Counselling in Balham, London

Photo of Davinia Eccleston, Counsellor, MBACP
Davinia Eccleston
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Balham, London SW2
I am is a qualified integrative counsellor and registered member of the BACP. I have previously work as a NHS clinical team leader and also within GP practice as a counsellor. I provides a comfortable safe space for individuals, whereby my client can be heard, they can voice their concerns or problems which they may feel have hindered them due to a past tense experience or personal difficulties. I have the ability to provide my clients with reassurance making them feel comfortable to disclose their private thought feelings or issues.
I am is a qualified integrative counsellor and registered member of the BACP. I have previously work as a NHS clinical team leader and also within GP practice as a counsellor. I provides a comfortable safe space for individuals, whereby my client can be heard, they can voice their concerns or problems which they may feel have hindered them due to a past tense experience or personal difficulties. I have the ability to provide my clients with reassurance making them feel comfortable to disclose their private thought feelings or issues.
020 3870 4423 View 020 3870 4423
Photo of Michele Lamonaca, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Michele Lamonaca
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Balham, London SE18
Welcome, my name is Michele. I'm a registered counsellor and psychotherapist - I help individuals and couples with their emotional health. I have private sector experience as a counsellor and psychotherapist. My focus involves abuse, depression and narcissistic personality disorder, and the specific problems encountered by men, transgender people and women. An initial assessment meeting allows you to see if you feel comfortable with me, discuss what concerns you, ask questions, clarify confidentiality, and determine if therapy could assist you.
Welcome, my name is Michele. I'm a registered counsellor and psychotherapist - I help individuals and couples with their emotional health. I have private sector experience as a counsellor and psychotherapist. My focus involves abuse, depression and narcissistic personality disorder, and the specific problems encountered by men, transgender people and women. An initial assessment meeting allows you to see if you feel comfortable with me, discuss what concerns you, ask questions, clarify confidentiality, and determine if therapy could assist you.
07723 423681 View 07723 423681
Photo of Lucy Kralj, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Lucy Kralj
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Balham, London SW17
I am a UKCP accredited integrative psychotherapist. I have a particular interest in trauma and the mind-body relationship, including the psychological impact of health problems and the physical manifestations of emotional distress. Many of us have times in our lives when things feel broken and painful. In those times we may seek support. I have over fifteen years of experience working with victims of abuse and trauma and also in palliative care. I am a clinical associate at Domestic Violence Training Ltd and a member of Cancer Counselling London. I am also a certified Iyengar yoga teacher and a registered nurse.
I am a UKCP accredited integrative psychotherapist. I have a particular interest in trauma and the mind-body relationship, including the psychological impact of health problems and the physical manifestations of emotional distress. Many of us have times in our lives when things feel broken and painful. In those times we may seek support. I have over fifteen years of experience working with victims of abuse and trauma and also in palliative care. I am a clinical associate at Domestic Violence Training Ltd and a member of Cancer Counselling London. I am also a certified Iyengar yoga teacher and a registered nurse.
020 3962 1314 View 020 3962 1314
Photo of Jacqueline Murungi, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Jacqueline Murungi
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Balham, London SW17
Hello, I'm psychotherapist with over 13 years of extensive training, invaluable skills, knowledge, & experience which has enabled me to work effectively with different ages, races & genders on different concerns. This includes helping you to get to the deep root of what is causing your anxiety, depression, identity issues, guilt, fear, shame, stress, trauma, PTSD, complex PTSD, inter-generational trauma, abuse, low self esteem & understand unhealthy negative beliefs about yourself, others, life and find a way to move beyond the thoughts & feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness to finding meaning, purpose & appropriate solutions.
Hello, I'm psychotherapist with over 13 years of extensive training, invaluable skills, knowledge, & experience which has enabled me to work effectively with different ages, races & genders on different concerns. This includes helping you to get to the deep root of what is causing your anxiety, depression, identity issues, guilt, fear, shame, stress, trauma, PTSD, complex PTSD, inter-generational trauma, abuse, low self esteem & understand unhealthy negative beliefs about yourself, others, life and find a way to move beyond the thoughts & feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness to finding meaning, purpose & appropriate solutions.
