outwardly coping but internally tense, overthinking or exhausted. This can show up as snapping at family, constant worry, difficulty switching off after work, loss of confidence, panic symptoms, or feeling stuck despite doing everything expected of them. By understanding yourself in terms of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours, you can consider change, and create your own action plan on how you can live your life better, in the way you want to.
I work with people experiencing anxiety, stress, anger and burnout. Typically my clients are outwardly coping but internally tense, overthinking or exhausted. This can show up as snapping at family, constant worry, difficulty switching off after work, loss of confidence, panic symptoms, or feeling stuck despite doing everything expected of them. By understanding yourself in terms of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours, you can consider change, and create your own action plan on how you can live your life better, in the way you want to.
01895 547640 View 01895 547640
Photo of Tara Culverhouse - Devon Coaching and Counselling, Counsellor, BACP
Devon Coaching and Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you existing rather than living? Not fulfilling your potential? Is your anxiety holding you back from a more rewarding life? Therapeutic Coaching could be just the answer. This blends talk therapy with CBT life-coaching techniques to help people heal & thrive. Who Can It help? Anyone needing coping strategies for anxiety, relationship issues, grief or ADHD or anyone struggling to feel any joy or hope. What to Expect: Honest conversation, a focus on your strengths & values and gentle challenge about negative beliefs. Once you find 'you' again the coaching can open the way towards living the life you were meant to have.
Are you existing rather than living? Not fulfilling your potential? Is your anxiety holding you back from a more rewarding life? Therapeutic Coaching could be just the answer. This blends talk therapy with CBT life-coaching techniques to help people heal & thrive. Who Can It help? Anyone needing coping strategies for anxiety, relationship issues, grief or ADHD or anyone struggling to feel any joy or hope. What to Expect: Honest conversation, a focus on your strengths & values and gentle challenge about negative beliefs. Once you find 'you' again the coaching can open the way towards living the life you were meant to have.
01803 224726 View 01803 224726
Photo of Bhumika Shah, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Bhumika Shah
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Online Only
Hi, I’m Bhumika, I am an experienced CBT & EMDR psychotherapist. I offer a compassionate approach in guiding you through your treatment and supporting you on your journey to alleviating your symptoms. I aim to support you to lead a life more in line with what you value. I have experience in treating a range of common mental health difficulties including depression, low self-esteem, pre & postnatal depression, OCD, PTSD, birth trauma, social anxiety, health anxiety, phobia’s. CBT and EMDR are evidence based, NICE approved approaches with potential for long-lasting changes
Hi, I’m Bhumika, I am an experienced CBT & EMDR psychotherapist. I offer a compassionate approach in guiding you through your treatment and supporting you on your journey to alleviating your symptoms. I aim to support you to lead a life more in line with what you value. I have experience in treating a range of common mental health difficulties including depression, low self-esteem, pre & postnatal depression, OCD, PTSD, birth trauma, social anxiety, health anxiety, phobia’s. CBT and EMDR are evidence based, NICE approved approaches with potential for long-lasting changes
View

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Hattie Warner, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Hattie Warner
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a qualified and accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist but I also used other evidence-based approaches including Compassion-Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Analytic Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) and trauma-informed methods.
You might be feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure what might help you. If you’re dealing with anxiety, low mood, stress, OCD, or self criticism, you don’t have to go through this alone. I offer a warm, safe space where we can talk at your own pace. I’ll gently help you understand patterns, explore what’s getting in the way in order to make meaningful changes. My approach is flexible, collaborative and non-judgemental and will be shaped around your goals and your experiences.
I am a qualified and accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist but I also used other evidence-based approaches including Compassion-Focused Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Analytic Therapy, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) and trauma-informed methods.
You might be feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure what might help you. If you’re dealing with anxiety, low mood, stress, OCD, or self criticism, you don’t have to go through this alone. I offer a warm, safe space where we can talk at your own pace. I’ll gently help you understand patterns, explore what’s getting in the way in order to make meaningful changes. My approach is flexible, collaborative and non-judgemental and will be shaped around your goals and your experiences.
020 4538 3445 View 020 4538 3445
Photo of Mai Kelly, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Mai Kelly
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
London W4
My ideal client feels stuck—whether in their personal life, career, or relationships. They may be dealing with stress, anxiety, OCD, depression, or navigating family or couples dynamics. Some are professionals seeking balance or relief from overwhelming demands. They want practical, evidence-based solutions to move forward, find peace, and develop self-compassion. Their goals are feeling healthy, achieving growth, self-awareness, and balance, seeking transformation beyond coping. I love guiding clients through their journey, helping them find clarity and sustainable change as they thrive personally and professionally. Panta-rei.
