Counselling in Leigh-on-Sea

Photo of Laura Ball, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Laura Ball
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Would you like to better understand yourself, your relationships and the patterns that shape your life? You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, negative, or dealing with the impact of trauma? When it's difficult to put feelings into words, art therapy offers alternative, non-verbal means to communicate and explore your thoughts and feelings in a safe and supportive environment. You don't have to be 'good' at art, or have any experience in art-making. I will provide materials and some prompts to guide you, but together we will find the support you need and methods that work for you.
Would you like to better understand yourself, your relationships and the patterns that shape your life? You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, negative, or dealing with the impact of trauma? When it's difficult to put feelings into words, art therapy offers alternative, non-verbal means to communicate and explore your thoughts and feelings in a safe and supportive environment. You don't have to be 'good' at art, or have any experience in art-making. I will provide materials and some prompts to guide you, but together we will find the support you need and methods that work for you.
01702 655503 View 01702 655503
Photo of Yvette White, Counsellor, BACP
Yvette White
Counsellor, BACP
2 Endorsed
5 Star Google reviews and over 5000+ client hours... Individual therapy £60 Couples £80 per hour after initial starting session. Solution Focused Couples programme £595. Anxiety, Depression and Stress Management specialist. Marriage /Relationship counsellor..  Are you struggling with Anxiety, Abuse, Bereavement, or relationship issues, then I can help! I also deal with Low self-esteem, Death Anxiety, Abuse, ADHD, Divorce, Depression, Career path, Cancer support, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Pain management, Panic Disorder, PTSD, Rape crisis, Relationship issues, Self harm, Trauma and Low self esteem.
5 Star Google reviews and over 5000+ client hours... Individual therapy £60 Couples £80 per hour after initial starting session. Solution Focused Couples programme £595. Anxiety, Depression and Stress Management specialist. Marriage /Relationship counsellor..  Are you struggling with Anxiety, Abuse, Bereavement, or relationship issues, then I can help! I also deal with Low self-esteem, Death Anxiety, Abuse, ADHD, Divorce, Depression, Career path, Cancer support, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Pain management, Panic Disorder, PTSD, Rape crisis, Relationship issues, Self harm, Trauma and Low self esteem.
01702 967863 View 01702 967863
Photo of Laura Buckingham, Counsellor, MBACP
Laura Buckingham
Counsellor, MBACP
Welcome, My name is Laura, I am a fully qualified Integrative Therapeutic Counsellor offering both long and short-term therapy. We are all presented with many different challenges in all aspects of our daily lives, including work, health, relationships and with our own well-being. Reaching out for help can often feel overwhelming, however, the rewards in taking that difficult first step can be life-changing. I have experience and successfully worked with those suffering with depression, anxiety, loneliness, loss & grief domestic abuse, suicidal thoughts and chronic illness amongst various other issues.
Welcome, My name is Laura, I am a fully qualified Integrative Therapeutic Counsellor offering both long and short-term therapy. We are all presented with many different challenges in all aspects of our daily lives, including work, health, relationships and with our own well-being. Reaching out for help can often feel overwhelming, however, the rewards in taking that difficult first step can be life-changing. I have experience and successfully worked with those suffering with depression, anxiety, loneliness, loss & grief domestic abuse, suicidal thoughts and chronic illness amongst various other issues.
01268 437439 View 01268 437439
Photo of Alice Stanley, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Alice Stanley
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
You may be feeling overwhelmed, burned out, or stuck in patterns that no longer work for you. Perhaps anxiety, stress, ADHD, neurodivergence, or past experiences are making life feel heavier than it should. You might want clarity, calm, and practical ways to cope without having to mask or push yourself harder. I offer a supportive, down-to-earth space where we can explore what’s going on and find approaches that fit you, at a pace that feels manageable. Your first session is half price, giving you the chance to explore support without pressure. Meaningful change can begin with one safe conversation.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, burned out, or stuck in patterns that no longer work for you. Perhaps anxiety, stress, ADHD, neurodivergence, or past experiences are making life feel heavier than it should. You might want clarity, calm, and practical ways to cope without having to mask or push yourself harder. I offer a supportive, down-to-earth space where we can explore what’s going on and find approaches that fit you, at a pace that feels manageable. Your first session is half price, giving you the chance to explore support without pressure. Meaningful change can begin with one safe conversation.
