Internal Family Systems (IFS) Counselling in Liverpool

Photo of Dana Elena Baboe, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Dana Elena Baboe
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Living with anxiety often means trying to make sense of it: why it’s there, why it won’t go away. What’s harder is knowing how to stop organising your life around it. I work primarily with people who experience anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, and OCD, and habit change especially when fear has started to limit everyday life, but I am qualified to work with a wide range of emotional, psychological, and behavioural difficulties. My work focuses on helping you understand what’s happening beneath the surface and bring back safety within yourself.
Living with anxiety often means trying to make sense of it: why it’s there, why it won’t go away. What’s harder is knowing how to stop organising your life around it. I work primarily with people who experience anxiety, panic attacks, phobias, and OCD, and habit change especially when fear has started to limit everyday life, but I am qualified to work with a wide range of emotional, psychological, and behavioural difficulties. My work focuses on helping you understand what’s happening beneath the surface and bring back safety within yourself.
07405 540725 View 07405 540725
Photo of Fiona Mackenzie, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Fiona Mackenzie
Psychotherapist, MBACP
I am an experienced Integrative Psychotherapist, Supervisor, Counsellor and Accredited Therapeutic Coach working with adults (18+) on a wide range of issues . I offer in-person and online appointments in Sefton Park, Liverpool and Formby. For all of us there are times in our lives when we feel confused, distressed or unable to cope. Talking therapies give you a gentle space to better understand yourself, explore what's been getting in the way, and open up the possibility of making changes. Together, we can look at old patterns and start finding new, more helpful ways to handle whatever you're facing.
I am an experienced Integrative Psychotherapist, Supervisor, Counsellor and Accredited Therapeutic Coach working with adults (18+) on a wide range of issues . I offer in-person and online appointments in Sefton Park, Liverpool and Formby. For all of us there are times in our lives when we feel confused, distressed or unable to cope. Talking therapies give you a gentle space to better understand yourself, explore what's been getting in the way, and open up the possibility of making changes. Together, we can look at old patterns and start finding new, more helpful ways to handle whatever you're facing.
01923 961288 View 01923 961288
Photo of Fiona Denise Wilkie, Counsellor
Fiona Denise Wilkie
Counsellor
3 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
My name is Fiona, I'm a psychotherapist who draws from a range of models including: trauma informed therapy, Internal Family Systems ( IFS), acceptance and commitment (ACT), EMDR and hypnotherapy.
As an integrative therapist I am able to adapt to the needs of each client and design a therapy plan that best suits them. For some clients they prefer intensive short term therapy and for others the journey is more gradual. I use talking therapies, hypnotherapy and various trauma techniques proven to help people recover mentally.
My name is Fiona, I'm a psychotherapist who draws from a range of models including: trauma informed therapy, Internal Family Systems ( IFS), acceptance and commitment (ACT), EMDR and hypnotherapy.
As an integrative therapist I am able to adapt to the needs of each client and design a therapy plan that best suits them. For some clients they prefer intensive short term therapy and for others the journey is more gradual. I use talking therapies, hypnotherapy and various trauma techniques proven to help people recover mentally.
0151 459 4711 View 0151 459 4711
Photo of Helene Santamera, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych
Helene Santamera
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych
I draw on an integrative approach, combining Transpersonal, Person-Centred, and Family Systems Therapy alongside other modalities.
My practice, is guided by empathy, understanding, and the belief that meaningful change comes from a safe, nurturing space where clients can grow at their own pace.
I draw on an integrative approach, combining Transpersonal, Person-Centred, and Family Systems Therapy alongside other modalities.
My practice, is guided by empathy, understanding, and the belief that meaningful change comes from a safe, nurturing space where clients can grow at their own pace.
01777 801645 View 01777 801645
Photo of Elizabeth Turp - Elizabeth Turp Counselling & Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Snr. Accred
Elizabeth Turp Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Snr. Accred
Are you looking for a warm yet professional highly experienced therapist who can adapt therapy to your individual needs? Are you feeling anxious; experiencing low mood; having problems sleeping; have not felt 'right' for some time, but are unsure why? Are you experiencing overwhelming stress, a new chronic illness diagnosis or memories from the past that are becoming harder to deal with? Maybe you are in midlife and feel unfulfilled? I have been helping people recover from anxiety and depression since 1998 by addressing the root causes of problems so you can move forward to live more fully. Get in touch to see if can work together.
