Counselling in Mountnessing

Photo of Carol Nudds, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Carol Nudds
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am a fully qualified Integrative Psychotherapist and Clinical Supervisor MA Child Psych, Dipl Supv, PG-Dip CAMHS, BA (Hons) I have been working in the field for over twenty years with vast experience within all areas of mental health and emotional wellbeing. Whether you are an adult, child, couple or family I can help you work through your current, and or, past issues that are impacting your life, sense of self, relationships etc.
I am a fully qualified Integrative Psychotherapist and Clinical Supervisor MA Child Psych, Dipl Supv, PG-Dip CAMHS, BA (Hons) I have been working in the field for over twenty years with vast experience within all areas of mental health and emotional wellbeing. Whether you are an adult, child, couple or family I can help you work through your current, and or, past issues that are impacting your life, sense of self, relationships etc.
01277 505831 View 01277 505831
Photo of Kirsty Georgieff - Kirsty - Echo Counselling, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Kirsty - Echo Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I specialise in narcissistic abuse in relationships and the workplace. I work with anxiety and trauma alongside the dissociation from emotions this can cause. I have worked with survivors of domestic violence and bereaved families within a hospice setting. I also work for a society with worldwide clients recovering from narcissistic abuse. Exploring variations from your personal life within therapy is hugely important as I believe that no client is the same; regardless of whether they are experiencing loss, anxiety or an abusive narcissistic relationship.
I specialise in narcissistic abuse in relationships and the workplace. I work with anxiety and trauma alongside the dissociation from emotions this can cause. I have worked with survivors of domestic violence and bereaved families within a hospice setting. I also work for a society with worldwide clients recovering from narcissistic abuse. Exploring variations from your personal life within therapy is hugely important as I believe that no client is the same; regardless of whether they are experiencing loss, anxiety or an abusive narcissistic relationship.
01277 289640 View 01277 289640
Photo of Andy Powell, Counsellor, MBACP
Andy Powell
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
It can feel hard enough ordinarily, dealing with anxiety, stress and things we find difficult. And in recent times extra-ordinary pressures may have added to your concerns or dilemmas. The idea of seeing a therapist may seem daunting, but doing so allows you to explore and reflect on those aspects of life you're worried or unhappy about, rather than trying to work it all out on your own, in confusion, overwhelm or isolation. Let me support you, helping you find ways to be more connected to your inner strength, resillience and potential.
It can feel hard enough ordinarily, dealing with anxiety, stress and things we find difficult. And in recent times extra-ordinary pressures may have added to your concerns or dilemmas. The idea of seeing a therapist may seem daunting, but doing so allows you to explore and reflect on those aspects of life you're worried or unhappy about, rather than trying to work it all out on your own, in confusion, overwhelm or isolation. Let me support you, helping you find ways to be more connected to your inner strength, resillience and potential.
01277 674142 View 01277 674142

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Lynda P Gooby, Counsellor, MBACP
Lynda P Gooby
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I am a fully accredited,qualified integrative counsellor and clinical hypnotherapist providing time-limited and longer term therapy for adults, children and couples. I have an integrative training which enables me to draw upon a range of approaches including transactional analysis, cognitive behavioural therapy and person centred, to help clients explore what brings them to therapy. I work with a range of issues including: Anxiety Bereavement & loss Childhood trauma Coping with illness & long term health conditions Depression Domestic abuse Loss of direction in life Low self-esteem Phobias Redundancy Relationship difficulties.
I am a fully accredited,qualified integrative counsellor and clinical hypnotherapist providing time-limited and longer term therapy for adults, children and couples. I have an integrative training which enables me to draw upon a range of approaches including transactional analysis, cognitive behavioural therapy and person centred, to help clients explore what brings them to therapy. I work with a range of issues including: Anxiety Bereavement & loss Childhood trauma Coping with illness & long term health conditions Depression Domestic abuse Loss of direction in life Low self-esteem Phobias Redundancy Relationship difficulties.
01245 673770 View 01245 673770
Photo of Rizwana Jawid, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Rizwana Jawid
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Therapy itself can be a challenging journey as it encourages you to bring your difficulties to the surface but with the right help, you can overcome the difficulties to regain confidence and a sense of control over your lives. Taking the first step is always the hardest but a courageous one. I’m Rizwana, a Psychotherapist specialising in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for common mental health problems such as anxiety and depression and I’d be thrilled to support you on your journey. I have 10 years of experience working in mental health services in the NHS including inpatient and outpatient settings.
Therapy itself can be a challenging journey as it encourages you to bring your difficulties to the surface but with the right help, you can overcome the difficulties to regain confidence and a sense of control over your lives. Taking the first step is always the hardest but a courageous one. I’m Rizwana, a Psychotherapist specialising in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for common mental health problems such as anxiety and depression and I’d be thrilled to support you on your journey. I have 10 years of experience working in mental health services in the NHS including inpatient and outpatient settings.