My ideal client feels stuck—whether in their personal life, career, or relationships. They may be dealing with stress, anxiety, OCD, depression, or navigating family or couples dynamics. Some are professionals seeking balance or relief from overwhelming demands. They want practical, evidence-based solutions to move forward, find peace, and develop self-compassion. Their goals are feeling healthy, achieving growth, self-awareness, and balance, seeking transformation beyond coping. I love guiding clients through their journey, helping them find clarity and sustainable change as they thrive personally and professionally. Panta-rei.
020 4572 1671 View 020 4572 1671
Photo of Victoria Kearns, Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Victoria Kearns
Psychotherapist, COSRT General
1 Endorsed
London E2
I support you in discovering more about yourself and about how you would like to grow personally and in your relationships - facilitating change towards greater self-love, acceptance and satisfaction in your connection with yourself and others.
I commonly support people with: relationship conflict and arguing: communication difficulties; loss of emotional or sexual connection; low libido or sexual desire; sexual dysfunction; ethical non-monogamy; overcoming sexual shame or trauma; anorgasmia; painful intercourse (inc. vaginismus); premature ejaculation; erectile dysfunction; cheating/affairs.
I support you in discovering more about yourself and about how you would like to grow personally and in your relationships - facilitating change towards greater self-love, acceptance and satisfaction in your connection with yourself and others.
I commonly support people with: relationship conflict and arguing: communication difficulties; loss of emotional or sexual connection; low libido or sexual desire; sexual dysfunction; ethical non-monogamy; overcoming sexual shame or trauma; anorgasmia; painful intercourse (inc. vaginismus); premature ejaculation; erectile dysfunction; cheating/affairs.
01923 961497 View 01923 961497
Photo of Sophie Alexandra Leather, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Sophie Alexandra Leather
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I appreciate that starting therapy is an act of courage.
I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist with fourteen years’ experience of working within the NHS and in private practice. I trained at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, a leading institution worldwide for clinical research and training in psychology and psychiatry. I am fully accredited by the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapists (BABCP), which is the gold standard in CBT. I am committed to providing effective, evidence-based therapy and high standards of care. I specialise in working with clients with anxiety and depression.
I appreciate that starting therapy is an act of courage.
I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist with fourteen years’ experience of working within the NHS and in private practice. I trained at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, a leading institution worldwide for clinical research and training in psychology and psychiatry. I am fully accredited by the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapists (BABCP), which is the gold standard in CBT. I am committed to providing effective, evidence-based therapy and high standards of care. I specialise in working with clients with anxiety and depression.
01454 804728 View 01454 804728
Photo of Hamid Farahani - ADHD Assessor-DBT & Systematic Couple Therapist, Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
I integrate evidence-based methods from various therapeutic approaches, such as DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and CBT, into my practice.
I completed my PGDip at London South Bank University. I obtained my BA degree in Clinical Psychology in 2005 and continued my studies in Philosophy. I have Certificate in "Diagnosis and Assessment of Adults with ADHD” from Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN) and completed the course "Understanding ADHD:Current Research and Practice” at King's College London.
I integrate evidence-based methods from various therapeutic approaches, such as DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and CBT, into my practice.
I completed my PGDip at London South Bank University. I obtained my BA degree in Clinical Psychology in 2005 and continued my studies in Philosophy. I have Certificate in "Diagnosis and Assessment of Adults with ADHD” from Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN) and completed the course "Understanding ADHD:Current Research and Practice” at King's College London.
01737 302103 View 01737 302103
Photo of Dr Natasha Sutherland, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Natasha Sutherland
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
London E8
I am trained and experienced in cognitive behavioural, psychodynamic, existential, humanistic and systemic approaches, with particular interests in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT).
Most people come to therapy when something isn’t working anymore. You may feel stuck, overwhelmed, or worn down from coping on your own. You’ve tried to make changes, but the same patterns keep repeating. You know something needs to shift, even if you’re not sure how. I aim to offer a space where you feel genuinely heard, without judgment, and where we can begin to make sense of things and find a way forward. A strong therapeutic relationship is central to my work and provides the foundation for understanding patterns that may be keeping you stuck, clarifying what matters to you, and supporting you in building the life you want.
I am trained and experienced in cognitive behavioural, psychodynamic, existential, humanistic and systemic approaches, with particular interests in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT).