Are you looking for a warm yet professional highly experienced therapist who can adapt therapy to your individual needs? Are you feeling anxious; experiencing low mood; having problems sleeping; have not felt 'right' for some time, but are unsure why? Are you experiencing overwhelming stress, a new chronic illness diagnosis or memories from the past that are becoming harder to deal with? Maybe you are in midlife and feel unfulfilled? I have been helping people recover from anxiety and depression since 1998 by addressing the root causes of problems so you can move forward to live more fully. Get in touch to see if can work together.
01777 802578 View 01777 802578
Photo of Nina Watson - Nina Watson: IFS, EMDR, Trauma and Somatic Therapy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Nina Watson: IFS, EMDR, Trauma and Somatic Therapy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
In addition to my basic training as a psychotherapist, I further trained in IFS, Inner Relationship Focusing (IRF), Compassion-focused Therapy (CFT), EMDR, Brainspotting, Trauma/ Tension Release Exercises (TRE) and embodied meditation as well as mindfulness.
I work as an integrative psychotherapist and clinical supervisor in the centre of Liverpool and worldwide online. Previous roles included working for the NHS as a psychotherapist (four years) and running a private counselling and psychotherapist service of which I was the founder and also lead psychotherapist (ten years). I provide a warm, non-judgemental, safe and professional space. As I am not part of a service like the NHS, I can guarantee absolute confidentiality.
In addition to my basic training as a psychotherapist, I further trained in IFS, Inner Relationship Focusing (IRF), Compassion-focused Therapy (CFT), EMDR, Brainspotting, Trauma/ Tension Release Exercises (TRE) and embodied meditation as well as mindfulness.
I work as an integrative psychotherapist and clinical supervisor in the centre of Liverpool and worldwide online. Previous roles included working for the NHS as a psychotherapist (four years) and running a private counselling and psychotherapist service of which I was the founder and also lead psychotherapist (ten years). I provide a warm, non-judgemental, safe and professional space. As I am not part of a service like the NHS, I can guarantee absolute confidentiality.
07842 902511 View 07842 902511
Photo of Paul Nairn - Breakthrough Counselling - CBT, EMDR, IFS, IPT, PC, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Breakthrough Counselling - CBT, EMDR, IFS, IPT, PC
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Online Only
Additionally interweaving CBT to help challenge and change thought patterns/behaviors; EMDR, Brainspotting, EFT (and IFS informed elements) to process trauma - addressing problems, worries, trauma and relationships on many level
I am Paul offering support for Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, and Relationships. Overwhelmed, stuck, or weighed down by experiences? I specialize in helping individuals navigate trauma, anxiety, and depression, providing a safe and supportive space for healing. Also offering couples therapy, to strengthen connection, improve communication, and work through challenges. I provide clinical supervision, supporting therapists in their growth and development. My approach is compassionate, evidence-based, and tailored to you. You were not meant to do this alone. I have over 25 years experience in supporting people.
Additionally interweaving CBT to help challenge and change thought patterns/behaviors; EMDR, Brainspotting, EFT (and IFS informed elements) to process trauma - addressing problems, worries, trauma and relationships on many level
I am Paul offering support for Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, and Relationships. Overwhelmed, stuck, or weighed down by experiences? I specialize in helping individuals navigate trauma, anxiety, and depression, providing a safe and supportive space for healing. Also offering couples therapy, to strengthen connection, improve communication, and work through challenges. I provide clinical supervision, supporting therapists in their growth and development. My approach is compassionate, evidence-based, and tailored to you. You were not meant to do this alone. I have over 25 years experience in supporting people.
07769 059606 View 07769 059606
Photo of George Maxwell, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
George Maxwell
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
I offer evidence-based CBT, EMDR and Coaching Psychology to support clients across the full range of the wellbeing spectrum. As an accredited CBT Therapist, I will help you to overcome your anxiety and depression problems using active, effective treatments that will change your life. I specialise in OCD (and its many subtypes), PTSD and Social Anxiety. As a Coaching Psychologist, I can teach you how to flourish, achieve your life goals, and live a life full of meaning and value. I work with clients internationally via Zoom and offer in-person therapy at my office in Rodney Street in Liverpool.
I offer evidence-based CBT, EMDR and Coaching Psychology to support clients across the full range of the wellbeing spectrum. As an accredited CBT Therapist, I will help you to overcome your anxiety and depression problems using active, effective treatments that will change your life. I specialise in OCD (and its many subtypes), PTSD and Social Anxiety. As a Coaching Psychologist, I can teach you how to flourish, achieve your life goals, and live a life full of meaning and value. I work with clients internationally via Zoom and offer in-person therapy at my office in Rodney Street in Liverpool.