020 3002 7268 View 020 3002 7268
Photo of James Crossland, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
James Crossland
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Balham, London E8
Relationships play a central role in our lives, yet many people find themselves repeating patterns that feel hard to shift. You might feel anxious in relationships, worry about where you stand, or find yourself drawn to unavailable partners. Others struggle with boundaries, closeness, or feeling overwhelmed in relationships. In my work at Crossway Therapy, I help clients understand these patterns rather than simply trying to change them, often linking them to attachment, earlier experiences, and the way we relate to others over time.
Relationships play a central role in our lives, yet many people find themselves repeating patterns that feel hard to shift. You might feel anxious in relationships, worry about where you stand, or find yourself drawn to unavailable partners. Others struggle with boundaries, closeness, or feeling overwhelmed in relationships. In my work at Crossway Therapy, I help clients understand these patterns rather than simply trying to change them, often linking them to attachment, earlier experiences, and the way we relate to others over time.
020 3826 8533 View 020 3826 8533
Photo of Rachel Kraftman, Counsellor, MBACP
Rachel Kraftman
Counsellor, MBACP
Balham, London SW4
Holding everything together on the outside can feel exhausting when, inside, things feel overwhelming. You might be struggling with difficult relationships, memories from the past, or a sense of not really knowing who you are. Perhaps anger, shame, or anxiety feel close to the surface, or you’re caught in patterns that you can’t seem to shift. Therapy offers a space where you don’t have to manage it all alone. I am a qualified person-centred therapist and registered member of the BACP. I work with adults in Clapham (SW4) and online, offering a supportive, confidential space to talk openly and at your own pace.
Holding everything together on the outside can feel exhausting when, inside, things feel overwhelming. You might be struggling with difficult relationships, memories from the past, or a sense of not really knowing who you are. Perhaps anger, shame, or anxiety feel close to the surface, or you’re caught in patterns that you can’t seem to shift. Therapy offers a space where you don’t have to manage it all alone. I am a qualified person-centred therapist and registered member of the BACP. I work with adults in Clapham (SW4) and online, offering a supportive, confidential space to talk openly and at your own pace.
020 4634 5318 View 020 4634 5318
Photo of Concetta Perôt, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Concetta Perôt
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Balham, London SW16
I am BACP accredited & have 25 years’ experience of supporting people through life's difficulties, including many years doing so online. I am empathic, knowledgeable and consider it a real privilege to be a therapist. I will provide you a safe space- whatever issues have led you here, we can explore these together to understand them better, clarify what you want to see change & find the next steps to make those changes. I have worked with young people in care, families and with survivors of trauma and abuse so I am able to be alongside people in the messiness and distress of life and provide caring and skilful insight and support.
I am BACP accredited & have 25 years’ experience of supporting people through life's difficulties, including many years doing so online. I am empathic, knowledgeable and consider it a real privilege to be a therapist. I will provide you a safe space- whatever issues have led you here, we can explore these together to understand them better, clarify what you want to see change & find the next steps to make those changes. I have worked with young people in care, families and with survivors of trauma and abuse so I am able to be alongside people in the messiness and distress of life and provide caring and skilful insight and support.
020 8103 6827 View 020 8103 6827
Photo of Liam Watson, Counsellor, MBACP
Liam Watson
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Balham, London SW17
I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative Gestalt Therapist and Integrative Counsellor. I work with clients on a wide variety of issues, such as relationships, sexuality and gender, anxiety, depression, understanding major life events, childhood abuse, intergenerational trauma, family history and self-esteem. I am open to working with whatever you are experiencing - we can discuss this during our initial assessment, which is free of charge.