Most people come to therapy when something isn’t working anymore. You may feel stuck, overwhelmed, or worn down from coping on your own. You’ve tried to make changes, but the same patterns keep repeating. You know something needs to shift, even if you’re not sure how. I aim to offer a space where you feel genuinely heard, without judgment, and where we can begin to make sense of things and find a way forward. A strong therapeutic relationship is central to my work and provides the foundation for understanding patterns that may be keeping you stuck, clarifying what matters to you, and supporting you in building the life you want.
020 3856 8757 View 020 3856 8757
Photo of Isabel Avery, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Isabel Avery
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
Hi I’m Isabel, a clinical psychologist. My therapeutic approach is integrative and trauma-informed, drawing on compassion-focused therapy, psychodynamic approaches, IFS, parenting skills and adapted CBT techniques. I have the genuine belief that everyone deserves to feel understood, supported and empowered to live a life that feels authentic to who they are. I am committed to taking a compassionate, individualised approach with each person I meet.
Hi I’m Isabel, a clinical psychologist. My therapeutic approach is integrative and trauma-informed, drawing on compassion-focused therapy, psychodynamic approaches, IFS, parenting skills and adapted CBT techniques. I have the genuine belief that everyone deserves to feel understood, supported and empowered to live a life that feels authentic to who they are. I am committed to taking a compassionate, individualised approach with each person I meet.
View
Photo of Dr Obss Alademerin, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Obss Alademerin
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
London CM22
Drawing on CBT, ACT, and CFT, I use curiosity, metaphor, and collaboration to find what works for you specifically, weaving between models as needed.
Hi, I’m Obss. I work with adults and young people navigating anxiety, stress, low mood, and questions about their identity shaped by culture, race, religion. Many of my clients start therapy feeling stuck, alone, overwhelmed and disconnected from themselves, or struggling with anxiety that’s become difficult to manage. They’re often looking for a space where they feel understood, where their background and experiences can be held with care. We will work together to understand the patterns keeping you stuck, develop a different relationship with difficult thoughts and emotions help you move towards a life that feels meaningful.
Drawing on CBT, ACT, and CFT, I use curiosity, metaphor, and collaboration to find what works for you specifically, weaving between models as needed.
Hi, I’m Obss. I work with adults and young people navigating anxiety, stress, low mood, and questions about their identity shaped by culture, race, religion. Many of my clients start therapy feeling stuck, alone, overwhelmed and disconnected from themselves, or struggling with anxiety that’s become difficult to manage. They’re often looking for a space where they feel understood, where their background and experiences can be held with care. We will work together to understand the patterns keeping you stuck, develop a different relationship with difficult thoughts and emotions help you move towards a life that feels meaningful.
01788 221904 x44 View 01788 221904 x44
Photo of Liam J Wakefield, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Liam J Wakefield
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
London SW1W
I work with a wide range of clients, those who are “wearing a mask”, facing adversity, struggling with past trauma, loss of agency, identity, or self-destructive patterns. They feel disconnected, reactive, and uncertain about their future. They need a structured approach to rebuild trust in themselves, regain control, and find meaning in navigating their suffering. Their goal is growth, not just recovery. They want clarity, resilience, and a sense of purpose because they refuse to be defined by their past. My therapy focuses on reintegrating the divided self, fostering agency, and helping clients transform pain into strength.
I work with a wide range of clients, those who are “wearing a mask”, facing adversity, struggling with past trauma, loss of agency, identity, or self-destructive patterns. They feel disconnected, reactive, and uncertain about their future. They need a structured approach to rebuild trust in themselves, regain control, and find meaning in navigating their suffering. Their goal is growth, not just recovery. They want clarity, resilience, and a sense of purpose because they refuse to be defined by their past. My therapy focuses on reintegrating the divided self, fostering agency, and helping clients transform pain into strength.
01403 331639 View 01403 331639
Photo of Susan Webb, Psychologist, PsychD, AFBPSsS
Susan Webb
Psychologist, PsychD, AFBPSsS
Woking GU21
Have you been struggling with something which is interfering with you being able to get on with your usual things? Maybe you have been feeling down more than usual, or feeling very anxious and tired for a long time. Changes in your ability to sleep, eat or concentrate for a while could mean that you are depressed, or that anxiety is overwhelming you and stopping you from functioning properly. Life events such as illness, bereavement, divorce, trauma or even great events like becoming a parent or grandparent can create changes that are hard to cope with. If so, a therapist can help you to get back on your feet again.
