Photo of Dr Iqbal Mohiuddin, MBBS, Psychiatrist
Dr Iqbal Mohiuddin
Psychiatrist, MBBS
Verified Verified
Luton LU2
I have assessed and holistically treated thousands of NHS patients for over 25 years as a British GMC registered doctor and psychiatrist. I have also been a private Consultant Psychiatrist in General Adult Psychiatry since 2008. I have successfully treated over a thousand private patients throughout the UK suffering from a wide variety of mental health problems including Adult ADHD, Depression, Anxiety and Panic disorders, OCD, PTSD, Bipolar disorder, Psychosis, Alcohol dependence, and Addiction. We also offer supervised Home Alcohol Detox for moderate Alcohol Dependence. I can help you to recover too. I can see you in 7-10 days.
I have assessed and holistically treated thousands of NHS patients for over 25 years as a British GMC registered doctor and psychiatrist. I have also been a private Consultant Psychiatrist in General Adult Psychiatry since 2008. I have successfully treated over a thousand private patients throughout the UK suffering from a wide variety of mental health problems including Adult ADHD, Depression, Anxiety and Panic disorders, OCD, PTSD, Bipolar disorder, Psychosis, Alcohol dependence, and Addiction. We also offer supervised Home Alcohol Detox for moderate Alcohol Dependence. I can help you to recover too. I can see you in 7-10 days.
01582 368253 View 01582 368253
Photo of Rafal Jan Komorowski, MSc, GMBPsS, Psychologist
Rafal Jan Komorowski
Psychologist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Psychologist specializing in Clinical Psychology. I graduated Master of Sciences (MSC), (mgr) from the Institute of Psychology at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. I also completed a psychotherapy course at PCI College in Dublin. I am a certified CBT Psychotherapist with a Professional Certificate CBT Therapy. I also completed a professional course in Neurolinguistic Therapy at the Institute of Neurolinguistics in Warsaw. I participated in many additional courses and workshops to improve my interests and professional qualifications. I am currently in the HCPC registration process. I am member of The BPS and The PTP.
I am a Psychologist specializing in Clinical Psychology. I graduated Master of Sciences (MSC), (mgr) from the Institute of Psychology at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. I also completed a psychotherapy course at PCI College in Dublin. I am a certified CBT Psychotherapist with a Professional Certificate CBT Therapy. I also completed a professional course in Neurolinguistic Therapy at the Institute of Neurolinguistics in Warsaw. I participated in many additional courses and workshops to improve my interests and professional qualifications. I am currently in the HCPC registration process. I am member of The BPS and The PTP.
01582 377993 View 01582 377993
Photo of Lyn O'Callaghan, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Lyn O'Callaghan
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Luton LU3
As an Integrative Counsellor, I tailor therapy to each client, as well as talking therapy, I draw from a diverse toolbox of techniques, such as CBT, EMDR and hypnosis. Having completed training specific to trauma and trauma-informed approaches, I am confident in my skills to scaffold clients while they learn ways to overcome obstacles, develop coping skills, and enhance their overall well-being. Through collaboration with my clients, they are able to explore concerns, build resilience and cultivate positive lasting change.
As an Integrative Counsellor, I tailor therapy to each client, as well as talking therapy, I draw from a diverse toolbox of techniques, such as CBT, EMDR and hypnosis. Having completed training specific to trauma and trauma-informed approaches, I am confident in my skills to scaffold clients while they learn ways to overcome obstacles, develop coping skills, and enhance their overall well-being. Through collaboration with my clients, they are able to explore concerns, build resilience and cultivate positive lasting change.
