Counselling in Lower Kingswood

Photo of David Campbell, Counsellor, MBACP
David Campbell
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
My name is David, and I offer outcome-focused therapy for complex challenges such as depression, anxiety, addiction, and relationship difficulties, whether these arise at home or at work. I believe lasting change comes from understanding where difficulties originated and how they continue to shape your life today. Our work may involve exploring past experiences and the emotions linked to them in a compassionate, empathic, and non-judgmental way. This helps uncover how earlier experiences inform how you think, feel, and respond in the present, creating the conditions for meaningful, lasting, and sustainable change over time.
My name is David, and I offer outcome-focused therapy for complex challenges such as depression, anxiety, addiction, and relationship difficulties, whether these arise at home or at work. I believe lasting change comes from understanding where difficulties originated and how they continue to shape your life today. Our work may involve exploring past experiences and the emotions linked to them in a compassionate, empathic, and non-judgmental way. This helps uncover how earlier experiences inform how you think, feel, and respond in the present, creating the conditions for meaningful, lasting, and sustainable change over time.
01372 664327 View 01372 664327
Photo of Katrina Voysey, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Katrina Voysey
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Serves Area
Highly experienced, I offer a safe, non-judgemental and creative space to explore personal or relationship concerns. Psychotherapy can help you to cope better with difficult experiences, to change your behaviours & attitudes, to resolve your problems and to develop resources for a more enriching life. Relational or couples counselling can help you repair relationships blighted by vicious arguments, affairs, mistrust, sexual issues, control, boredom or a deadening growing apart. Working with me can set your relationship back on course for better, more fulfilling times; or it can ease the difficulties of a breakup.
Highly experienced, I offer a safe, non-judgemental and creative space to explore personal or relationship concerns. Psychotherapy can help you to cope better with difficult experiences, to change your behaviours & attitudes, to resolve your problems and to develop resources for a more enriching life. Relational or couples counselling can help you repair relationships blighted by vicious arguments, affairs, mistrust, sexual issues, control, boredom or a deadening growing apart. Working with me can set your relationship back on course for better, more fulfilling times; or it can ease the difficulties of a breakup.
020 3948 6490 View 020 3948 6490
Photo of Catherine Frisby, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Catherine Frisby
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Serves Area
Coming to counselling for the first time can be daunting and may take some courage. I would like to offer you a safe, confidential, non-judgemental, neutral space to work through difficult feelings, gain insights and help you move forward. It may be separation or loss that has brought you to this point. Perhaps you are suffering from depression, anxiety or relationship difficulties. It may be past traumas that are affecting you. It could be a vague sense of dissatisfaction and a search for a greater sense of meaning that is the source of your discomfort. Whatever the issue, counselling with a skilled counsellor can guide you through
Coming to counselling for the first time can be daunting and may take some courage. I would like to offer you a safe, confidential, non-judgemental, neutral space to work through difficult feelings, gain insights and help you move forward. It may be separation or loss that has brought you to this point. Perhaps you are suffering from depression, anxiety or relationship difficulties. It may be past traumas that are affecting you. It could be a vague sense of dissatisfaction and a search for a greater sense of meaning that is the source of your discomfort. Whatever the issue, counselling with a skilled counsellor can guide you through
01737 949543 View 01737 949543

