Hypnotherapists in Leicester

Photo of Stephanie Jayne Murphy, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Stephanie Jayne Murphy
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
We all have mental health just like physical health and sometimes we all need someone to talk to. Maybe you have situations arising in life at the moment which you are finding difficult to work through, perhaps you don't feel you can reach out to those around you or perhaps it is just too personal. Whatever the struggle may be, you are not alone.
We all have mental health just like physical health and sometimes we all need someone to talk to. Maybe you have situations arising in life at the moment which you are finding difficult to work through, perhaps you don't feel you can reach out to those around you or perhaps it is just too personal. Whatever the struggle may be, you are not alone.
01455 249589 View 01455 249589
Photo of Jamie Bruce - J. Bruce Counselling & Hypnotherapy, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I offer counselling and hypnotherapy as separate services, depending on what you're goals are.
I'm Jamie, an accredited Counsellor and Hypnotherapist. I understand not everyone has the tools to cope when life gets heavy — feeling anxious, burnt out, stuck in their heads, or struggling with confidence. Some are dealing with past experiences that still affect them, while others just want to feel more in control of their lives.
I offer counselling and hypnotherapy as separate services, depending on what you're goals are.
I'm Jamie, an accredited Counsellor and Hypnotherapist. I understand not everyone has the tools to cope when life gets heavy — feeling anxious, burnt out, stuck in their heads, or struggling with confidence. Some are dealing with past experiences that still affect them, while others just want to feel more in control of their lives.
0116 502 3475 View 0116 502 3475
Photo of Emma Louise Jacques, Counsellor, BACP
Emma Louise Jacques
Counsellor, BACP
I am a person centered and psychodynamic counsellor incorporating CBT and solution focused creative techniques such as art therapy, guided imagery and visualisation, meditation and the Rewind technique (for trauma). I offer therapy to couples, young people, adults and families.
I am a person centered and psychodynamic counsellor incorporating CBT and solution focused creative techniques such as art therapy, guided imagery and visualisation, meditation and the Rewind technique (for trauma). I offer therapy to couples, young people, adults and families.
01455 247617 View 01455 247617
Photo of Martin Middleton
Martin Middleton
Verified Verified
Combining CBT and clinical hypnotherapy to help you get unstuck.
I work with adults dealing with anxiety, stress, and the habits of mind that go with them. My approach combines CBT and clinical hypnotherapy. Part of what we do is examine the story you've been carrying about yourself—where it came from, what it's still protecting you from, and whether it's still accurate.
Combining CBT and clinical hypnotherapy to help you get unstuck.
I work with adults dealing with anxiety, stress, and the habits of mind that go with them. My approach combines CBT and clinical hypnotherapy. Part of what we do is examine the story you've been carrying about yourself—where it came from, what it's still protecting you from, and whether it's still accurate.
07308 927614 View 07308 927614
Photo of Kim Thomas, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MHGI
Kim Thomas
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MHGI
Serves Area
Life can feel overwhelming at times, and it takes courage to reach out for help. Are you feeling stressed, anxious, or depressed? Are you struggling to sleep, or carrying the weight of past trauma or abuse that leaves you feeling fearful or stuck? Together, we can gently explore what you’re experiencing, uncover the root causes, and find a way forward. My aim is to support you in gaining clarity, building confidence, and rediscovering a sense of calm and hope. If you’re ready to take that first step towards feeling calmer, more confident, and more optimistic about who you are and what you’re capable of, book a free consultation
Life can feel overwhelming at times, and it takes courage to reach out for help. Are you feeling stressed, anxious, or depressed? Are you struggling to sleep, or carrying the weight of past trauma or abuse that leaves you feeling fearful or stuck? Together, we can gently explore what you’re experiencing, uncover the root causes, and find a way forward. My aim is to support you in gaining clarity, building confidence, and rediscovering a sense of calm and hope. If you’re ready to take that first step towards feeling calmer, more confident, and more optimistic about who you are and what you’re capable of, book a free consultation
01664 494374 View 01664 494374
Photo of Maxine Marshall - Wit and Wisdom Therapy , Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Wit and Wisdom Therapy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Typically I use a tailored combination of CBT, psychodynamic and person centred therapy, and if appropriate and desired I can also utilise hypnotherapy.
Hi I'm Maxine, my approach is straightforward, less woo - more you, using a range of therapeutic tools and honest conversation to help you find your true self. When anxiety, stress and low self esteem are running the show, it can feel exhausting just getting through the day. I work with teenagers and adults who want practical, down-to-earth support to understand their issues and find ways to feel calmer, more confident, and more in control. I’ve worked in adult social services, large urban secondary schools and in palliative care – you can be assured of a warm, confidential and empathic welcome at Wit & Wisdom Therapy.
Typically I use a tailored combination of CBT, psychodynamic and person centred therapy, and if appropriate and desired I can also utilise hypnotherapy.
Hi I'm Maxine, my approach is straightforward, less woo - more you, using a range of therapeutic tools and honest conversation to help you find your true self. When anxiety, stress and low self esteem are running the show, it can feel exhausting just getting through the day. I work with teenagers and adults who want practical, down-to-earth support to understand their issues and find ways to feel calmer, more confident, and more in control. I’ve worked in adult social services, large urban secondary schools and in palliative care – you can be assured of a warm, confidential and empathic welcome at Wit & Wisdom Therapy.
