Counselling in Otley

Photo of Bo Bloomfield, Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Bo Bloomfield
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a senior accredited Relational Therapist and Clinical Supervisor with 28 years unbroken practice. I have worked for 10 years in the NHS and 25 years in private practice. I have experience of working with trauma. I am an Accredited EMDR Practitioner having completed the EMDR Europe Standard Accredited Training and gained accreditation with the UK (EMDR) Association. I am trained in the Flash Technique which is an intervention aimed at reducing disturbance associated with traumatic or other distressing memories. I am trained in DBR (Deep Brain Reorienting) which focuses on healing the shock at the core of traumatic experiences.
I am a senior accredited Relational Therapist and Clinical Supervisor with 28 years unbroken practice. I have worked for 10 years in the NHS and 25 years in private practice. I have experience of working with trauma. I am an Accredited EMDR Practitioner having completed the EMDR Europe Standard Accredited Training and gained accreditation with the UK (EMDR) Association. I am trained in the Flash Technique which is an intervention aimed at reducing disturbance associated with traumatic or other distressing memories. I am trained in DBR (Deep Brain Reorienting) which focuses on healing the shock at the core of traumatic experiences.
01484 627103 View 01484 627103
Photo of Lesley McGreavy, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Lesley McGreavy
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Otley LS21
I am an experienced therapist offering Individual Counselling and Couples Counselling. If you are struggling with relationship issues, stress, low self esteem, anxiety or depression we will explore those difficulties together so you are able to consider new options and change can take place.
I am an experienced therapist offering Individual Counselling and Couples Counselling. If you are struggling with relationship issues, stress, low self esteem, anxiety or depression we will explore those difficulties together so you are able to consider new options and change can take place.
01484 240377 View 01484 240377
Photo of Lindsay Bailey - Selah Counselling Services, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Selah Counselling Services
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Otley LS21
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
Hello, my name is Lindsay & I am passionate about people changing & improving aspects of their lives. I work with an integrative approach which will be tailored to my client’s individual needs. I create a safe non-judgmental place for you to explore not only the problems you are facing but also the causes behind the issues. I will help you begin to process your experiences, become more self-aware & help empower you to bring positive change to your life & thinking patterns, all at a pace that suites you.
01473 943364 View 01473 943364
Photo of Jane Harris - Bloom Therapy and Wellness, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Bloom Therapy and Wellness
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Otley LS21
Hello there.. I’m Jane and I’m here for you! My therapy preferences are Anxiety, addiction, teenage/adolescence mental health and self esteem. Please contact me and we can check in and discuss where we can go in order for me to help guide and support you! I have experience of over 30 years working with children up to 18. I have also a care based background and I care deeply about people. I gained my clinical Hours in schools, counselling children through the Place2be charity.
Hello there.. I’m Jane and I’m here for you! My therapy preferences are Anxiety, addiction, teenage/adolescence mental health and self esteem. Please contact me and we can check in and discuss where we can go in order for me to help guide and support you! I have experience of over 30 years working with children up to 18. I have also a care based background and I care deeply about people. I gained my clinical Hours in schools, counselling children through the Place2be charity.
01943 661427 View 01943 661427
Photo of Victoria Gilder, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Victoria Gilder
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
Hello, I'm Victoria. Making that first step towards getting support can be daunting- it can be difficult to know what you need. The most important factor is finding a therapist who you can build a trusting and safe relationship with and that will be an important part of our work together. I'm an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience. I offer a safe and confidential service to adults experiencing a wide variety of mental health difficulties. I'm interested in understanding the ways your experiences in life have influenced how you've learned to navigate your relationships and the world.
Hello, I'm Victoria. Making that first step towards getting support can be daunting- it can be difficult to know what you need. The most important factor is finding a therapist who you can build a trusting and safe relationship with and that will be an important part of our work together. I'm an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years experience. I offer a safe and confidential service to adults experiencing a wide variety of mental health difficulties. I'm interested in understanding the ways your experiences in life have influenced how you've learned to navigate your relationships and the world.
0113 467 8408 View 0113 467 8408
Photo of Jane Graham, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Jane Graham
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Otley LS21
I am a psychotherapist & counsellor with a child/young person specialism and an adult psychotherapeutic counsellor. I was a primary school teacher for 24 years and have knowledge and understanding of the many complexities impacting young people, parents and those working with them. I have worked therapeutically with all ages. Whatever our age or stage in life, there are times when we encounter challenges or struggles. These can be confusing, cause anxiety or a feeling of being stuck. We can suffer from low self-esteem and need support in improving resilience, communication and relationships and gain an improved sense of wellbeing.