Have you been struggling with something which is interfering with you being able to get on with your usual things? Maybe you have been feeling down more than usual, or feeling very anxious and tired for a long time. Changes in your ability to sleep, eat or concentrate for a while could mean that you are depressed, or that anxiety is overwhelming you and stopping you from functioning properly. Life events such as illness, bereavement, divorce, trauma or even great events like becoming a parent or grandparent can create changes that are hard to cope with. If so, a therapist can help you to get back on your feet again.
01483 694445 View 01483 694445
Photo of Russell Bresgall, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Russell Bresgall
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
1 Endorsed
London E11
- Also elements from Mindfulness, Meditation, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) & Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP).
Hello, I am a highly empathic and caring counsellor & psychotherapist, with over 10 years of experience. I am here to offer you my skills & experience, and to support you in whatever challenges you may be experiencing or feeling today, whether they be emotional, physical or relational. - I can help with - anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, Men's issues, negative self-talk, anger, ADHD, neurodiversity, addiction, alcohol, breakups, employment issues, loneliness, relationships, self-harm, shame & guilt, lack of meaning, loss & grief etc - I look forward to meeting you - (concession rates available) - Fees/ sessions are £70.00
- Also elements from Mindfulness, Meditation, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT) & Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP).
Hello, I am a highly empathic and caring counsellor & psychotherapist, with over 10 years of experience. I am here to offer you my skills & experience, and to support you in whatever challenges you may be experiencing or feeling today, whether they be emotional, physical or relational. - I can help with - anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, Men's issues, negative self-talk, anger, ADHD, neurodiversity, addiction, alcohol, breakups, employment issues, loneliness, relationships, self-harm, shame & guilt, lack of meaning, loss & grief etc - I look forward to meeting you - (concession rates available) - Fees/ sessions are £70.00
020 4634 4401 View 020 4634 4401
Photo of Lisa Claire Rodger, Psychotherapist, PNCPS Acc.
Lisa Claire Rodger
Psychotherapist, PNCPS Acc.
3 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
We all experience challenges and difficult times in our lives. Do you feel like nobody understands you or knows what you are going through? It can feel isolating and lonely. But you are not alone! I am an experienced and qualified therapist, providing a safe space where together we can explore what is troubling you and make sense of it - giving you the time and space to reflect on your needs. I can help you to recognise what strengthens you and what weakens you, enabling you to make positive changes. I encourage self-compassion and self-reflection; the most important relationship you will ever have is the one you have with yourself
We all experience challenges and difficult times in our lives. Do you feel like nobody understands you or knows what you are going through? It can feel isolating and lonely. But you are not alone! I am an experienced and qualified therapist, providing a safe space where together we can explore what is troubling you and make sense of it - giving you the time and space to reflect on your needs. I can help you to recognise what strengthens you and what weakens you, enabling you to make positive changes. I encourage self-compassion and self-reflection; the most important relationship you will ever have is the one you have with yourself
01727 648574 View 01727 648574
Photo of Livia Nestianu, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Livia Nestianu
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
I am an integrative counsellor, adapting to your individuality by blending multiple methods and theories including (but not limited to) person-centred therapy, attachment theory, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and compassion focused therapy.
I am an integrative counsellor, adapting to your individuality by blending multiple methods and theories including (but not limited to) person-centred therapy, attachment theory, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and compassion focused therapy.
0116 497 6914 View 0116 497 6914

See more therapy options for Ruislip

Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Counsellors
How does acceptance and commitment therapy work?
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages a person to listen to their self-talk. A person’s inner dialog can be indicative of how they treat themselves. ACT also encourages self-compassion; this can lead to a better understanding of negative thought patterns and emotional states. This understanding can then lead the individual to needed behavior change.

What are the goals of acceptance and commitment therapy?
The goal of acceptance and commitment is to expand a person’s psychological flexibility, a trait that encourages an individual to live in the present moment and to accept all their thoughts, feelings, and emotions, even ones that are difficult such as sadness and anxiety. In ACT, this acceptance is congruent with the individual’s values and beliefs.

Does acceptance and commitment therapy work for depression?
Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective for depression because it allows the individual to view their discomfort and suffering differently. Depressive feelings about relationship heartaches, for example, are a part of life. A despondent person learns to let go of their struggles and instead view their painful thoughts and feelings with compassion. This will lead the individual toward positive change.

How long are people typically in acceptance and commitment therapy?
A typical acceptance and commitment therapy session is 50 minutes long with one session per week. Treatment for common problems such as anxiety, depression, or relationship difficulties can last between eight weeks to four months. However, more severe cases may require more than one session a week and/or a longer time frame for treatment.