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Musa Roxan Madden - MRM Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
MRM Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Person Centred counselling is client led, my role is to provide empathy, transparency and a non judgemental environment, by focusing on the 'here and now' and the feelings you experience, clarity and become increasingly self aware. Analytical hypnotherapy uses relaxation and visualisation to assist you in looking at past trauma and unresolved conflicts. In a relaxed state you are able to work subconsciously to investigate and resolve past issues, irrational thinking, eliminating negative habits and behaviour, enabling healing to occur.
Person Centred counselling is client led, my role is to provide empathy, transparency and a non judgemental environment, by focusing on the 'here and now' and the feelings you experience, clarity and become increasingly self aware. Analytical hypnotherapy uses relaxation and visualisation to assist you in looking at past trauma and unresolved conflicts. In a relaxed state you are able to work subconsciously to investigate and resolve past issues, irrational thinking, eliminating negative habits and behaviour, enabling healing to occur.
01628 200406 View 01628 200406
Photo of Prof Darren Langdridge, Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Prof Darren Langdridge
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Online Only
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist, who has worked in a range of settings with a wide range of clients. My way of working involves helping clients to gain increased insight and control over their presenting concerns or issues. Clients see me for a range of reasons including addictions, anxiety, bereavement, depression, illness, relationship difficulties and many other concerns. I have particular expertise working with clients wanting to explore questions around meaning of life. I am also a Professor of Psychology in HE and provide training therapy, as well as clinical and educational supervision.
I am an experienced counsellor and psychotherapist, who has worked in a range of settings with a wide range of clients. My way of working involves helping clients to gain increased insight and control over their presenting concerns or issues. Clients see me for a range of reasons including addictions, anxiety, bereavement, depression, illness, relationship difficulties and many other concerns. I have particular expertise working with clients wanting to explore questions around meaning of life. I am also a Professor of Psychology in HE and provide training therapy, as well as clinical and educational supervision.
01273 092840 View 01273 092840
Photo of Sarah Hirigoyen, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Sarah Hirigoyen
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Serves Area
My ideal client would be someone who already knows themselves a little, has possibly been in therapy before, so understands the path ahead. Someone who is emotionally intelligent and truth seeking; perhaps someone who seeks a deeper understanding of themselves, their context and their relationships.
My ideal client would be someone who already knows themselves a little, has possibly been in therapy before, so understands the path ahead. Someone who is emotionally intelligent and truth seeking; perhaps someone who seeks a deeper understanding of themselves, their context and their relationships.
07428 915352 View 07428 915352
Photo of Bjorn Ventris, Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Bjorn Ventris
Psychotherapist, COSRT General
1 Endorsed
London N16
Not accepting new clients
Hello, my name is Bjorn Ventris (he/him). I am a relationship and sex therapist based in Hackney. I work with individuals, couples & polycules from all backgrounds and orientations to help them improve their relationships and sex lives. Some issues I help clients with include: open relationships & consensual non-monogamy, mismatched desire, improving communication, conflict, long term commitment, infidelity and rebuilding trust, improving intimacy, relationship endings & separation, step families, erectile dysfunction, rapid or retarded ejaculation, vaginismus, sexual trauma, compulsive sexual behaviour and problematic porn use.
Hello, my name is Bjorn Ventris (he/him). I am a relationship and sex therapist based in Hackney. I work with individuals, couples & polycules from all backgrounds and orientations to help them improve their relationships and sex lives. Some issues I help clients with include: open relationships & consensual non-monogamy, mismatched desire, improving communication, conflict, long term commitment, infidelity and rebuilding trust, improving intimacy, relationship endings & separation, step families, erectile dysfunction, rapid or retarded ejaculation, vaginismus, sexual trauma, compulsive sexual behaviour and problematic porn use.
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Photo of Emma Pereira, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Emma Pereira
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome and congratulations at taking the very courageous first step towards a more fulfilling life. My name's Emma and I am licensed in the UK with over 17 years of professional work experience in Canada and the UK. I have extensive training and experience in supporting clients with stress and anxiety, low mood, sleep issues, motivation and low self esteem. Now you've taken this brave first step, I hope to hear from you soon.
Welcome and congratulations at taking the very courageous first step towards a more fulfilling life. My name's Emma and I am licensed in the UK with over 17 years of professional work experience in Canada and the UK. I have extensive training and experience in supporting clients with stress and anxiety, low mood, sleep issues, motivation and low self esteem. Now you've taken this brave first step, I hope to hear from you soon.
0118 230 6478 View 0118 230 6478
Photo of Catherine Perry, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Catherine Perry
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am so glad you found your way here! My name is Cath & ​I am a neurodivergent therapist specialising in nuero-affirming & neuro-inclusive eating disorder recovery & body image healing. I also have lived experience recovering from my own eating disorder many moons ago & as I am also an embodied yoga & movement teacher & I use a creative & embodied approach as the vessel to facilitate a safe and brave space for people's healing journeys! ​ Whether it is your first time reaching out for support, or you have tried therapy before but have struggled to make changes, I will work with you to find your own unique path to healing.
I am so glad you found your way here! My name is Cath & ​I am a neurodivergent therapist specialising in nuero-affirming & neuro-inclusive eating disorder recovery & body image healing. I also have lived experience recovering from my own eating disorder many moons ago & as I am also an embodied yoga & movement teacher & I use a creative & embodied approach as the vessel to facilitate a safe and brave space for people's healing journeys! ​ Whether it is your first time reaching out for support, or you have tried therapy before but have struggled to make changes, I will work with you to find your own unique path to healing.