0151 318 0866 View 0151 318 0866
Photo of Beth Louise Fallon - Take Flight Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Take Flight Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
What makes Take Flight Therapy different? • Afternoon, evening and weekend appointments are available through a convenient, straightforward online booking system - from 3pm to midnight, tailored to your schedule, not the other way around. • I offer online video call therapy, on your terms - all sessions are held online for maximum comfort, privacy, and ease - therapy that fits seamlessly into your life. • I am fully insured, a registered member (MBACP) of the BACP, and hold a degree in Psychotherapy from Edge Hill University.
What makes Take Flight Therapy different? • Afternoon, evening and weekend appointments are available through a convenient, straightforward online booking system - from 3pm to midnight, tailored to your schedule, not the other way around. • I offer online video call therapy, on your terms - all sessions are held online for maximum comfort, privacy, and ease - therapy that fits seamlessly into your life. • I am fully insured, a registered member (MBACP) of the BACP, and hold a degree in Psychotherapy from Edge Hill University.
View
Photo of Simon Lewis, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Simon Lewis
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I tend to use a carefully crafted mix of the following approaches: EMDR, CBT, CFT, CAT, DBT, Systemic Theory, Internal Family Systems and Psychodynamic concepts.
I am passionate about trauma informed practice: making every effort to understand the impact of people’s lived experiences on their daily lives. My approach is based on psychological formulation, to make sense of what a person is experiencing, and then using a range of integrated approaches to help people to make changes. I care about empowering individuals to live the lives they want to live, and take a very human and empathic approach to working with people's distress.
I tend to use a carefully crafted mix of the following approaches: EMDR, CBT, CFT, CAT, DBT, Systemic Theory, Internal Family Systems and Psychodynamic concepts.
I am passionate about trauma informed practice: making every effort to understand the impact of people’s lived experiences on their daily lives. My approach is based on psychological formulation, to make sense of what a person is experiencing, and then using a range of integrated approaches to help people to make changes. I care about empowering individuals to live the lives they want to live, and take a very human and empathic approach to working with people's distress.
View
Photo of Chris Rudyard - Chris Rudyard DBR Somatic EMDR Trauma Therapy IFS, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Chris Rudyard DBR Somatic EMDR Trauma Therapy IFS
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
5 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
IFS Institute Lv123 Trained with Dr.
20+ years experience, and extensive training. Active therapies, not just talking. I regularly help people with: Anxiety, Neurodiversity, Difficult Relationships (past & present), Chronic Pains, Trauma (Cptsd & Ptsd) and it's effects inc forms of dissociation inc DID. I am trained in a range of therapies to help people to process to recover, to start feeling better. My work is non-shaming, and deeply collaborative. I take an organic approach, and use therapies that create space and flow to heal. If you're unsure, that's ok, we'll work it out as we go. Visit my website for more in-depth information.
IFS Institute Lv123 Trained with Dr.
20+ years experience, and extensive training. Active therapies, not just talking. I regularly help people with: Anxiety, Neurodiversity, Difficult Relationships (past & present), Chronic Pains, Trauma (Cptsd & Ptsd) and it's effects inc forms of dissociation inc DID. I am trained in a range of therapies to help people to process to recover, to start feeling better. My work is non-shaming, and deeply collaborative. I take an organic approach, and use therapies that create space and flow to heal. If you're unsure, that's ok, we'll work it out as we go. Visit my website for more in-depth information.
View
Photo of Yaela Orelowitz, MA
Yaela Orelowitz
Verified Verified
I am trained as an Expressive Arts Therapist and have done further training in IFS, psycho-drama, Narrative Therapy and Yoga Therapy.
Navigating life is a challenging task at the best of times and there are times when life may feel like anything BUT the best. Hi, my name is Yaela, and I work with clients on finding their inner strength and wisdom in order to navigate through life and its challenges. Aloneness brings suffering and shame but in finding the language to make sense of your experience and sharing what you are going through with a professional, your struggles can be transformed and can create new depths in your life. As a therapist I am trained to listen deeply and ask questions that may encourage you to think differently about parts of yourself.
I am trained as an Expressive Arts Therapist and have done further training in IFS, psycho-drama, Narrative Therapy and Yoga Therapy.