01702 967186 View 01702 967186
Photo of Valerie Thompson, Counsellor, MA, BACP
Valerie Thompson
Counsellor, MA, BACP
I am a couples counsellor / relationship therapist. I focus on helping couples and individuals lead more contented lives. You may feel the spark has gone from your relationship, navigating a new one or not in a relationship at all. No matter what your circumstance, the chances are, if you are reading this, you have concerns about how you’re relating to others. If you're concerned about any of the following issues in your relationship, I may be able to help you: trust and jealousy, intimacy, family relationships, communication, self-esteem, infidelity, understanding each other, depression and anxiety, separation and divorce.
I am a couples counsellor / relationship therapist. I focus on helping couples and individuals lead more contented lives. You may feel the spark has gone from your relationship, navigating a new one or not in a relationship at all. No matter what your circumstance, the chances are, if you are reading this, you have concerns about how you’re relating to others. If you're concerned about any of the following issues in your relationship, I may be able to help you: trust and jealousy, intimacy, family relationships, communication, self-esteem, infidelity, understanding each other, depression and anxiety, separation and divorce.
01702 410098 View 01702 410098
Photo of Mel Cardy - Elmsleigh Counselling, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Elmsleigh Counselling
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Currently offering discounted first sessions for £35. Counselling is about making sense of what’s on your mind and finding practical ways to feel more in control. I listen closely, ask questions that matter, and help you explore strategies that actually fit your life. Sessions are focused, supportive, and occasionally lightened with well-timed honesty—because life doesn’t always need another lecture. Whether it’s anxiety, stress, self-esteem, work-life balance, or life transitions, we work together to clarify what matters to you and take steps that lead to real progress.
Currently offering discounted first sessions for £35. Counselling is about making sense of what’s on your mind and finding practical ways to feel more in control. I listen closely, ask questions that matter, and help you explore strategies that actually fit your life. Sessions are focused, supportive, and occasionally lightened with well-timed honesty—because life doesn’t always need another lecture. Whether it’s anxiety, stress, self-esteem, work-life balance, or life transitions, we work together to clarify what matters to you and take steps that lead to real progress.
01702 967128 View 01702 967128
Photo of Phillip Skelton, Counsellor, MBACP
Phillip Skelton
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
The counselling I provide creates a safe, empathic environment and sensitive space for a person to explore and resolve personal difficulties and limitations they may be experiencing, and to move beyond them. It can also help to enhance your relationship/connection with yourself and others.
The counselling I provide creates a safe, empathic environment and sensitive space for a person to explore and resolve personal difficulties and limitations they may be experiencing, and to move beyond them. It can also help to enhance your relationship/connection with yourself and others.
01702 967946 View 01702 967946
Photo of Louise Christie, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Louise Christie
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
My journey began with supporting teenagers in a secondary school, helping them navigate the emotional, social and academic challenges that often arise during adolescence. From there, my work has extended to individuals facing a range of life difficulties, including domestic abuse and social isolation, grief and loss and significant life transitions. I also work with couples who are managing the complexities of modern life, whether it's balancing demanding schedules, working through communication issues, dealing with financial pressures, or navigating the roles we take on within our family structures.
My journey began with supporting teenagers in a secondary school, helping them navigate the emotional, social and academic challenges that often arise during adolescence. From there, my work has extended to individuals facing a range of life difficulties, including domestic abuse and social isolation, grief and loss and significant life transitions. I also work with couples who are managing the complexities of modern life, whether it's balancing demanding schedules, working through communication issues, dealing with financial pressures, or navigating the roles we take on within our family structures.