01582 297259 View 01582 297259
Photo of Corina Cullen, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Corina Cullen
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Online Only
I offer an integrative counselling service that caters to the unique needs of each individual. My approach combines the various therapeutic techniques to provide a holistic and personalised experience for my clients using a client-centred approach to create a safe and collaborative space for healing and growth. Whether you are facing personal or relational challenges, I am here to support you on your journey towards emotional well-being and self-discovery. ​ I believe that the counselling relationship is the core strength of any therapeutic journey which is why I offer a free 10 minute telephone appointment
I offer an integrative counselling service that caters to the unique needs of each individual. My approach combines the various therapeutic techniques to provide a holistic and personalised experience for my clients using a client-centred approach to create a safe and collaborative space for healing and growth. Whether you are facing personal or relational challenges, I am here to support you on your journey towards emotional well-being and self-discovery. ​ I believe that the counselling relationship is the core strength of any therapeutic journey which is why I offer a free 10 minute telephone appointment
07983 626690 View 07983 626690
Photo of Dr Margaret Jordan, AFBPSsS, Psychologist
Dr Margaret Jordan
Psychologist, AFBPSsS
Verified Verified
Luton LU2
I work with most presenting issues in children & adults. I specialise in brain-based therapies that I integrate with talking therapies. My specialist area is psychological trauma and emotional regulation found in most issues. I have 38 years experience in the NHS, Private & Voluntary sectors with children, couples & adults.
I work with most presenting issues in children & adults. I specialise in brain-based therapies that I integrate with talking therapies. My specialist area is psychological trauma and emotional regulation found in most issues. I have 38 years experience in the NHS, Private & Voluntary sectors with children, couples & adults.
020 4538 5340 View 020 4538 5340
Photo of Karen Rowlands, BACP, Counsellor
Karen Rowlands
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Luton LU2
Are you feeling anxious, sad or struggling to cope? Perhaps you are going through life-changing events such as bereavement, divorce, long-term illness or feelings of being stuck and not knowing how to move forwards? Whatever is troubling you, I am here to listen and would like to help you find a positive way forward. I work with adults and adolescents, providing a safe and compassionate environment where you feel comfortable to talk about any aspect of yourself or your life that is troubling you. I work in Herts, Beds and Bucks and offer on-line therapy (Zoom/Skype/video WhatsAPP), evening and weekend apps. available.
Are you feeling anxious, sad or struggling to cope? Perhaps you are going through life-changing events such as bereavement, divorce, long-term illness or feelings of being stuck and not knowing how to move forwards? Whatever is troubling you, I am here to listen and would like to help you find a positive way forward. I work with adults and adolescents, providing a safe and compassionate environment where you feel comfortable to talk about any aspect of yourself or your life that is troubling you. I work in Herts, Beds and Bucks and offer on-line therapy (Zoom/Skype/video WhatsAPP), evening and weekend apps. available.
01727 638166 View 01727 638166
Photo of Dr Mohammadrasool Yadegarfard, PhD, CPsychol, Psychologist
Dr Mohammadrasool Yadegarfard
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am qualified to work with people with anxiety, bereavement and loss, depression; identity confusion and change; coming out; self-esteem and shame, trauma and post-traumatic stress and also survivors of sexual abuse. I work with both individuals and couples. I am experienced in working with young people and adults and with people in a range of relationship styles including monogamous, polyamorous and open relationships. I work with all members of LGBT+ and those who do not identify as such but are questioning or exploring this aspect of their sexuality, regardless of their sexual orientation.
I am qualified to work with people with anxiety, bereavement and loss, depression; identity confusion and change; coming out; self-esteem and shame, trauma and post-traumatic stress and also survivors of sexual abuse. I work with both individuals and couples. I am experienced in working with young people and adults and with people in a range of relationship styles including monogamous, polyamorous and open relationships. I work with all members of LGBT+ and those who do not identify as such but are questioning or exploring this aspect of their sexuality, regardless of their sexual orientation.
01582 349465 View 01582 349465
Photo of Sarah Rose, BACP, Counsellor
Sarah Rose
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Luton LU2
Are you feeling anxious? Finding life overwhelming? Struggling with low mood? I can help. Sometimes life gets a bit too much, maybe something happened, either recently or in the past and this is affecting how you feel now. Perhaps you are unsure about why you feel the way that you do and you would like to explore this with someone who is trained to listen. I can provide you with a safe and non judgmental space to navigate difficult times and work through your experiences and emotions.