Navigating life is a challenging task at the best of times and there are times when life may feel like anything BUT the best. Hi, my name is Yaela, and I work with clients on finding their inner strength and wisdom in order to navigate through life and its challenges. Aloneness brings suffering and shame but in finding the language to make sense of your experience and sharing what you are going through with a professional, your struggles can be transformed and can create new depths in your life. As a therapist I am trained to listen deeply and ask questions that may encourage you to think differently about parts of yourself.
020 4634 0124 View 020 4634 0124
Photo of Nawal Mohamud, Counsellor, PsychD, MBACP
Nawal Mohamud
Counsellor, PsychD, MBACP
Online Only
You may be the one everyone turns to — dependable, thoughtful, and strong — yet inside, you feel stretched thin or unsure of where you fit. Maybe you’re navigating a life transition, cultural or family expectations, or a relationship that’s left you questioning who you are. You want to feel more grounded and connected, to understand what’s happening beneath the surface. Beneath all the noise, there’s a quiet part of you longing for space to breathe, reflect, and find your way back to yourself.
You may be the one everyone turns to — dependable, thoughtful, and strong — yet inside, you feel stretched thin or unsure of where you fit. Maybe you’re navigating a life transition, cultural or family expectations, or a relationship that’s left you questioning who you are. You want to feel more grounded and connected, to understand what’s happening beneath the surface. Beneath all the noise, there’s a quiet part of you longing for space to breathe, reflect, and find your way back to yourself.
020 3817 6873 View 020 3817 6873
Photo of Amanda Alexander, Psychotherapist, MSc
Amanda Alexander
Psychotherapist, MSc
Serves Area
I work in an integrative, IFS-informed way to help you understand inner conflict, reduce anxiety, and ease overthinking, depression, and low self-esteem.
You might look like you’re doing fine on the outside, keeping everything together and showing up for everyone else, but inside it doesn’t feel that way. You can see the logic of what would help, but following through feels impossible. One part of you wants change and another part holds you back. You’re tired of the push and pull, the overthinking, the self-criticism, and the constant pressure to “just get on with it.” My approach focuses on helping you understand that inner conflict and build a kinder, steadier relationship with yourself.
I work in an integrative, IFS-informed way to help you understand inner conflict, reduce anxiety, and ease overthinking, depression, and low self-esteem.
You might look like you’re doing fine on the outside, keeping everything together and showing up for everyone else, but inside it doesn’t feel that way. You can see the logic of what would help, but following through feels impossible. One part of you wants change and another part holds you back. You’re tired of the push and pull, the overthinking, the self-criticism, and the constant pressure to “just get on with it.” My approach focuses on helping you understand that inner conflict and build a kinder, steadier relationship with yourself.
0141 673 2048 View 0141 673 2048
Photo of Dr Katrina Lake, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Katrina Lake
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I offer both brief and longer term therapy, drawing on my specialist training and extensive experience in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including EMDR, CBT, and IFS.
I bring a warm, approachable style to my work, fostering an open and active way of working. I have extensive expertise gained from my roles as a senior Psychologist within the NHS and private sector, over the last 25 years. Most people I work with have between 8 to 12 sessions, with some people needing less sessions, and others requiring a longer approach.
I offer both brief and longer term therapy, drawing on my specialist training and extensive experience in a variety of therapeutic approaches, including EMDR, CBT, and IFS.
I bring a warm, approachable style to my work, fostering an open and active way of working. I have extensive expertise gained from my roles as a senior Psychologist within the NHS and private sector, over the last 25 years. Most people I work with have between 8 to 12 sessions, with some people needing less sessions, and others requiring a longer approach.
01273 092800 View 01273 092800
Photo of Jennifer Eirlys Williams, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Jennifer Eirlys Williams
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, stress or unwanted behaviours or feelings during these challenging times? Perhaps you feel stuck, overwhelmed and don't know how to move forward? Do you feel like you're existing rather than living? Maybe deep down you know you'd benefit from some support and help to move beyond your current struggle, but feel fearful about reaching out for help? Are you looking for an approachable, empathetic and experienced therapist who will understand YOUR individual difficulties, needs and circumstances and support you to move forward in way that is meaningful to you?
Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, stress or unwanted behaviours or feelings during these challenging times? Perhaps you feel stuck, overwhelmed and don't know how to move forward? Do you feel like you're existing rather than living? Maybe deep down you know you'd benefit from some support and help to move beyond your current struggle, but feel fearful about reaching out for help? Are you looking for an approachable, empathetic and experienced therapist who will understand YOUR individual difficulties, needs and circumstances and support you to move forward in way that is meaningful to you?