I am a psychotherapist & counsellor with a child/young person specialism and an adult psychotherapeutic counsellor. I was a primary school teacher for 24 years and have knowledge and understanding of the many complexities impacting young people, parents and those working with them. I have worked therapeutically with all ages. Whatever our age or stage in life, there are times when we encounter challenges or struggles. These can be confusing, cause anxiety or a feeling of being stuck. We can suffer from low self-esteem and need support in improving resilience, communication and relationships and gain an improved sense of wellbeing.
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Photo of Tamara Hoyton, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Tamara Hoyton
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Serves Area
Hello, and a warm welcome to my website. I am a very experienced Psychotherapist and Clinical Supervisor who specialises in Anxiety, Depression, Sexual Issues, Relationship Problems and work related stress. I am a highly qualified practioner offering Individual Psychotherapy, Counselling, Psychosexual Therapy and Couples Therapy in the Leeds and Bradford area. I am a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). Life success indicators show increased relational satisfaction as key to personal happiness and good therapy can improve this. I am proud to have over 20 years of being in practice.
Hello, and a warm welcome to my website. I am a very experienced Psychotherapist and Clinical Supervisor who specialises in Anxiety, Depression, Sexual Issues, Relationship Problems and work related stress. I am a highly qualified practioner offering Individual Psychotherapy, Counselling, Psychosexual Therapy and Couples Therapy in the Leeds and Bradford area. I am a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). Life success indicators show increased relational satisfaction as key to personal happiness and good therapy can improve this. I am proud to have over 20 years of being in practice.
0113 467 8104 View 0113 467 8104
Photo of Andy Farrell, Counsellor, MBACP
Andy Farrell
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I'm Andy and as a qualified person-centred counsellor, I strongly believe we all have the ability to navigate life's challenges by drawing on our own experience and capabilities. My role is to invite clients to explore whatever they choose in order to gain a deeper understanding of how it's impacting them, enabling them to create positive change. I do this through actively listening and offering useful reflections of themes I may notice, including any changes over time. I ask clients questions that encourage them to think about their experiences in new ways and never judge or lead anyone into talking about something uncomfortable.
I'm Andy and as a qualified person-centred counsellor, I strongly believe we all have the ability to navigate life's challenges by drawing on our own experience and capabilities. My role is to invite clients to explore whatever they choose in order to gain a deeper understanding of how it's impacting them, enabling them to create positive change. I do this through actively listening and offering useful reflections of themes I may notice, including any changes over time. I ask clients questions that encourage them to think about their experiences in new ways and never judge or lead anyone into talking about something uncomfortable.
0113 512 7087 View 0113 512 7087
Photo of Anna Liuba, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Anna Liuba
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Serves Area
As an Art Psychotherapist, I work from a psychodynamic perspective, paying close attention to how early experiences, unconscious processes, and relational patterns shape current emotional life. I offer a consistent space to explore thoughts, feelings, and internal conflicts with depth and curiosity. Art-making provides an additional route for unconscious material to emerge and be understood. No artistic experience is needed.
As an Art Psychotherapist, I work from a psychodynamic perspective, paying close attention to how early experiences, unconscious processes, and relational patterns shape current emotional life. I offer a consistent space to explore thoughts, feelings, and internal conflicts with depth and curiosity. Art-making provides an additional route for unconscious material to emerge and be understood. No artistic experience is needed.
01943 661330 View 01943 661330
Photo of Clare Eaton - Eaton Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Eaton Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
01943 661900 View 01943 661900
Rebecca Hildyard
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Rebecca and I am a fully qualified and BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and EMDR Europe/UK accredited EMDR practitioner working from my consulting rooms in Pudsey, Leeds (LS28) and also remotely via video or telephone. I have many years experience working with people with a variety of mental health difficulties such as Depression, anxiety-based problems (Social Anxiety, General Anxiety, Health Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Panic, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), complicated Grief and Bereavement.
Hi, I'm Rebecca and I am a fully qualified and BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist and EMDR Europe/UK accredited EMDR practitioner working from my consulting rooms in Pudsey, Leeds (LS28) and also remotely via video or telephone. I have many years experience working with people with a variety of mental health difficulties such as Depression, anxiety-based problems (Social Anxiety, General Anxiety, Health Anxiety, OCD, Phobias, Panic, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), complicated Grief and Bereavement.