Are you feeling anxious? Finding life overwhelming? Struggling with low mood? I can help. Sometimes life gets a bit too much, maybe something happened, either recently or in the past and this is affecting how you feel now. Perhaps you are unsure about why you feel the way that you do and you would like to explore this with someone who is trained to listen. I can provide you with a safe and non judgmental space to navigate difficult times and work through your experiences and emotions.
07918 268840 View 07918 268840
Photo of Gehad Mursi, MSc, Counsellor
Gehad Mursi
Counsellor, MSc
Verified Verified
Luton LU3
I offer online counselling to support adults and young people with their difficulties of life. Some of the areas I cover include: stress, anxiety, eating disorders, depression, self-esteem and confidence, relationships, anger, trauma, and many more. Feel free to book your FREE consultation with me to discuss further.
I offer online counselling to support adults and young people with their difficulties of life. Some of the areas I cover include: stress, anxiety, eating disorders, depression, self-esteem and confidence, relationships, anger, trauma, and many more. Feel free to book your FREE consultation with me to discuss further.
01582 377950 View 01582 377950
Photo of Sarah Murdoch, MBACP, Counsellor
Sarah Murdoch
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Luton LU2
Beginning counselling takes a huge amount of courage and I consider it a privilege to work therapeutically with each one of my clients. I provide a comfortable, warm and confidential space in which you can express yourself freely. I operate from a place of non-judgement. I work integratively, meaning that I use a number of therapeutic models as part of my approach to best meet your needs. This includes elements of humanistic, existential, psychodynamic and cognitive behavioural therapy.
Beginning counselling takes a huge amount of courage and I consider it a privilege to work therapeutically with each one of my clients. I provide a comfortable, warm and confidential space in which you can express yourself freely. I operate from a place of non-judgement. I work integratively, meaning that I use a number of therapeutic models as part of my approach to best meet your needs. This includes elements of humanistic, existential, psychodynamic and cognitive behavioural therapy.
01491 529451 View 01491 529451
Photo of Dr Daria Bonanno, CPsychol, Psychologist
Dr Daria Bonanno
Psychologist, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Luton LU4
I enjoy working with individuals, couples or families that are highly motivated to change or address any obstacles that affects their emotional wellbeing and potential. I have a breath of experience of working with people affected directly or indirectly by physical health problems from curative to end of life. My particular area of expertise is oncology. I also provide psychological assessments to individuals that wish to undergo cosmetic, elective or bariatric surgery.
I enjoy working with individuals, couples or families that are highly motivated to change or address any obstacles that affects their emotional wellbeing and potential. I have a breath of experience of working with people affected directly or indirectly by physical health problems from curative to end of life. My particular area of expertise is oncology. I also provide psychological assessments to individuals that wish to undergo cosmetic, elective or bariatric surgery.
01462 415923 View 01462 415923
Photo of Paulette Adams, MBACP, Counsellor
Paulette Adams
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Luton LU3
There are times in our lives when our ability to cope alone is significantly diminished. You may be there right now. Perhaps negative experiences from the past, or significant life changing experiences have altered the way you think, feel, or behave. You want to move forward, but just can't seem to break the cycle of shame, guilt and fear? You may be unsure who you can trust? My personal experience and faith in God's transforming power fuels my passion to come alongside the hurting, wounded, confused, lonely and voiceless as I witness broken lives being restored.
There are times in our lives when our ability to cope alone is significantly diminished. You may be there right now. Perhaps negative experiences from the past, or significant life changing experiences have altered the way you think, feel, or behave. You want to move forward, but just can't seem to break the cycle of shame, guilt and fear? You may be unsure who you can trust? My personal experience and faith in God's transforming power fuels my passion to come alongside the hurting, wounded, confused, lonely and voiceless as I witness broken lives being restored.