01695 668037 View 01695 668037
Photo of Mirabela Osadci, MA
Mirabela Osadci
Verified Verified
Online Only
Practicing Internal Family Systems Therapy ( IFS) and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).
IFS therapy looks at our inner world as a family system of sub-personalities which all have their own needs and wants, it helps us talk to them, solve inner conflicts, remove blocks and limiting beliefs, heal trauma so that our internal system becomes balanced and functions smoothly.
Practicing Internal Family Systems Therapy ( IFS) and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).
IFS therapy looks at our inner world as a family system of sub-personalities which all have their own needs and wants, it helps us talk to them, solve inner conflicts, remove blocks and limiting beliefs, heal trauma so that our internal system becomes balanced and functions smoothly.
View
Photo of Sho Sho O - Polaris Counselling, MA
Polaris Counselling
Verified Verified
Online Only
I specialize in helping clients heal from traumatic or distressing experiences, primarily by utilizing Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Internal Family Systems ( IFS) and Somatic Experiencing (SE).
Originally from Hong Kong, I am a registered counsellor, EMDR Certified Therapist and an Approved Clinical Supervisor (ACS) candidate based in Vancouver, Canada. I provide therapy in English, Cantonese and Mandarin. My personal experiences have led me to explore the complex impacts of trauma, including its connection to anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms. I’ve dedicated myself to studying how the brain, body and nervous system respond to trauma, and how it can lead to changes that affect physical health, behaviour, social patterns and our ability to cope with stress.
I specialize in helping clients heal from traumatic or distressing experiences, primarily by utilizing Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR), Internal Family Systems ( IFS) and Somatic Experiencing (SE).
Originally from Hong Kong, I am a registered counsellor, EMDR Certified Therapist and an Approved Clinical Supervisor (ACS) candidate based in Vancouver, Canada. I provide therapy in English, Cantonese and Mandarin. My personal experiences have led me to explore the complex impacts of trauma, including its connection to anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms. I’ve dedicated myself to studying how the brain, body and nervous system respond to trauma, and how it can lead to changes that affect physical health, behaviour, social patterns and our ability to cope with stress.
View
Photo of Maliheh Taheri, Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Maliheh Taheri
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I have a deep appreciation and passion for working with adults and children who have experienced trauma. I have a diverse range of skills and experience, such as cross-cultural psychology, immigration, self-esteem and neurodiversity, e.g., autism and ADHD. I walk with my clients through the darkness of their experience, holding the space with compassion, helping them understand their experiences better, make sense of them, accept their whole existence, and fully love and embrace themselves. I believe healing is a process in which both the therapist and the clients contribute and grow together.
I have a deep appreciation and passion for working with adults and children who have experienced trauma. I have a diverse range of skills and experience, such as cross-cultural psychology, immigration, self-esteem and neurodiversity, e.g., autism and ADHD. I walk with my clients through the darkness of their experience, holding the space with compassion, helping them understand their experiences better, make sense of them, accept their whole existence, and fully love and embrace themselves. I believe healing is a process in which both the therapist and the clients contribute and grow together.
01543 399672 View 01543 399672
Photo of Celina Flores-Tavarez - Celina Flores , Psychotherapist, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Celina Flores
Psychotherapist, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist and I take a biopsychosocial approach to therapy. I offer mental health and well-being support, with a contemporary and creative focus, to help people to understand and work through the psychological and emotional challenges they may be faced with. In turn, I hope to help people feel more empowered when taking care of their mental health. I have a wide range of clinical experience working with children, young people, and adults and will work with clients to create a safe, confidential, and non-judgmental space in which to feel, explore and express emotions. I look forward to working with you!
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist and I take a biopsychosocial approach to therapy. I offer mental health and well-being support, with a contemporary and creative focus, to help people to understand and work through the psychological and emotional challenges they may be faced with. In turn, I hope to help people feel more empowered when taking care of their mental health. I have a wide range of clinical experience working with children, young people, and adults and will work with clients to create a safe, confidential, and non-judgmental space in which to feel, explore and express emotions. I look forward to working with you!
020 3987 1749 View 020 3987 1749