01702 680536 View 01702 680536
Photo of Gemma Maria Anderson, Counsellor, MBACP
Gemma Maria Anderson
Counsellor, MBACP
Hi I’m Gemma, and welcome to my profile. Counselling can be daunting and maybe you’re unsure of what you want which is why I offer my 1st Session less than half the fee for you to decide if I’m the right fit for you. I have many years of experience with anxiety, depression, confidence issues, fears and many more reasons people take up counselling. Are you experiencing intense emotions and feel like you’re unable to manage them in the way you would like?. Are you feeling sad, isolated and alone because of this. There really is nothing too small/big to bring to therapy. Maybe get in contact and give it a try. :)
Hi I’m Gemma, and welcome to my profile. Counselling can be daunting and maybe you’re unsure of what you want which is why I offer my 1st Session less than half the fee for you to decide if I’m the right fit for you. I have many years of experience with anxiety, depression, confidence issues, fears and many more reasons people take up counselling. Are you experiencing intense emotions and feel like you’re unable to manage them in the way you would like?. Are you feeling sad, isolated and alone because of this. There really is nothing too small/big to bring to therapy. Maybe get in contact and give it a try. :)
01702 655677 View 01702 655677
Photo of Ky Lyn Harkins - Ky Harkins Life Counselling Services, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Ky Harkins Life Counselling Services
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Most of my clients come to me knowing they are not happy but they don't always know why. Sometimes it is because of the people and circumstances around them and sometimes it is because they keep repeating the same behaviours that are not producing a happy life for them. My job is to help people understand what it is in their lives that they are not happy with, or want to change and to imagine a life with the new changes in it. I work with the client to provide a safe, comfortable environment for them to explore what is going on for them and how they can make the changes to live a happy, fulfilling life.
Most of my clients come to me knowing they are not happy but they don't always know why. Sometimes it is because of the people and circumstances around them and sometimes it is because they keep repeating the same behaviours that are not producing a happy life for them. My job is to help people understand what it is in their lives that they are not happy with, or want to change and to imagine a life with the new changes in it. I work with the client to provide a safe, comfortable environment for them to explore what is going on for them and how they can make the changes to live a happy, fulfilling life.
01702 967241 View 01702 967241
Photo of Tanya Lee, Psychotherapist, MHGI
Tanya Lee
Psychotherapist, MHGI
Are you looking for effective help to deal with trauma, panic and anxiety? Are you fed up with labels and diagnoses that do nothing to resolve the symptoms and pain that you're suffering with? CPTSD, PTSD, GAD and BPD are labels that define your symptoms, but that don't tackle the cause or do anything useful to relieve them. I specialise in helping people with anxiety and PSTD and have helped many people just like you, who have been struggling, sometimes for decades. I won't dredge up unnecessary past experiences - I only work with what is relevant. Also if you prefer, you won't have to speak in detail about your issue.
Are you looking for effective help to deal with trauma, panic and anxiety? Are you fed up with labels and diagnoses that do nothing to resolve the symptoms and pain that you're suffering with? CPTSD, PTSD, GAD and BPD are labels that define your symptoms, but that don't tackle the cause or do anything useful to relieve them. I specialise in helping people with anxiety and PSTD and have helped many people just like you, who have been struggling, sometimes for decades. I won't dredge up unnecessary past experiences - I only work with what is relevant. Also if you prefer, you won't have to speak in detail about your issue.
01702 410074 View 01702 410074
Photo of Natalie Moor, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Natalie Moor
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Online Only
Hi, I’m Natalie – a fully qualified and accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT). I offer therapy remotely, which I find to be a really special way of working. Connecting with clients in the comfort of their own space can create a uniquely safe and relaxed environment.
Hi, I’m Natalie – a fully qualified and accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT). I offer therapy remotely, which I find to be a really special way of working. Connecting with clients in the comfort of their own space can create a uniquely safe and relaxed environment.