View
Photo of Simone Heinsen, Counsellor, MBACP
Simone Heinsen
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Harlow CM18
We all have life struggles at times and for many having someone to hold a safe space and walk with them through that journey can be the key. My approach to counselling is deeply rooted in the belief that every person possesses the inherent ability to overcome their challenges and achieve their goals, given the right support and understanding. I emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a safe and supportive space to share your thoughts and emotions and talk through your concerns, whatever they may be. One of my core values is trust and I see it as a vital part of the therapeutic process.
We all have life struggles at times and for many having someone to hold a safe space and walk with them through that journey can be the key. My approach to counselling is deeply rooted in the belief that every person possesses the inherent ability to overcome their challenges and achieve their goals, given the right support and understanding. I emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a safe and supportive space to share your thoughts and emotions and talk through your concerns, whatever they may be. One of my core values is trust and I see it as a vital part of the therapeutic process.
View
Photo of Kim Macleod, Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Kim Macleod
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hello, I am Kim, a Chartered Counselling Psychologist. I specialise in helping people who are struggling to cope with chronic conditions such as persistent pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes or life following an accident. It can be difficult to adjust to life with a chronic condition. It is common to feel anxious about the future and low in mood. The desire to return to your previous self or to be different in some way contributes to the struggle. I have worked extensively in the NHS and private practice. My aim is to help you live your best life despite the condition.
Hello, I am Kim, a Chartered Counselling Psychologist. I specialise in helping people who are struggling to cope with chronic conditions such as persistent pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes or life following an accident. It can be difficult to adjust to life with a chronic condition. It is common to feel anxious about the future and low in mood. The desire to return to your previous self or to be different in some way contributes to the struggle. I have worked extensively in the NHS and private practice. My aim is to help you live your best life despite the condition.
01268 439928 View 01268 439928
Photo of Dr Kwun Fu Chan, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Kwun Fu Chan
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Life can be difficult to understand. It can be overwhelming. Sometimes, we end up going around in circles. All of us will experience at least some challenging situations at some point in our lives. Psychological therapy is a safe space to understand and overcome these difficulties. I am a Counselling Psychologist, and we can work together and find ways to improve your wellbeing and alleviate your struggles.
Life can be difficult to understand. It can be overwhelming. Sometimes, we end up going around in circles. All of us will experience at least some challenging situations at some point in our lives. Psychological therapy is a safe space to understand and overcome these difficulties. I am a Counselling Psychologist, and we can work together and find ways to improve your wellbeing and alleviate your struggles.
01206 237443 View 01206 237443
Photo of Jo Perry, Psychotherapist, MA
Jo Perry
Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hi, I'm Jo. I'm a qualified Play Therapist who loves to help children, and their families, live happier lives. Children can find it hard to explain their feelings in adult words; using play, the child can express themselves more clearly. As I help the child to understand what is happening within them, the child can begin to develop new coping strategies. I believe play therapy builds self awareness, resilience, self-confidence and understanding of others. I practice in a systemic manner, which means I like to work closely with the adults around the child. This helps me to support not just the child, but the family as a whole.
Hi, I'm Jo. I'm a qualified Play Therapist who loves to help children, and their families, live happier lives. Children can find it hard to explain their feelings in adult words; using play, the child can express themselves more clearly. As I help the child to understand what is happening within them, the child can begin to develop new coping strategies. I believe play therapy builds self awareness, resilience, self-confidence and understanding of others. I practice in a systemic manner, which means I like to work closely with the adults around the child. This helps me to support not just the child, but the family as a whole.
01702 655572 View 01702 655572
Photo of Laura Stephanie Fryer - Child in Mind , Counsellor, MBACP
Child in Mind
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Witham CM8
I am a fully qualified Person-Centred based/ Integrative counsellor. Specialising in working with Children and Adolescent’s. I am here to support you or your child to express and explore anything that they are finding difficult. I will adapt my work to the individual client. I work with you/them, we are all unique and there is no set way I work, I go with what you or your child brings to me and will offer my counselling skills to find the right way that suits you or them on this journey of self healing through therapy. I may work verbally or creatively or both all depends on the client.
I am a fully qualified Person-Centred based/ Integrative counsellor. Specialising in working with Children and Adolescent’s. I am here to support you or your child to express and explore anything that they are finding difficult. I will adapt my work to the individual client. I work with you/them, we are all unique and there is no set way I work, I go with what you or your child brings to me and will offer my counselling skills to find the right way that suits you or them on this journey of self healing through therapy. I may work verbally or creatively or both all depends on the client.