0113 519 5934 View 0113 519 5934
Photo of Julia de los Rios, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Julia de los Rios
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
Reaching out for help takes courage, particularly if your self-esteem and confidence are low. But, if you want to make changes in your life then you may need support. People come to counselling for all sorts of reasons; anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma etc. Perhaps you feel inhibited, have unhealthy patterns of behaviour or your emotions may be hijacking your ability to respond and keep perspective. Whatever the reason, the chances are you are feeling deeply distressed. You don’t have to keep struggling alone. Together we can work out what is causing you to feel threatened, overwhelmed or empty.
Reaching out for help takes courage, particularly if your self-esteem and confidence are low. But, if you want to make changes in your life then you may need support. People come to counselling for all sorts of reasons; anxiety, relationship issues, depression, bereavement, trauma etc. Perhaps you feel inhibited, have unhealthy patterns of behaviour or your emotions may be hijacking your ability to respond and keep perspective. Whatever the reason, the chances are you are feeling deeply distressed. You don’t have to keep struggling alone. Together we can work out what is causing you to feel threatened, overwhelmed or empty.
0113 320 6027 View 0113 320 6027
Photo of Sally Wambold, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Sally Wambold
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Online Only
I offer an online confidential, caring counselling service for individuals to help you work through emotional issues such as bereavement, relationship issues, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, stress and past experiences that are impacting you in the present. Or you may be feeling unhappy, stuck or struggling to cope with everyday life. I have a special interest in counselling & coaching for neurodiverse individuals and provide additional insight & empathy through my own lived experience of neurodiversity. I also have considerable experience of working with both cancer patients & their supporters to manage their trauma & stress.
I offer an online confidential, caring counselling service for individuals to help you work through emotional issues such as bereavement, relationship issues, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, stress and past experiences that are impacting you in the present. Or you may be feeling unhappy, stuck or struggling to cope with everyday life. I have a special interest in counselling & coaching for neurodiverse individuals and provide additional insight & empathy through my own lived experience of neurodiversity. I also have considerable experience of working with both cancer patients & their supporters to manage their trauma & stress.
01943 262039 View 01943 262039
Photo of Gillian Parkin, Psychotherapist, BACP
Gillian Parkin
Psychotherapist, BACP
Serves Area
We all have those times when things get on top of us; when we feel overwhelmed, anxious, depressed and unable to cope. We can feel stuck, trapped and that there’s no way forward. Perhaps work and the daily struggles of life are dragging you down? You’re feeling frazzled, stressed and anxious and can’t see a way out? Any one of these can take its toll on your self-confidence, we lose our mojo and everyday life just feels like an uphill struggle. Therapy can give you that much needed time and space to get a fresh perspective on what’s troubling and help you to find new ways of dealing with whatever life’s throwing at you right now.
We all have those times when things get on top of us; when we feel overwhelmed, anxious, depressed and unable to cope. We can feel stuck, trapped and that there’s no way forward. Perhaps work and the daily struggles of life are dragging you down? You’re feeling frazzled, stressed and anxious and can’t see a way out? Any one of these can take its toll on your self-confidence, we lose our mojo and everyday life just feels like an uphill struggle. Therapy can give you that much needed time and space to get a fresh perspective on what’s troubling and help you to find new ways of dealing with whatever life’s throwing at you right now.
01943 666872 View 01943 666872
Photo of Tracy Graylich, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Tracy Graylich
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I trained as a person-centred counsellor, which simply means our sessions are all about you. I’d like to welcome you to a confidential and non-judgemental safe space where you can talk freely to explore your inner-self. Together, we can discover any underlying issues behind the difficulties you are experiencing and by overcoming the ghosts of your past, you will be in a better place to move forward with your life.Having counselling enables you to rediscover yourself in a safe place, where you can go at your own pace and allow yourself to release your true emotions that you may have locked away.
I trained as a person-centred counsellor, which simply means our sessions are all about you. I’d like to welcome you to a confidential and non-judgemental safe space where you can talk freely to explore your inner-self. Together, we can discover any underlying issues behind the difficulties you are experiencing and by overcoming the ghosts of your past, you will be in a better place to move forward with your life.Having counselling enables you to rediscover yourself in a safe place, where you can go at your own pace and allow yourself to release your true emotions that you may have locked away.