I am an LGBTQ+ affirmative Gestalt Therapist and Integrative Counsellor. I work with clients on a wide variety of issues, such as relationships, sexuality and gender, anxiety, depression, understanding major life events, childhood abuse, intergenerational trauma, family history and self-esteem. I am open to working with whatever you are experiencing - we can discuss this during our initial assessment, which is free of charge.
020 4572 1489 View 020 4572 1489
Photo of Momoko Tsuchida, Counsellor, MBACP
Momoko Tsuchida
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Balham, London SW17
Hello and welcome. As you are here, I believe you have already embarked on your journey in exploring what your needs are at this stage of your life and whether I can be of help as an integrative counsellor. I believe in the ability and inner strength of your unique self to fulfil your meaningful life and welcome clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures to a calm and empathetic space enabling you to deepen the understanding of you. Your therapy provides a confidential space for you to be heard and explore any difficulties that you may be experiencing without being judged. This may be how you relate to yourself and others.
Hello and welcome. As you are here, I believe you have already embarked on your journey in exploring what your needs are at this stage of your life and whether I can be of help as an integrative counsellor. I believe in the ability and inner strength of your unique self to fulfil your meaningful life and welcome clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures to a calm and empathetic space enabling you to deepen the understanding of you. Your therapy provides a confidential space for you to be heard and explore any difficulties that you may be experiencing without being judged. This may be how you relate to yourself and others.
020 4538 9397 View 020 4538 9397
Photo of Philip Norbury, Counsellor, MUKCP
Philip Norbury
Counsellor, MUKCP
Balham, London SW2
I work well with clients who have already begun their journey of self-discovery and healing, who are curious about themselves and are open to trying new things. Perhaps you have already experienced psychotherapy and you did not get from it quite what you hoped. My clients often report difficulties in their relationships, self-limiting beliefs, anxiety, depression, bereavement or unacknowledged and unresolved childhood trauma. I am interested in spirituality, sexuality, polyamory, parts work, generational trauma, dysfunctional family life, the nervous system, self-harm, developmental and event trauma, relational and somatic work.
I work well with clients who have already begun their journey of self-discovery and healing, who are curious about themselves and are open to trying new things. Perhaps you have already experienced psychotherapy and you did not get from it quite what you hoped. My clients often report difficulties in their relationships, self-limiting beliefs, anxiety, depression, bereavement or unacknowledged and unresolved childhood trauma. I am interested in spirituality, sexuality, polyamory, parts work, generational trauma, dysfunctional family life, the nervous system, self-harm, developmental and event trauma, relational and somatic work.
01227 947215 View 01227 947215
Photo of Ros Moseley, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Ros Moseley
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Balham, London SW4
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stressful circumstances, or feeling anxious, confused and perhaps, struggling to fully understand why you feel the way you do? Sometimes, it can be hard to talk to and feel understood, even by those who are closest to you, leaving you feeling isolated and alone. You may be finding it difficult to believe that you can feel differently and move forward with your life. I am a warm, open and empathic person who will respect and value your individuality. I offer a confidential space for you to share your thoughts, feelings and experiences freely, at your own pace and without judgement or expectation.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stressful circumstances, or feeling anxious, confused and perhaps, struggling to fully understand why you feel the way you do? Sometimes, it can be hard to talk to and feel understood, even by those who are closest to you, leaving you feeling isolated and alone. You may be finding it difficult to believe that you can feel differently and move forward with your life. I am a warm, open and empathic person who will respect and value your individuality. I offer a confidential space for you to share your thoughts, feelings and experiences freely, at your own pace and without judgement or expectation.
01260 545162 View 01260 545162
Photo of Angelika Bednarek, Counsellor, MBACP
Angelika Bednarek
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Balham, London SW2
A warm welcome. It can be difficult to navigate life's challenges on your own. Having a confidential space to talk can be the first step towards creating positive, lasting change. I am a fully qualified counsellor and therapist working with adults online and in person in Streatham Hill and Battersea. I also offer walk-and-talk therapy in the natural surroundings of Tooting Bec Common. I provide both open-ended (long-term) and time-limited therapy (6-12 sessions). In our work together, we will create a reflective space where you can explore what troubles you - a space in which all your thoughts, feelings, and experiences are welcome.