01621 731623 View 01621 731623
Catherine Teresa Bruce
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Ware SG12
You don’t have to suffer alone in silence, whatever problems you are experiencing. I offer you safe, confidential, non judgemental help to assist you in exploring the challenges you are facing. Together, we can work through your experiences, giving you hope and encouragement to find new insights, overcome difficulties and find ways of moving forward. As we work together, you can gain greater self awareness, confidence and self esteem, no matter what you have experienced in your life. I specialize in helping couples find better ways to communicate and strengthen their relationships.
You don’t have to suffer alone in silence, whatever problems you are experiencing. I offer you safe, confidential, non judgemental help to assist you in exploring the challenges you are facing. Together, we can work through your experiences, giving you hope and encouragement to find new insights, overcome difficulties and find ways of moving forward. As we work together, you can gain greater self awareness, confidence and self esteem, no matter what you have experienced in your life. I specialize in helping couples find better ways to communicate and strengthen their relationships.
01279 744169 View 01279 744169
Photo of Dr Christopher McCormack, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Christopher McCormack
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Clinical Psychologist who offers psychological assessment and treatment for a wide range of difficulties. In my NHS post, I work in an HIV & Sexual Health service and a specialist mental health team that provides input to inpatients and outpatients struggling with physical health problems. I am particularly experienced at seeing people and couples presenting with sexual difficulties, such as painful sex or unreliable erections. I also have a specialist interest in anxiety disorders and the application of cognitive behavioural therapy in its treatment.
I am a Clinical Psychologist who offers psychological assessment and treatment for a wide range of difficulties. In my NHS post, I work in an HIV & Sexual Health service and a specialist mental health team that provides input to inpatients and outpatients struggling with physical health problems. I am particularly experienced at seeing people and couples presenting with sexual difficulties, such as painful sex or unreliable erections. I also have a specialist interest in anxiety disorders and the application of cognitive behavioural therapy in its treatment.
01689 668406 View 01689 668406
Photo of Stella Hendricks, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Stella Hendricks
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Enfield EN2
In today's fast-paced world, life can feel incredibly challenging. We may find ourselves grappling with understanding our behaviours and reactions, feeling stuck and overwhelmed by life events. The hustle and bustle can leave us feeling disconnected and anxious, struggling to make sense of our inner turmoil. Whether the struggles stem from our relationships, work, addictions, or self-perception. We may often feel trapped by patterns of behaviour. The goal of therapy is to gain a deeper understanding of our challenges that may mask the underlying issues that have influenced who we are today.
In today's fast-paced world, life can feel incredibly challenging. We may find ourselves grappling with understanding our behaviours and reactions, feeling stuck and overwhelmed by life events. The hustle and bustle can leave us feeling disconnected and anxious, struggling to make sense of our inner turmoil. Whether the struggles stem from our relationships, work, addictions, or self-perception. We may often feel trapped by patterns of behaviour. The goal of therapy is to gain a deeper understanding of our challenges that may mask the underlying issues that have influenced who we are today.
01992 932495 View 01992 932495
Photo of Donna Kilday, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Donna Kilday
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Does life feel difficult for you at the moment? Maybe you are struggling to make sense of something that happened to you? I offer a safe space for you to talk - whether it is about something that happened in the past, now, or is a worry about the future - helping you to feel calmer and more confident.
Does life feel difficult for you at the moment? Maybe you are struggling to make sense of something that happened to you? I offer a safe space for you to talk - whether it is about something that happened in the past, now, or is a worry about the future - helping you to feel calmer and more confident.
01702 967120 View 01702 967120
Photo of Dr Tom Barber, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MUKCP
Dr Tom Barber
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
You know something isn’t right in your life, but you don’t quite know where to begin to get help. Maybe the idea of speaking with somebody feels a little daunting, or you’re concerned you won’t be able to find the words, or they won’t understand where you’re coming from. This is absolutely normal, and is what most people feel before the call a therapist to get help. Even if you’ve been to counselling and psychotherapy before, the thought of explaining your story yet again might fill you with dread. What you could really do with is somebody that gets it, that you can feel comfortable with, that can help you feel understood, quickly.
You know something isn’t right in your life, but you don’t quite know where to begin to get help. Maybe the idea of speaking with somebody feels a little daunting, or you’re concerned you won’t be able to find the words, or they won’t understand where you’re coming from. This is absolutely normal, and is what most people feel before the call a therapist to get help. Even if you’ve been to counselling and psychotherapy before, the thought of explaining your story yet again might fill you with dread. What you could really do with is somebody that gets it, that you can feel comfortable with, that can help you feel understood, quickly.