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Photo of Juliet Messenger, Counsellor, COSRT Accred
Juliet Messenger
Counsellor, COSRT Accred
I’m a senior accredited psychosexual and relationship therapist with COSRT. I'm an accredited member of BACP and an accredited Supervisor with COSRT. I offer therapy to couples and individuals who wish to talk about their relationships and sexual lives and to explore any difficulties within them. Some of the relationship and sexual difficulties I work with include communication issues, affairs, separation and divorce, anxiety about dating, body confidence concerns, loss of desire, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, issues with arousal, impact of sexual abuse, compulsive behaviours, substance and pornography use.
I’m a senior accredited psychosexual and relationship therapist with COSRT. I'm an accredited member of BACP and an accredited Supervisor with COSRT. I offer therapy to couples and individuals who wish to talk about their relationships and sexual lives and to explore any difficulties within them. Some of the relationship and sexual difficulties I work with include communication issues, affairs, separation and divorce, anxiety about dating, body confidence concerns, loss of desire, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, issues with arousal, impact of sexual abuse, compulsive behaviours, substance and pornography use.
020 8059 9972 View 020 8059 9972
Photo of Katy Acton - Katy Acton Counselling, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Katy Acton Counselling
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Are you struggling with bereavement, anxiety or depression? Experiencing relationship issues or low self-worth? Feeling trapped in a cycle of negative thinking and unhealthy ways of coping? Maybe your way of coping has now become the problem; addictions or avoidance. If you are longing for change and need a safe accepting space to identify what that is and work towards it; I can help. Together, we can work to set goals, make changes, identify and break behavioural patterns, validate your feelings, process past trauma and reframe thoughts. Hopefully resulting in an improvement to your wellbeing, mental health and life overall.
Are you struggling with bereavement, anxiety or depression? Experiencing relationship issues or low self-worth? Feeling trapped in a cycle of negative thinking and unhealthy ways of coping? Maybe your way of coping has now become the problem; addictions or avoidance. If you are longing for change and need a safe accepting space to identify what that is and work towards it; I can help. Together, we can work to set goals, make changes, identify and break behavioural patterns, validate your feelings, process past trauma and reframe thoughts. Hopefully resulting in an improvement to your wellbeing, mental health and life overall.
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Photo of Justin van Niekerk, Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Justin van Niekerk
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Mental health challenges are a natural part of life’s ups and downs, and you’re not alone if you’ve ever felt stuck, overwhelmed, or unfulfilled. As an experienced Clinical Psychologist, I provide evidence-based therapy and coaching in a safe, supportive, and compassionate space. We'll work together to explore your challenges and create meaningful change. My goal is to help you reconnect with what truly matters and develop effective, proven tools to navigate life with confidence.
Mental health challenges are a natural part of life’s ups and downs, and you’re not alone if you’ve ever felt stuck, overwhelmed, or unfulfilled. As an experienced Clinical Psychologist, I provide evidence-based therapy and coaching in a safe, supportive, and compassionate space. We'll work together to explore your challenges and create meaningful change. My goal is to help you reconnect with what truly matters and develop effective, proven tools to navigate life with confidence.
01702 655372 View 01702 655372
Photo of Monica Chatterjee - Monica C Hypnotherapy
Monica C Hypnotherapy
Verified Verified
Are you struggling with anxiety (including severe anxiety, GAD and social anxiety), stress, insomnia, panic attacks, low esteem, a phobia, asserting yourself, or something else that's blocking your potential or your peace of mind? I use the Cognitive Behavioural Hypnotherapy approach, an evidence-based method, to work with you to understand what's really going on and help you to make the changes you need to break through your problems.
Are you struggling with anxiety (including severe anxiety, GAD and social anxiety), stress, insomnia, panic attacks, low esteem, a phobia, asserting yourself, or something else that's blocking your potential or your peace of mind? I use the Cognitive Behavioural Hypnotherapy approach, an evidence-based method, to work with you to understand what's really going on and help you to make the changes you need to break through your problems.
