Counselling in Norwich

Photo of James Collier, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
James Collier
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Norwich NR2
Asking for help can be a monumental decision that requires a lot of courage. Finding the right therapist can be an equally difficult task. A therapeutic relationship needs to feel safe and collaborative, as it can serve as a foundation for healing.
Asking for help can be a monumental decision that requires a lot of courage. Finding the right therapist can be an equally difficult task. A therapeutic relationship needs to feel safe and collaborative, as it can serve as a foundation for healing.
01603 340472 View 01603 340472
Photo of Hollie Crudge, MBACP, Counsellor
Hollie Crudge
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Norwich NR1
Not accepting new clients
Hello, I'm Hollie, I'm a warm and down-to-earth Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor based in Norwich city centre. I have experience working with adults at MIND and the LGBT+ project engaging with people with a variety of life-changing events such as grief, relationship breakdowns, burnout alongside experience in supporting individuals to heal from abuse. If you find yourself feeling low, or dealing with high levels of anxiety, along with physical symptoms like sickness, pain, or sleeplessness, your body may be out of balance, responding to the stress and trauma. Before undergoing counselling training
Hello, I'm Hollie, I'm a warm and down-to-earth Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor based in Norwich city centre. I have experience working with adults at MIND and the LGBT+ project engaging with people with a variety of life-changing events such as grief, relationship breakdowns, burnout alongside experience in supporting individuals to heal from abuse. If you find yourself feeling low, or dealing with high levels of anxiety, along with physical symptoms like sickness, pain, or sleeplessness, your body may be out of balance, responding to the stress and trauma. Before undergoing counselling training
01603 361468 View 01603 361468
Photo of Diana Britton, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Diana Britton
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Norwich NR16
Hi, mi Diana, an interrogative therapeutic counsellor offering a diverse range of counselling styles and techniques These skills and techniques provide you with a bespoke individual approach to your therapeutic journey enabling me to help and support you towards healing and in turn becoming more self-aware in how to cope with life in its individual challenges put upon you. Ultimately, you in turn will overcome negative emotions and behaviours having learnt new skills and tools to put in place when required. Make 2024 the year you prioritise your mental health, and lets begin the journey towards becoming a happier, healthier you.
Hi, mi Diana, an interrogative therapeutic counsellor offering a diverse range of counselling styles and techniques These skills and techniques provide you with a bespoke individual approach to your therapeutic journey enabling me to help and support you towards healing and in turn becoming more self-aware in how to cope with life in its individual challenges put upon you. Ultimately, you in turn will overcome negative emotions and behaviours having learnt new skills and tools to put in place when required. Make 2024 the year you prioritise your mental health, and lets begin the journey towards becoming a happier, healthier you.
01502 442531 View 01502 442531
Photo of Pippa Bennett, BACP, Counsellor
Pippa Bennett
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norwich NR13
Many of us will experience challenges in our life which can feel difficult to navigate or are too overwhelming to manage without professional support. I provide a warm, open, non-judgmental and confidential space to explore with compassion and curiosity those things which may be holding you back.
Many of us will experience challenges in our life which can feel difficult to navigate or are too overwhelming to manage without professional support. I provide a warm, open, non-judgmental and confidential space to explore with compassion and curiosity those things which may be holding you back.
01603 249227 View 01603 249227
Photo of David Waterman, MBACP, Psychotherapist
David Waterman
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Norwich NR2
Clients bring a variety of presenting issues like depression, anxiety and grief. They also bring issues related to anger or passivity or trust. They often feel their lives lack meaning or they find themselves lost and need some time and space to re-orientate. Many of my clients are tipped into therapy because of a relationship breakdown or challenge as this can be a major catalyst for change. Other longer-term clients are struggling with a path into mid life and have reached a stage where they can no longer put off changes they somehow know are destined to come.
Clients bring a variety of presenting issues like depression, anxiety and grief. They also bring issues related to anger or passivity or trust. They often feel their lives lack meaning or they find themselves lost and need some time and space to re-orientate. Many of my clients are tipped into therapy because of a relationship breakdown or challenge as this can be a major catalyst for change. Other longer-term clients are struggling with a path into mid life and have reached a stage where they can no longer put off changes they somehow know are destined to come.
01603 361987 View 01603 361987
Photo of Russell Wharton, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Russell Wharton
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Norwich NR3
I work in collaboration with my clients, using a solution focussed approach. The aim is to identify the problem along with causal factors and to develop a unique, person centred treatment plan. I have many years experience and very good outcome rates - many of my clients come from personal recommendation. I have worked in both the NHS and private settings since 2000 and am also a registered mental health nurse. I have worked with people from all backgrounds. My approach is open, non-judgemental and and down-to-earth.