A warm welcome. It can be difficult to navigate life's challenges on your own. Having a confidential space to talk can be the first step towards creating positive, lasting change. I am a fully qualified counsellor and therapist working with adults online and in person in Streatham Hill and Battersea. I also offer walk-and-talk therapy in the natural surroundings of Tooting Bec Common. I provide both open-ended (long-term) and time-limited therapy (6-12 sessions). In our work together, we will create a reflective space where you can explore what troubles you - a space in which all your thoughts, feelings, and experiences are welcome.
020 4538 2889 View 020 4538 2889
Photo of Natalie Bodart - The Bodart Practice, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
The Bodart Practice
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Balham, London SW12
At The Bodart Practice we know that life can be fast-paced, stressful and overwhelming, leaving you without much time or energy for focusing on building the life you had imagined for yourself. As psychologists and holistic therapists, we recognised that the keys to creating fulfilment required helping people connect with all aspects of their life, not only their mental health. We believe that every person deserves to find the clarity and direction they need to understand their past, live more fully in the present, and take steps to build the future they want.
At The Bodart Practice we know that life can be fast-paced, stressful and overwhelming, leaving you without much time or energy for focusing on building the life you had imagined for yourself. As psychologists and holistic therapists, we recognised that the keys to creating fulfilment required helping people connect with all aspects of their life, not only their mental health. We believe that every person deserves to find the clarity and direction they need to understand their past, live more fully in the present, and take steps to build the future they want.
020 4538 8273 View 020 4538 8273
Photo of Rebecca Greene, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Rebecca Greene
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Balham, London SW17
Hello! As a BACP registered child and adolescent therapist, I follow an integrative, holistic, and child-centred approach to help children, adolescents and families overcome various difficulties and challenges. I have over 10 years of experience working with children in different settings, such as primary and secondary schools. My empathic and non-judgmental approach enables me to build trusting and respectful relationships with children and families. My goal is to empower young people and families to develop their resilience and wellbeing.
Hello! As a BACP registered child and adolescent therapist, I follow an integrative, holistic, and child-centred approach to help children, adolescents and families overcome various difficulties and challenges. I have over 10 years of experience working with children in different settings, such as primary and secondary schools. My empathic and non-judgmental approach enables me to build trusting and respectful relationships with children and families. My goal is to empower young people and families to develop their resilience and wellbeing.
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Photo of Deborah Binner - Deborah McKay Psychotherapist MBACP, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Deborah McKay Psychotherapist MBACP
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Balham, London SW4
Something feels stuck? Maybe it's a relationship hitting the same wall, a pattern you can't shift, or a low mood or anxiety without an obvious source. You understand it, up to a point. But understanding hasn't moved it. I offer a warm non judgemental space where that can change - through honest, unhurried conversation. I work psychodynamically, paying close attention to what is said and unsaid, and to what unfolds in the room between us. I trained at the world renowned Tavistock Relationships, where I am a visiting clinician. I work in-person in Clapham and online across the UK.
Something feels stuck? Maybe it's a relationship hitting the same wall, a pattern you can't shift, or a low mood or anxiety without an obvious source. You understand it, up to a point. But understanding hasn't moved it. I offer a warm non judgemental space where that can change - through honest, unhurried conversation. I work psychodynamically, paying close attention to what is said and unsaid, and to what unfolds in the room between us. I trained at the world renowned Tavistock Relationships, where I am a visiting clinician. I work in-person in Clapham and online across the UK.
020 4634 2684 View 020 4634 2684
Photo of Jeremy Clark - Albany Trust, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Albany Trust
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Balham, London SW17
We offer therapy to anyone facing issues with relationship, sexuality, and gender identity but are not limited to these focus areas. We have a long history of working with the LGBTQIA+ group and many of our team are in this group.