0113 487 2769 View 0113 487 2769
Photo of Phil McQuillan, Counsellor, MBACP
Phil McQuillan
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience working in an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 18+. I work with a range of presenting issues, including issues related to anxiety, depression, and trauma, but also have experience working with issues relating to relationships, bereavement, identity, self-criticality, burnout, neurodiversity/neurodivergence (assessed or self-identified), kink, bdsm and non-monogamy, and issues relating to working in the creative arts.
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience working in an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 18+. I work with a range of presenting issues, including issues related to anxiety, depression, and trauma, but also have experience working with issues relating to relationships, bereavement, identity, self-criticality, burnout, neurodiversity/neurodivergence (assessed or self-identified), kink, bdsm and non-monogamy, and issues relating to working in the creative arts.
01943 661246 View 01943 661246
Photo of Jessica Jeffrey, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Jessica Jeffrey
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Jess. I'm a friendly and down-to-earth therapist helping people untangle feelings and experiences that have started to pile up. Whether you’re feeling weighed down by hopelessness, drained from battling something you know needs attention, or finding it hard to see your own worth, I’m here to help. I work with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and those deep dives into past experiences that can still affect you today.
Hi, I'm Jess. I'm a friendly and down-to-earth therapist helping people untangle feelings and experiences that have started to pile up. Whether you’re feeling weighed down by hopelessness, drained from battling something you know needs attention, or finding it hard to see your own worth, I’m here to help. I work with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and those deep dives into past experiences that can still affect you today.
01729 810637 View 01729 810637
Photo of Sarah Naylor, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Sarah Naylor
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling, unsettled, overwhelmed or facing things that are difficult to think about on our own? This may be something in your past or something that is very current. Together we can explore these difficulties and gain insight and understanding to bring clarity and a greater sense of peace. You are assured of a warm, compassionate and non-judgemental space where we can explore whatever your difficulty, leading to personal growth through a deeper understanding, acceptance, and change. Talking to people close to us may feel difficult and often working with a therapist can help you to see a clearer path to your future.
Are you feeling, unsettled, overwhelmed or facing things that are difficult to think about on our own? This may be something in your past or something that is very current. Together we can explore these difficulties and gain insight and understanding to bring clarity and a greater sense of peace. You are assured of a warm, compassionate and non-judgemental space where we can explore whatever your difficulty, leading to personal growth through a deeper understanding, acceptance, and change. Talking to people close to us may feel difficult and often working with a therapist can help you to see a clearer path to your future.
0113 519 3584 View 0113 519 3584
Photo of Rachel Northen, Counsellor, COSRT General
Rachel Northen
Counsellor, COSRT General
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialise in male and female sexual difficulties and in relationship issues and work with couples and individuals. Sexual issues may have a physiological and/or psychological cause and include: loss of intimacy and desire, mismatched libidos, orgasm difficulties, erectile dysfunction, premature and delayed ejaculation, vaginismus, sexual pain, menopause, sexual phobia and anxiety, lack of confidence and issues with porn use. Relationship issues include: infidelity, loss of trust, communication difficulties, lack of intimacy/connection, adjusting to change, conflict, stress and anxiety, separation and different attachment styles.
I specialise in male and female sexual difficulties and in relationship issues and work with couples and individuals. Sexual issues may have a physiological and/or psychological cause and include: loss of intimacy and desire, mismatched libidos, orgasm difficulties, erectile dysfunction, premature and delayed ejaculation, vaginismus, sexual pain, menopause, sexual phobia and anxiety, lack of confidence and issues with porn use. Relationship issues include: infidelity, loss of trust, communication difficulties, lack of intimacy/connection, adjusting to change, conflict, stress and anxiety, separation and different attachment styles.
0113 467 8450 View 0113 467 8450
Photo of Jim Adamson, Counsellor, MBACP
Jim Adamson
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
HI I'm Jim. I work with clients with various mental health issues, but especially those involving anxiety and depression. Whether you're just looking for an empathetic ear or want a better understanding of feelings and what you can do with them, we can work together in a way that suits your needs in a private office 10 minutes' walk from Guiseley train station (or online).
HI I'm Jim. I work with clients with various mental health issues, but especially those involving anxiety and depression. Whether you're just looking for an empathetic ear or want a better understanding of feelings and what you can do with them, we can work together in a way that suits your needs in a private office 10 minutes' walk from Guiseley train station (or online).
01943 660552 View 01943 660552

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Otley

30+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Otley who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Self Esteem
87% Stress
82% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
68% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aviva
90% AXA PPP
70% Bupa

How Counsellors in Otley see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
24% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Otley?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.