I work in collaboration with my clients, using a solution focussed approach. The aim is to identify the problem along with causal factors and to develop a unique, person centred treatment plan. I have many years experience and very good outcome rates - many of my clients come from personal recommendation. I have worked in both the NHS and private settings since 2000 and am also a registered mental health nurse. I have worked with people from all backgrounds. My approach is open, non-judgemental and and down-to-earth.
01603 980577 View 01603 980577
Photo of Constance Croot - Constance Counselling, BACP, Counsellor
Constance Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Norwich NR1
It can be daunting taking the first step in finding a new counsellor, so my priority is to put you at ease. I'm a warm, non-judgemental, experienced counsellor, and my goal is to facilitate a strong relationship so we can work collaboratively, helping you feel empowered to improve your life and wellbeing. I am committed to providing a safe, supportive space for adults hoping to improve their emotional wellbeing, relationships, and focus on personal development. Our relationship is underpinned by my solid educational foundation and exceptional standards of care and ethical practice as a member of both BACP and UKCP.
It can be daunting taking the first step in finding a new counsellor, so my priority is to put you at ease. I'm a warm, non-judgemental, experienced counsellor, and my goal is to facilitate a strong relationship so we can work collaboratively, helping you feel empowered to improve your life and wellbeing. I am committed to providing a safe, supportive space for adults hoping to improve their emotional wellbeing, relationships, and focus on personal development. Our relationship is underpinned by my solid educational foundation and exceptional standards of care and ethical practice as a member of both BACP and UKCP.
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Photo of Lisa Walford, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Lisa Walford
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Norwich NR6
Waitlist for new clients
I am an experience BACP accredited & registered psychotherapist with 11yrs of clinical experience. I work with adults (18yrs +) & my expertise is working with anxiety & High Sensitivity (HSP). I have also helped clients work through other issues such as; trauma bereavement, low self-esteem, emotional dysregulation, attachment issues & depression. I have a Masters in counselling & a Post-Graduate Diploma in Person Centred Counselling. My Masters researched childhood trauma & the effects on attachment & the developing child's brain which is why my counselling approach is trauma informed & draws upon attachment theory & neuroscience.
I am an experience BACP accredited & registered psychotherapist with 11yrs of clinical experience. I work with adults (18yrs +) & my expertise is working with anxiety & High Sensitivity (HSP). I have also helped clients work through other issues such as; trauma bereavement, low self-esteem, emotional dysregulation, attachment issues & depression. I have a Masters in counselling & a Post-Graduate Diploma in Person Centred Counselling. My Masters researched childhood trauma & the effects on attachment & the developing child's brain which is why my counselling approach is trauma informed & draws upon attachment theory & neuroscience.
01603 361779 View 01603 361779
Photo of Kim Liversidge, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Kim Liversidge
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Norwich NR12
Counselling and Psychotherapy can help with a range of difficulties for example feelings of anxiety and depression, feelings of stuckness, helplessness and low self esteem, unhelpful patterns you notice you're repeating, a sense of lostness in your life. Psychotherapy can help you to cope with and make sense of relationship difficulties and many other issues. Please see my website for more information or email me if you would like to arrange a brief discussion to see if you'd like to go ahead and book an initial session.
Counselling and Psychotherapy can help with a range of difficulties for example feelings of anxiety and depression, feelings of stuckness, helplessness and low self esteem, unhelpful patterns you notice you're repeating, a sense of lostness in your life. Psychotherapy can help you to cope with and make sense of relationship difficulties and many other issues. Please see my website for more information or email me if you would like to arrange a brief discussion to see if you'd like to go ahead and book an initial session.
01225 985066 View 01225 985066
Photo of Emel Kahraman Banford, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Emel Kahraman Banford
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Norwich NR6
Growing up has never been easy but perhaps due to the ever-changing circumstances, it is becoming even more difficult for children and young people with so many things they have to navigate or are exposed to. When children struggle emotionally, whether they are toddlers or teenagers, either their behaviour detoriate or unhealthy ways to deal with those strong emotions emerge. Either option can be scary and not many will be willing to talk about what is in their mind or is upsetting them.
Growing up has never been easy but perhaps due to the ever-changing circumstances, it is becoming even more difficult for children and young people with so many things they have to navigate or are exposed to. When children struggle emotionally, whether they are toddlers or teenagers, either their behaviour detoriate or unhealthy ways to deal with those strong emotions emerge. Either option can be scary and not many will be willing to talk about what is in their mind or is upsetting them.
01603 361907 View 01603 361907
Photo of Tracie Bowerman - Tracie Bowerman CBT (Accredited), MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Tracie Bowerman CBT (Accredited)
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Norwich NR3
Coming to therapy can be a relief, although it can also feel like a step into the unknown and be frightening. I am a warm, empathic & an experienced therapist, firstly my priority is to support you to feel more at ease. I have experience which includes working in GP surgeries, charities, private mental health hospital (general psychiatry) environment offering individual and groupwork, along with employee assisted programme experience. I offer to facilitate your change and development. The aim of the therapy is to exit repeated cycles of behaviour and thinking, to enable increased self awareness, esteem, confidence and self care.