01582 310669 View 01582 310669
Photo of Peter Brown, MBACP, Counsellor
Peter Brown
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Luton LU3
I offer a warm respectful safe environment where you can explore all the difficulties that you’re facing. Issues I work with include relationship issues, depression, anxiety, couple counselling, trauma (ptsd, cptsd), low self worth/confidence, emotional withdrawal/disengagement, life changes/transitions, work issues, procrastination, historical abuse, shame/guilt/blame, loss, to mention a few. If you are finding it difficult coping or struggling with difficult feelings/emotions, or your thinking is just going around and around in circles, counselling can help. My aim is to support you through those challenging and difficult time.
I offer a warm respectful safe environment where you can explore all the difficulties that you’re facing. Issues I work with include relationship issues, depression, anxiety, couple counselling, trauma (ptsd, cptsd), low self worth/confidence, emotional withdrawal/disengagement, life changes/transitions, work issues, procrastination, historical abuse, shame/guilt/blame, loss, to mention a few. If you are finding it difficult coping or struggling with difficult feelings/emotions, or your thinking is just going around and around in circles, counselling can help. My aim is to support you through those challenging and difficult time.
01582 380654 View 01582 380654
Photo of Deeann Press, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Deeann Press
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Luton LU2
Please don't struggle alone - I can help you. We can explore together all the difficulties that you are battling with. Dark and negative thoughts can be shared and worked through. I have a high success rate of dealing with issues from anxiety, depression, confidence, anger, addiction, emotional/physical/sexual abuse, relationship issues, bullying, friendship problems, bereavement, school/work problems, stress and many, many more. If you feel you are living in your own mind, together we can change this - there is light at the end of the tunnel.
Please don't struggle alone - I can help you. We can explore together all the difficulties that you are battling with. Dark and negative thoughts can be shared and worked through. I have a high success rate of dealing with issues from anxiety, depression, confidence, anger, addiction, emotional/physical/sexual abuse, relationship issues, bullying, friendship problems, bereavement, school/work problems, stress and many, many more. If you feel you are living in your own mind, together we can change this - there is light at the end of the tunnel.
01582 349523 View 01582 349523
Photo of Inga Krzyzanowska de Sloan, MA, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Inga Krzyzanowska de Sloan
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Luton LU3
I'm a fully qualified, HCPC registered Art Psychotherapist based from MK / Luton, but I work throughout the Home Counties. I utilise a creative process with clients who present with a wide range of difficulties such as low mood, attachment or relational issues, trauma, psychosis, personality disorders, self-harming behaviours, low self-esteem and anxiety disorders. Art Psychotherapy can enable you to stabilise moods, explore unconscious processes and make progress toward recovery. Using art materials encourages you to express feelings which are difficult to express in words, in a safe, compassionate, non-judgemental space.
I'm a fully qualified, HCPC registered Art Psychotherapist based from MK / Luton, but I work throughout the Home Counties. I utilise a creative process with clients who present with a wide range of difficulties such as low mood, attachment or relational issues, trauma, psychosis, personality disorders, self-harming behaviours, low self-esteem and anxiety disorders. Art Psychotherapy can enable you to stabilise moods, explore unconscious processes and make progress toward recovery. Using art materials encourages you to express feelings which are difficult to express in words, in a safe, compassionate, non-judgemental space.
01491 523719 View 01491 523719
Photo of Helen Margaret Springer, MBACP, Counsellor
Helen Margaret Springer
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Luton LU1
For over 35 years, I have worked with people who had personal or relationship problems. We have together worked through the issues to explore and understand the sources and reasons for their feelings and troubles. In a relaxed and supportive setting, I have helped them discover and agree the solutions that were right for them. I am here to help you find the best solution for your emotional concerns.
For over 35 years, I have worked with people who had personal or relationship problems. We have together worked through the issues to explore and understand the sources and reasons for their feelings and troubles. In a relaxed and supportive setting, I have helped them discover and agree the solutions that were right for them. I am here to help you find the best solution for your emotional concerns.