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Photo of Catherine Sanderson, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Catherine Sanderson
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Serves Area
Hello, I’m Catherine, a BACP-registered psychotherapist with an MSc, & also awarded Psychotherapist of the Year 2025, by Prestige Awards. I work with adults experiencing the effects of trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, addiction, and patterns that no longer serve them. I integrate clinical training with lived experience to offer compassionate, relational therapy. My work supports people to process trauma, rebuild self-worth, develop healthier coping strategies, and move toward greater emotional stability, self-understanding, and lasting change. I offer a safe, non-judgemental space to explore whatever has brought you to therapy.
Hello, I’m Catherine, a BACP-registered psychotherapist with an MSc, & also awarded Psychotherapist of the Year 2025, by Prestige Awards. I work with adults experiencing the effects of trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, addiction, and patterns that no longer serve them. I integrate clinical training with lived experience to offer compassionate, relational therapy. My work supports people to process trauma, rebuild self-worth, develop healthier coping strategies, and move toward greater emotional stability, self-understanding, and lasting change. I offer a safe, non-judgemental space to explore whatever has brought you to therapy.
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Photo of Karen Gubb, Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Karen Gubb
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
I am a Clinical Psychologist with more than 20 years of experience. I work with adults who are struggling with a wide range of difficulties including depression, anxiety, personality disorders, bipolar disorder, trauma, bereavement and relationship struggles. I also enjoy working with individuals who might not be presented with a psychiatric difficulty but want to look at the patterns in their lives in the interest of making some profound changes.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with more than 20 years of experience. I work with adults who are struggling with a wide range of difficulties including depression, anxiety, personality disorders, bipolar disorder, trauma, bereavement and relationship struggles. I also enjoy working with individuals who might not be presented with a psychiatric difficulty but want to look at the patterns in their lives in the interest of making some profound changes.
01344 964136 View 01344 964136
Photo of Joanna Kucinska - Shelter Within Therapy, Psychotherapist, BPC
Shelter Within Therapy
Psychotherapist, BPC
Serves Area
Are you tired of repeating the same painful experiences, patterns of behaviour, feeling disconnected, or carrying the weight of past hurts or trauma? I am a Psychodynamic Therapist specialising in deep and lasting change. Many clients come to me feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure why they keep reacting the same way in their personal and professional lives. I believe true healing requires moving beyond surface-level symptoms to understand the root causes of your distress. At Shelter Within Therapy, I offer a dedicated, non-judgmental space where we will explore the underlying emotional dynamics that shape your life today.
Are you tired of repeating the same painful experiences, patterns of behaviour, feeling disconnected, or carrying the weight of past hurts or trauma? I am a Psychodynamic Therapist specialising in deep and lasting change. Many clients come to me feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure why they keep reacting the same way in their personal and professional lives. I believe true healing requires moving beyond surface-level symptoms to understand the root causes of your distress. At Shelter Within Therapy, I offer a dedicated, non-judgmental space where we will explore the underlying emotional dynamics that shape your life today.
01885 477137 View 01885 477137
Photo of Josh Friend, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Josh Friend
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Online Only
People say, "Your 20s and 30s are supposed to be the 'best years of your life,'" but for many, they feel like a constant state of anxiety, pressure, and uncertainty. I am a specialist counsellor with a background in university mental health and student development. I work specifically with adults who are feeling the unique weight of this life stage—whether you are dealing with academic burnout, 'imposter syndrome' in your first graduate job, or simply feeling lost while everyone else seems to be moving forward.
People say, "Your 20s and 30s are supposed to be the 'best years of your life,'" but for many, they feel like a constant state of anxiety, pressure, and uncertainty. I am a specialist counsellor with a background in university mental health and student development. I work specifically with adults who are feeling the unique weight of this life stage—whether you are dealing with academic burnout, 'imposter syndrome' in your first graduate job, or simply feeling lost while everyone else seems to be moving forward.
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Photo of Julie Roper, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Julie Roper
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
I offer high quality counselling and Therapy, I believe that we are all unique and individual. My offices are in Kingshill, Kent and Cranbrook, Kent. I have been practising since 2005 and have gained a wealth of experience working within the Private Sector, Schools , Prison System, Hospices. I now work privately.
I offer high quality counselling and Therapy, I believe that we are all unique and individual. My offices are in Kingshill, Kent and Cranbrook, Kent. I have been practising since 2005 and have gained a wealth of experience working within the Private Sector, Schools , Prison System, Hospices. I now work privately.
07723 489473 View 07723 489473
Photo of Yoona Sorn, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Yoona Sorn
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Online Only
I support clients navigating life's challenges, from daily stress and anxiety to deeper emotional wounds. Many seek help when feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or mounting pressures affecting their relationships and work. With extensive experience in trauma, gender-based violence, and helping clients process the impacts of racism, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for healing and growth. My clients often seek not just symptom relief, but a deeper understanding of themselves. Whether you're dealing with recent stress or long-standing concerns, I provide collaborative, empathetic support tailored to your unique needs.