Coming to therapy can be a relief, although it can also feel like a step into the unknown and be frightening. I am a warm, empathic & an experienced therapist, firstly my priority is to support you to feel more at ease. I have experience which includes working in GP surgeries, charities, private mental health hospital (general psychiatry) environment offering individual and groupwork, along with employee assisted programme experience. I offer to facilitate your change and development. The aim of the therapy is to exit repeated cycles of behaviour and thinking, to enable increased self awareness, esteem, confidence and self care.
07981 620795 View 07981 620795
Photo of Dr Hannah King, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Hannah King
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that mental health difficulties are meaningful and understandable reactions to painful life events and situations, and so these are best treated with compassion, curiosity and respect. In this way, we may not only overcome problems, but gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and our values, leading to a more balanced, fulfilling and enjoyable life. With a warm, caring approach to creating safe and reflective relationships, I can offer brief, focused therapy to build coping skills and overcome specific problems, or more in-depth work to build insight and release ingrained ways of being.
I believe that mental health difficulties are meaningful and understandable reactions to painful life events and situations, and so these are best treated with compassion, curiosity and respect. In this way, we may not only overcome problems, but gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and our values, leading to a more balanced, fulfilling and enjoyable life. With a warm, caring approach to creating safe and reflective relationships, I can offer brief, focused therapy to build coping skills and overcome specific problems, or more in-depth work to build insight and release ingrained ways of being.
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Photo of Jo Clarke, MBACP, Counsellor
Jo Clarke
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Norwich NR2
Not accepting new clients
Are you fed up of waking up in the morning with a feeling of dread, a churning in your stomach or a tightness in your chest? Are you frustrated from having thoughts going around in your mind, feeling like you're out of control? Are you finding yourself feeling sad and crying more than usual? Do you feel confused and often find yourself asking "what's wrong with me?" Maybe you are experiencing anxiety when faced with challenging situations and people? Counselling can help to support you through this distress and to help you to move forwards with your life.
Are you fed up of waking up in the morning with a feeling of dread, a churning in your stomach or a tightness in your chest? Are you frustrated from having thoughts going around in your mind, feeling like you're out of control? Are you finding yourself feeling sad and crying more than usual? Do you feel confused and often find yourself asking "what's wrong with me?" Maybe you are experiencing anxiety when faced with challenging situations and people? Counselling can help to support you through this distress and to help you to move forwards with your life.
01603 361758 View 01603 361758
Photo of Jo Dalton, PsychD, CPsychol, Psychologist
Jo Dalton
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Norwich NR16
Hello, I have enjoyed working as a Clinical Psychologist with adults since 1999 and have gained experience of working effectively with people with a wide range of emotional and behavioural difficulties, including anxiety, anger, mood difficulties, difficulties relating to ourselves and other people, trauma of all kinds, chronic illness and eating difficulties. I have specific training (an Advanced Specialist Diploma in Gender, Sex & Relationship Psychotherapy) and a special interest in working therapeutically with gender diverse (trans), gay and bi people or those who belong to the kink, poly community (kink aware) or sex workers.
Hello, I have enjoyed working as a Clinical Psychologist with adults since 1999 and have gained experience of working effectively with people with a wide range of emotional and behavioural difficulties, including anxiety, anger, mood difficulties, difficulties relating to ourselves and other people, trauma of all kinds, chronic illness and eating difficulties. I have specific training (an Advanced Specialist Diploma in Gender, Sex & Relationship Psychotherapy) and a special interest in working therapeutically with gender diverse (trans), gay and bi people or those who belong to the kink, poly community (kink aware) or sex workers.
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Photo of June Webb, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
June Webb
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Norwich NR1
If you are searching for a safe space to be with what is around for you right now, I can help you. You may be feeling stuck, facing important life decisions. You may be struggling with a relationship. There might be a lot of pressure around. Perhaps you have lost a sense of who you are. Life might have lost a little direction. You may be facing an enforced or welcome change or transition in your life. Maybe you are looking for a little support with someone you can trust. Something might need healing. You are strong and capable and also there is a part needing some compassion and care.
If you are searching for a safe space to be with what is around for you right now, I can help you. You may be feeling stuck, facing important life decisions. You may be struggling with a relationship. There might be a lot of pressure around. Perhaps you have lost a sense of who you are. Life might have lost a little direction. You may be facing an enforced or welcome change or transition in your life. Maybe you are looking for a little support with someone you can trust. Something might need healing. You are strong and capable and also there is a part needing some compassion and care.