01462 418488 View 01462 418488
Photo of Lizandra Leigertwood, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Lizandra Leigertwood
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Luton LU1
When you feel very critical of yourself it can be hard to feel good enough. You can find it difficult to say no or ask for what you need. I work with women who are ready to break unhelpful patterns of the past, stop people pleasing and set healthy boundaries. You want to start prioritising yourself, to stop feeling on edge and worrying something bad is about to happen. You want to feel calmer, less anxious and more in control of your emotions, but you don't know where to start. This is where I can help. Together, we'll find practical tools to empower you to cope with life's inevitable challenges. In person sessions are in St Albans.
When you feel very critical of yourself it can be hard to feel good enough. You can find it difficult to say no or ask for what you need. I work with women who are ready to break unhelpful patterns of the past, stop people pleasing and set healthy boundaries. You want to start prioritising yourself, to stop feeling on edge and worrying something bad is about to happen. You want to feel calmer, less anxious and more in control of your emotions, but you don't know where to start. This is where I can help. Together, we'll find practical tools to empower you to cope with life's inevitable challenges. In person sessions are in St Albans.
01727 326220 View 01727 326220
Photo of Anjum Naqvi, PhD, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Anjum Naqvi
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
I'm a psychotherapist here to support people who want to deepen their self-understanding and build the skills and insights to create a more fulfilling life. Together in therapy, we'll explore what’s currently challenging you, understand how these difficulties may have developed, and work toward lasting solutions. I draw on a mix of approaches, including psychodynamic therapy, CBT, and EMDR, to tailor the process to your unique needs.
I'm a psychotherapist here to support people who want to deepen their self-understanding and build the skills and insights to create a more fulfilling life. Together in therapy, we'll explore what’s currently challenging you, understand how these difficulties may have developed, and work toward lasting solutions. I draw on a mix of approaches, including psychodynamic therapy, CBT, and EMDR, to tailor the process to your unique needs.
View
Photo of Fiona Beckford, MA, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Fiona Beckford
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I enjoy working with individuals, couples and family estrangements, particularly with relationship and communication breakdowns. I also have clients who identify as dual heritage and wish to explore 'who am I?' in their cultural context to address any relationship breakdown. I also support clients who have been traumatised and for those who are happy to engage, set personal development homework, so clients can witness their own progress. And as a Christian therapist, who is guided by the teachings of the Bible, I enjoy working ethiclly and opening, treating all clients with compassion, kindness and care.
I enjoy working with individuals, couples and family estrangements, particularly with relationship and communication breakdowns. I also have clients who identify as dual heritage and wish to explore 'who am I?' in their cultural context to address any relationship breakdown. I also support clients who have been traumatised and for those who are happy to engage, set personal development homework, so clients can witness their own progress. And as a Christian therapist, who is guided by the teachings of the Bible, I enjoy working ethiclly and opening, treating all clients with compassion, kindness and care.
View
Photo of Claire Louise Rogers, MBACP, Counsellor
Claire Louise Rogers
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hey there! I'm a neurodivergent therapist so have lived experience of the challenges this may bring, whether you have a diagnosis or perhaps feeling anxious about it all I am here to listen. I have experience with lots of issues you may be experiencing. anxiety, relationship problems, financial worries, stress or maybe you want to offload. I also have experience working with sexual violence. I'm here to support you during times when you might feel a bit alone. The best part? My sessions are online, so you can chat with me from the comfort of your favourite spot. Let’s have a friendly conversation.
Hey there! I'm a neurodivergent therapist so have lived experience of the challenges this may bring, whether you have a diagnosis or perhaps feeling anxious about it all I am here to listen. I have experience with lots of issues you may be experiencing. anxiety, relationship problems, financial worries, stress or maybe you want to offload. I also have experience working with sexual violence. I'm here to support you during times when you might feel a bit alone. The best part? My sessions are online, so you can chat with me from the comfort of your favourite spot. Let’s have a friendly conversation.
01234 230987 View 01234 230987
1

See more therapy options for Luton

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Luton

60+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Luton who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
89% Self Esteem
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Stress
68% Bereavement
61% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Cigna and Evernorth
53% Aviva
47% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Luton see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Luton?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.