I support clients navigating life's challenges, from daily stress and anxiety to deeper emotional wounds. Many seek help when feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or mounting pressures affecting their relationships and work. With extensive experience in trauma, gender-based violence, and helping clients process the impacts of racism, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for healing and growth. My clients often seek not just symptom relief, but a deeper understanding of themselves. Whether you're dealing with recent stress or long-standing concerns, I provide collaborative, empathetic support tailored to your unique needs.
020 4572 1028 View 020 4572 1028
Photo of Dr Nomsa Sandra Wayland, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Nomsa Sandra Wayland
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
As a qualified psychologist who offers a holistic, integrative approach to therapy that acknowledges the interconnectedness of mental, emotional, physical, social, and cultural influences on well-being, my work is grounded in Western and non-western psychological theories, allowing me to tailor therapy to each client’s unique background, needs, and worldview. Most of my clients seek therapy because they feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from others. I am passionate about creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients can explore their experiences, have clarity in their thoughts and emotions.
As a qualified psychologist who offers a holistic, integrative approach to therapy that acknowledges the interconnectedness of mental, emotional, physical, social, and cultural influences on well-being, my work is grounded in Western and non-western psychological theories, allowing me to tailor therapy to each client’s unique background, needs, and worldview. Most of my clients seek therapy because they feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from others. I am passionate about creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients can explore their experiences, have clarity in their thoughts and emotions.
01702 908353 View 01702 908353
Photo of John Taggart, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
John Taggart
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
London SW11
When we meet I will discuss what sort of therapy will be best for you . I am a therapist who listens with intelligence and compassion, but I am not one who just sits in silence. I am sensitive to how difficult it can be to share personal issues. Sometimes the work will be challenging, but the experience of being heard and understood can be very powerful.
When we meet I will discuss what sort of therapy will be best for you . I am a therapist who listens with intelligence and compassion, but I am not one who just sits in silence. I am sensitive to how difficult it can be to share personal issues. Sometimes the work will be challenging, but the experience of being heard and understood can be very powerful.
07858 423738 View 07858 423738
Photo of Peggy Sweeney, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Peggy Sweeney
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Emotional well being is something we can often take for granted, and more often than not we do not take time to attend to our emotional well being until we begin to struggle to maintain a balance. You may just need some space to reflect safely and without judgement. Perhaps you are overwhelmed by the pressures of life, stuck in a rut, repeating negative patterns, or trying to find a way out of anxiety or depression. Maybe you just don’t feel able to share your worries and concerns with those around you and you just don’t feel like ‘you’ so would like to explore why you might have feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness.
Emotional well being is something we can often take for granted, and more often than not we do not take time to attend to our emotional well being until we begin to struggle to maintain a balance. You may just need some space to reflect safely and without judgement. Perhaps you are overwhelmed by the pressures of life, stuck in a rut, repeating negative patterns, or trying to find a way out of anxiety or depression. Maybe you just don’t feel able to share your worries and concerns with those around you and you just don’t feel like ‘you’ so would like to explore why you might have feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness.
01656 334890 View 01656 334890
Photo of Anna Reeves, Counsellor, MBACP
Anna Reeves
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I have worked across child and adult mental health services for a few years now and I work integrationally to make sure that the type of therapy that you need is available to you. I have a lot of experience in working with neurodivergence and can adapt to each individuals requirements. I believe you are the expert in your life.
I have worked across child and adult mental health services for a few years now and I work integrationally to make sure that the type of therapy that you need is available to you. I have a lot of experience in working with neurodivergence and can adapt to each individuals requirements. I believe you are the expert in your life.
0117 463 4954 View 0117 463 4954
Photo of Sarah Elliott - Solve and Evolve Therapies, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Solve and Evolve Therapies
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Gravesend DA12
I'm an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, Counsellor & EMDR Practitioner with over 20yrs experience in mental health. I support Adults and Adolescents (12-17yrs). I have additional training in Supervision & nearly 15 years experience Supervising within the NHS and private practice. I have a special interest in PTSD and trauma. I also specialise in anxiety disorders (ie. PTSD, Panic, Health, GAD, OCD, Social Anxiety and Phobias) depression, stress and low self-esteem. I Supervise Trainees on the level 7 Masters in CBT, as well as other qualified clinicians. F2F & Remote therapy.
I'm an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, Counsellor & EMDR Practitioner with over 20yrs experience in mental health. I support Adults and Adolescents (12-17yrs). I have additional training in Supervision & nearly 15 years experience Supervising within the NHS and private practice. I have a special interest in PTSD and trauma. I also specialise in anxiety disorders (ie. PTSD, Panic, Health, GAD, OCD, Social Anxiety and Phobias) depression, stress and low self-esteem. I Supervise Trainees on the level 7 Masters in CBT, as well as other qualified clinicians. F2F & Remote therapy.
01634 968295 View 01634 968295

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Lower Kingswood

< 10

Counsellors in Lower Kingswood who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Domestic Abuse
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Bereavement
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Divorce

Average years in practice

32 Years

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male

How Counsellors in Lower Kingswood see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Lower Kingswood?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.