We offer therapy to anyone facing issues with relationship, sexuality, and gender identity but are not limited to these focus areas. We have a long history of working with the LGBTQIA+ group and many of our team are in this group.
020 3974 2743 View 020 3974 2743
Photo of Samantha Campbell, Counsellor, MBACP
Samantha Campbell
Counsellor, MBACP
Balham, London SW16
Life has a tendency to throw major challenges at us without warning. You may find yourself dealing with a specific life changing circumstance such as a bereavement, traumatic experience, relationship difficulties or redundancy to name a few. Sometimes being able to pin point feelings can be a little difficult. You may be experiencing feelings of being in a rut and are anxious, depressed or just unsure of how you currently feel about your life or a certain situation.
Life has a tendency to throw major challenges at us without warning. You may find yourself dealing with a specific life changing circumstance such as a bereavement, traumatic experience, relationship difficulties or redundancy to name a few. Sometimes being able to pin point feelings can be a little difficult. You may be experiencing feelings of being in a rut and are anxious, depressed or just unsure of how you currently feel about your life or a certain situation.
020 3962 0638 View 020 3962 0638
Photo of Aimee Cliff, Counsellor, MBACP
Aimee Cliff
Counsellor, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Balham, London SW4
Hi there, I'm Aimee. I'm a BACP-registered integrative psychotherapist based in south London. My work is all about building collaborative relationships with my clients, walking beside them as they navigate life's questions and obstacles.
Hi there, I'm Aimee. I'm a BACP-registered integrative psychotherapist based in south London. My work is all about building collaborative relationships with my clients, walking beside them as they navigate life's questions and obstacles.
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Photo of Shediyah Hatnebmaoo, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Shediyah Hatnebmaoo
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Balham, London SW16
Counselling can help you to explore and work through emotional difficulties you may be experiencing that could be affecting your thoughts and behaviours. It is a space for you to share things that you may be finding difficult to talk to your friends and family about. These difficulties may be from your past that are now causing problems in your present or from a more recent trauma you have experienced in your life such as a relationship break-up, loss of someone close to you or difficulties with getting to sleep or sleep not feeling like sleep anymore, but feeling more like an escape.
Counselling can help you to explore and work through emotional difficulties you may be experiencing that could be affecting your thoughts and behaviours. It is a space for you to share things that you may be finding difficult to talk to your friends and family about. These difficulties may be from your past that are now causing problems in your present or from a more recent trauma you have experienced in your life such as a relationship break-up, loss of someone close to you or difficulties with getting to sleep or sleep not feeling like sleep anymore, but feeling more like an escape.
020 8106 2421 View 020 8106 2421
Photo of Rachel Blackman - SAGE Therapy
SAGE Therapy
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Balham, London SW17
Hello, I’m Rachel, owner of SAGE Therapy! Are you looking for a safe space where you can bring your WHOLE self, openly, without judgment or shame? Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected in yourself or your relationships? Wondering why patterns keep repeating? There's no doubt that life and relationships can feel complex and heavy at times. I offer a space for individuals and couples to be heard, supported, and gently challenged, helping you make sense of things and create meaningful change.
Hello, I’m Rachel, owner of SAGE Therapy! Are you looking for a safe space where you can bring your WHOLE self, openly, without judgment or shame? Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected in yourself or your relationships? Wondering why patterns keep repeating? There's no doubt that life and relationships can feel complex and heavy at times. I offer a space for individuals and couples to be heard, supported, and gently challenged, helping you make sense of things and create meaningful change.
020 4538 2772 View 020 4538 2772

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Balham, London

400+

Average cost per session

£77

Counsellors in Balham, London who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Self Esteem
88% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
83% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aviva
70% AXA PPP
63% Vitality

How Counsellors in Balham, London see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Balham?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.