See more therapy options for Liverpool

Internal Family Systems (IFS) Counsellors

What is Internal Family Systems therapy?

Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a type of talk therapy that focuses on sub-personalities, or “families,” within a person, which may be made up of wounded parts and unpleasant emotions like anger and shame. These sub-personalities can come into conflict with each other and with an individual’s core Self, leaving the person feeling detached from positive traits such as the “8 C’s” of confidence, calmness, creativity, clarity, curiosity, courage, compassion, and connectedness. By healing a patient’s wounded parts, a therapist aims to restore balance and bring on positive change.

How does Internal Family Systems therapy work?

An IFS therapist will work with a patient to identify their particular sub-personalities, recognize the emotions powering them, and release them. By doing so, the patient should become more able to address any underlying problems their sub-personalities may have been trying to protect them from. Ultimately, a patient discovers ways to manage internal and external conflicts on their own, through techniques such as relaxation exercises, journaling, and making charts depicting the relationships between their core Self and their distinct parts.

Does Internal Family Systems therapy work?

IFS therapy has been shown to help people address conditions such as depression, anxiety, panic, fears and phobias, trauma, and substance use disorders. Some research has also found that it can help individuals deal with symptoms of physical health conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, such as pain, everyday functioning, depressive feelings, and low self-compassion. There are some conditions for which IFS treatment, specifically discussions of one’s “parts,” may be less appropriate, such as schizophrenia or other states that involve psychosis or paranoia.

How long does Internal Family Systems therapy take?

As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for IFS therapy. After becoming comfortable with a therapist and the core concepts of IFS, some patients quickly make progress. While experiences vary, most will find that it is a relatively longer-term therapy, involving months and sometimes years of sessions.