01206 879957 View 01206 879957
Photo of Holly Ann Forde - Seeking Solace Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Seeking Solace Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Online Only
Clients have come to me for many different reasons. From dealing with past traumas, connecting with their emotions and understanding their reactions, to working on a better sense of self and building confidence. Each client comes to therapy seeking a safe and non-judgmental space to unpack their thoughts and emotions. They often come because they don't feel heard in their day-to-day life, or need somewhere to explore emotions without fear of reactions or feelings of guilt.
Clients have come to me for many different reasons. From dealing with past traumas, connecting with their emotions and understanding their reactions, to working on a better sense of self and building confidence. Each client comes to therapy seeking a safe and non-judgmental space to unpack their thoughts and emotions. They often come because they don't feel heard in their day-to-day life, or need somewhere to explore emotions without fear of reactions or feelings of guilt.
01284 339473 View 01284 339473
Photo of Maaike Beech, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Maaike Beech
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Are you struggling with the aftermath of trauma? Sleeping difficulties, concentration problems, flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of triggers, a numbness or disconnect, the body being on alert, negative thoughts, etc. There is a way to feel better, more grounded, safer and more connected. With 17+ years experience, my team of qualified trauma therapists and I provide counselling and safe trauma therapy for young people and adults. We will always prioritise your safety, so that trauma therapy doesn't become too overwhelming. We also work with loss, grief, identity, depression, anxiety and stress.
Are you struggling with the aftermath of trauma? Sleeping difficulties, concentration problems, flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of triggers, a numbness or disconnect, the body being on alert, negative thoughts, etc. There is a way to feel better, more grounded, safer and more connected. With 17+ years experience, my team of qualified trauma therapists and I provide counselling and safe trauma therapy for young people and adults. We will always prioritise your safety, so that trauma therapy doesn't become too overwhelming. We also work with loss, grief, identity, depression, anxiety and stress.
01702 967374 View 01702 967374
Photo of Janey Pike - The Psychotherapeutic Counsellor, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
The Psychotherapeutic Counsellor
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
I work with many issues from anxiety & depression, to grief & loneliness. My specialities lie in relationships. This may be in the form of couples or marriage counselling or it may be an individual coming to therapy to talk about the key relationships in their lives. This could be past relationships, family, current relationships or maybe even future relationships? I will help you to understand your attachment style, communication on ways of relating to others. I will help you to see your life from many different angles and help you to challenge your own preconceived ideas of your limitations.
I work with many issues from anxiety & depression, to grief & loneliness. My specialities lie in relationships. This may be in the form of couples or marriage counselling or it may be an individual coming to therapy to talk about the key relationships in their lives. This could be past relationships, family, current relationships or maybe even future relationships? I will help you to understand your attachment style, communication on ways of relating to others. I will help you to see your life from many different angles and help you to challenge your own preconceived ideas of your limitations.
View
Photo of Gill Kitchen, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Gill Kitchen
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
When life is a challenge and we feel alone or unsupported, it is my belief that we can all find our 'place of peace'. Sometimes we simply need to connect with the 'right person' for a period of time to re-align our thoughts and feelings. If we can calm our inner self we can give ourselves an opportunity to navigate an alternative pathway to the one that we have found ourselves to be on.
When life is a challenge and we feel alone or unsupported, it is my belief that we can all find our 'place of peace'. Sometimes we simply need to connect with the 'right person' for a period of time to re-align our thoughts and feelings. If we can calm our inner self we can give ourselves an opportunity to navigate an alternative pathway to the one that we have found ourselves to be on.
01206 636401 View 01206 636401
Photo of Ky Lyn Harkins - Ky Harkins Life Counselling Services, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Ky Harkins Life Counselling Services
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Most of my clients come to me knowing they are not happy but they don't always know why. Sometimes it is because of the people and circumstances around them and sometimes it is because they keep repeating the same behaviours that are not producing a happy life for them. My job is to help people understand what it is in their lives that they are not happy with, or want to change and to imagine a life with the new changes in it. I work with the client to provide a safe, comfortable environment for them to explore what is going on for them and how they can make the changes to live a happy, fulfilling life.
Most of my clients come to me knowing they are not happy but they don't always know why. Sometimes it is because of the people and circumstances around them and sometimes it is because they keep repeating the same behaviours that are not producing a happy life for them. My job is to help people understand what it is in their lives that they are not happy with, or want to change and to imagine a life with the new changes in it. I work with the client to provide a safe, comfortable environment for them to explore what is going on for them and how they can make the changes to live a happy, fulfilling life.
01702 967241 View 01702 967241

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Mountnessing

< 10

Counsellors in Mountnessing who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Narcissistic Personality (NPD)
100% Self Esteem
100% Codependency
100% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Mountnessing see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Mountnessing?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.