01603 984386 View 01603 984386
Photo of Lauren Roberts, MBACP, Counsellor
Lauren Roberts
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norwich NR3
Hello, I’m Lauren. I'm an integrative psychotherapeutic counsellor- which means that I am trained in and draw from the three main schools of thought and tailor my approach to you; not applying any particular method but rather meeting you where you are, and going from there. As there is no one set way of being, I believe there is no one set way of working therapeutically with another, so our therapeutic relationship is important. I offer a free 30 minute consultation to look at what brings you to counselling, any queries you may have, and to see how we 'fit' and how you feel about the prospect of beginning sessions with me.
Hello, I’m Lauren. I'm an integrative psychotherapeutic counsellor- which means that I am trained in and draw from the three main schools of thought and tailor my approach to you; not applying any particular method but rather meeting you where you are, and going from there. As there is no one set way of being, I believe there is no one set way of working therapeutically with another, so our therapeutic relationship is important. I offer a free 30 minute consultation to look at what brings you to counselling, any queries you may have, and to see how we 'fit' and how you feel about the prospect of beginning sessions with me.
01508 505549 View 01508 505549
Photo of Becky Grace Irwing - Becky Grace Therapy, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Becky Grace Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Norwich NR2
Are you struggling to work out who you are, feeling othered, the odd one out, having different views about society? Are you using behaviours involving food - bingeing, restricting, avoiding, exercising or being sick as a mask for feelings? You may have sought external validation through diagnoses e.g. ADHD, Autism, BPD, OCD, CPTSD to name but a few. You may have had different types of therapy before. You are longing for an answer to your eating difficulties, trauma or identity. You hide behind a mask of anxiety - maybe 'high functioning'? You may be unsure of where you sit on the gender and/or sexuality spectrum
Are you struggling to work out who you are, feeling othered, the odd one out, having different views about society? Are you using behaviours involving food - bingeing, restricting, avoiding, exercising or being sick as a mask for feelings? You may have sought external validation through diagnoses e.g. ADHD, Autism, BPD, OCD, CPTSD to name but a few. You may have had different types of therapy before. You are longing for an answer to your eating difficulties, trauma or identity. You hide behind a mask of anxiety - maybe 'high functioning'? You may be unsure of where you sit on the gender and/or sexuality spectrum
01603 361424 View 01603 361424
Photo of Daniel Hawkes, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Daniel Hawkes
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello! I’m Danny Hawkes - a CBT Therapist and University Lecturer. I have over 6 years of experience working within NHS Talking Therapies and 4 years in a prior role as a low-intensity CBT practitioner.
Hello! I’m Danny Hawkes - a CBT Therapist and University Lecturer. I have over 6 years of experience working within NHS Talking Therapies and 4 years in a prior role as a low-intensity CBT practitioner.
01603 361221 View 01603 361221
Photo of Yasmin Fryer - Freedom Counselling, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Freedom Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Norwich NR9
Clients often tell me I'm easy to speak to and very understanding. They feel comfortable in my presence and I often find they value my kind, sensitive but easy going nature. I have over 12 years of experience of counselling working with clients from all walks of life. I have worked with some high profile people who have put their trust in me. I help people find achievable goals encompassing psychotherapeutic tools such as speech analysis and problem solving, allowing for better ways of relating to family and friends.
Clients often tell me I'm easy to speak to and very understanding. They feel comfortable in my presence and I often find they value my kind, sensitive but easy going nature. I have over 12 years of experience of counselling working with clients from all walks of life. I have worked with some high profile people who have put their trust in me. I help people find achievable goals encompassing psychotherapeutic tools such as speech analysis and problem solving, allowing for better ways of relating to family and friends.
01603 361056 View 01603 361056
Photo of Max Cohen, MBACP, Counsellor
Max Cohen
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Norwich NR2
I work with individuals and couples aged 18+ on all issues. I specialise in trans+ (genderqueer, non-binary), LGBTQ+ issues & family support. I'm an Advanced Accredited Gender, Sex and Relationship Diversities Therapist (Pink Therapy). I also have over 25 years of experience of support work in areas such as living with HIV, recovering from domestic abuse, young people's issues, neurodiverse awareness and work-related issues such as discrimination.
I work with individuals and couples aged 18+ on all issues. I specialise in trans+ (genderqueer, non-binary), LGBTQ+ issues & family support. I'm an Advanced Accredited Gender, Sex and Relationship Diversities Therapist (Pink Therapy). I also have over 25 years of experience of support work in areas such as living with HIV, recovering from domestic abuse, young people's issues, neurodiverse awareness and work-related issues such as discrimination.
01392 349025 View 01392 349025
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See more therapy options for Norwich

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Norwich

100+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Norwich who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
81% Self Esteem
78% Stress
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
60% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% Aviva
45% AXA PPP
45% WPA

How Counsellors in Norwich see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Norwich?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.