020 3835 6124 View 020 3835 6124
Photo of Karen Haynes - Karen Haynes, Counsellor, BACP
Karen Haynes
Counsellor, BACP
I am an Integrative therapist which means I use various therapies and tailor the therapy to your needs, as we all are individuals and I feel an indIvidual approach offers the bespoke service clients require. Some people may respond well to CBT or DBT, others prefer a more Humanistic approach. The Psychodynamic approach works well when looking into our core thoughts and TA works wonders with communication. I work collaboratively with the client to get the best results for you.
I am an Integrative therapist which means I use various therapies and tailor the therapy to your needs, as we all are individuals and I feel an indIvidual approach offers the bespoke service clients require. Some people may respond well to CBT or DBT, others prefer a more Humanistic approach. The Psychodynamic approach works well when looking into our core thoughts and TA works wonders with communication. I work collaboratively with the client to get the best results for you.
01702 411182 View 01702 411182
Photo of Debbie Liman, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Debbie Liman
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
I am an accredited BACP Therapist with 15 years of clinical experience and currently serve as the DBT/Therapy Lead at The Priory Hospital. I support individuals experiencing borderline personality disorder, self‑destructive or impulsive behaviours, ADHD, and difficulties within relationships and sex issues, risky behaviour. I run comprehensive DBT programmes and group therapy, alongside individual therapeutic work. My approach is grounded in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, integrating skills in emotion regulation, distress tolerance, mindfulness, and interpersonal effectiveness.
I am an accredited BACP Therapist with 15 years of clinical experience and currently serve as the DBT/Therapy Lead at The Priory Hospital. I support individuals experiencing borderline personality disorder, self‑destructive or impulsive behaviours, ADHD, and difficulties within relationships and sex issues, risky behaviour. I run comprehensive DBT programmes and group therapy, alongside individual therapeutic work. My approach is grounded in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, integrating skills in emotion regulation, distress tolerance, mindfulness, and interpersonal effectiveness.
01708 989945 View 01708 989945
Photo of Jenna Harrison, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Jenna Harrison
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
No one person is immune to the difficulties, stresses and strains that life can challenge us with. Do you want someone to talk to? To help, to no longer feel alone? Counselling provides you with a safe place where you can feel heard, understood, respected and accepted. We will explore your thoughts, feelings, behaviours and issues. This can enable us to move forward. To live a life of fulfillment, acceptance to reach your best potential and find peace within that. First session is used to explore what counselling is like in more depth. This enables me to understand your wants and needs for us to move forward together.
No one person is immune to the difficulties, stresses and strains that life can challenge us with. Do you want someone to talk to? To help, to no longer feel alone? Counselling provides you with a safe place where you can feel heard, understood, respected and accepted. We will explore your thoughts, feelings, behaviours and issues. This can enable us to move forward. To live a life of fulfillment, acceptance to reach your best potential and find peace within that. First session is used to explore what counselling is like in more depth. This enables me to understand your wants and needs for us to move forward together.
01702 410086 View 01702 410086
Photo of Duncan Ashley Paveling, Counsellor, MBACP
Duncan Ashley Paveling
Counsellor, MBACP
3 Endorsed
I am a qualified (MBACP Registered) Counsellor/Supervisor with over 18 years experience working with individuals of all ages (both adults and young people), with an eclectic approach in line with the BACP Ethical Framework. My work includes that with Individuals, Couples and Families, whilst experience has also led me to run regular workshops and support groups. I also have extensive and ongoing experience in both the Media/Sporting industries and in the area of Neurodiversity.
I am a qualified (MBACP Registered) Counsellor/Supervisor with over 18 years experience working with individuals of all ages (both adults and young people), with an eclectic approach in line with the BACP Ethical Framework. My work includes that with Individuals, Couples and Families, whilst experience has also led me to run regular workshops and support groups. I also have extensive and ongoing experience in both the Media/Sporting industries and in the area of Neurodiversity.
01702 967513 View 01702 967513

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Leigh-on-Sea

70+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Leigh-on-Sea who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
83% Relationship Issues
81% Depression
76% Stress
67% Bereavement
59% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Aviva
57% AXA PPP
52% Bupa

How Counsellors in Leigh-on-Sea see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Leigh-on-Sea?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.