01777 802570 View 01777 802570
Photo of Wanjiru Macharia, Psychotherapist, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Wanjiru Macharia
Psychotherapist, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a registered, accredited and qualified counsellor and psychotherapist. I offer therapy on ways to cope with various life challenges such as:- self-harm, confidence issues, low self- esteem, depression, anxiety, bereavement, behavioural issues, sensory and anger management. I respect clients’ views; I am non-judgemental in my approaches and I always maintain confidentiality. The sessions are mostly client led. I believe in giving each client the opportunity to express themselves in ways they feel comfortable. This helps to facilitate the client's progress and recovery.
I am a registered, accredited and qualified counsellor and psychotherapist. I offer therapy on ways to cope with various life challenges such as:- self-harm, confidence issues, low self- esteem, depression, anxiety, bereavement, behavioural issues, sensory and anger management. I respect clients’ views; I am non-judgemental in my approaches and I always maintain confidentiality. The sessions are mostly client led. I believe in giving each client the opportunity to express themselves in ways they feel comfortable. This helps to facilitate the client's progress and recovery.
01604 422159 View 01604 422159
Photo of Julie BradshawMBE, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Julie BradshawMBE
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Dr. Julie Bradshaw MBE: Qualified ONLINE & Face to Face Psychotherapist & Supervisor; working remotely & from a beautiful log cabin in Loughborough and Blackpool. Using various ways suited to the individual, I see people are not their behaviours and are doing the best that they can with what they have. Everyone has the resources within themselves to change and to achieve their maximum potential in life and to EXPAND upon it, RIGHT NOW. Central to my work is the quality of the relationship and rapport between client and therapist. I provide you that confidential, safe & trusting environment where you are free to explore deep issues.
Dr. Julie Bradshaw MBE: Qualified ONLINE & Face to Face Psychotherapist & Supervisor; working remotely & from a beautiful log cabin in Loughborough and Blackpool. Using various ways suited to the individual, I see people are not their behaviours and are doing the best that they can with what they have. Everyone has the resources within themselves to change and to achieve their maximum potential in life and to EXPAND upon it, RIGHT NOW. Central to my work is the quality of the relationship and rapport between client and therapist. I provide you that confidential, safe & trusting environment where you are free to explore deep issues.
01509 273776 View 01509 273776
Photo of Fiona Burton - New Insight Therapy- Fiona Burton, Psychotherapist, MBACP
New Insight Therapy- Fiona Burton
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
I use a combination of psychotherapy, The BLAST Technique (EMDR) and hypnotherapy, to help you feel calmer, regulate your emotions better and to get less triggered .
ANXIETY & Trauma Specialist. ADHD Coach. Narcissistic abuse recovery. Are you feeling alone, anxious, in despair…or just feeling stuck and don't know where to start? I understand that considering therapy can be daunting, but it can also be life-changing. We can work together to sort through the fog, confusion and heaviness, so that you can have more peace, clarity and calmness; lower your anxiety and stress levels; find your inner strength and learn new ways of coping, to enable you to feel like the real you and get the most out of life. Please don’t struggle on alone, just take that first step and get in touch.
I use a combination of psychotherapy, The BLAST Technique (EMDR) and hypnotherapy, to help you feel calmer, regulate your emotions better and to get less triggered .
ANXIETY & Trauma Specialist. ADHD Coach. Narcissistic abuse recovery. Are you feeling alone, anxious, in despair…or just feeling stuck and don't know where to start? I understand that considering therapy can be daunting, but it can also be life-changing. We can work together to sort through the fog, confusion and heaviness, so that you can have more peace, clarity and calmness; lower your anxiety and stress levels; find your inner strength and learn new ways of coping, to enable you to feel like the real you and get the most out of life. Please don’t struggle on alone, just take that first step and get in touch.
01455 245471 View 01455 245471
Photo of Adriana Pavelescu, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Adriana Pavelescu
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I'm a Clinical Psychologist(HCPC Registered) &hypnotherapist, owner of Psychotherapy& Hypnotherapy.
Psychotherapy and Hypnotherapy : CBT Treatment: People involved in RTA, Loneliness, Couple therapy, Divorce, Abuse, Anxiety, Panic attack, Depression, Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, Trauma, Passive aggressive behavior, Behavior problems, Postnatal depression, Self-harming, Separation anxiety, PTSD, Phobias, Panic Attack, etc
I'm a Clinical Psychologist(HCPC Registered) &hypnotherapist, owner of Psychotherapy& Hypnotherapy.
Psychotherapy and Hypnotherapy : CBT Treatment: People involved in RTA, Loneliness, Couple therapy, Divorce, Abuse, Anxiety, Panic attack, Depression, Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, Trauma, Passive aggressive behavior, Behavior problems, Postnatal depression, Self-harming, Separation anxiety, PTSD, Phobias, Panic Attack, etc
01788 229228 View 01788 229228
Photo of Martin James Smith, Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP Snr. Accred
Martin James Smith
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP Snr. Accred
Serves Area
I have been in private practice for over 25 years specialising in anxiety issues as well as helping people with depression, sleep and stress related issues. My approach is a solution focused and Cognitive Behavioural and looks at how to help you move on quickly and effectively. I utilise a range of techniques with the focus on looking at things that work for you and help you feel better as quickly and effectively as possible. The aim is to help and support from the very first session we do together.
I have been in private practice for over 25 years specialising in anxiety issues as well as helping people with depression, sleep and stress related issues. My approach is a solution focused and Cognitive Behavioural and looks at how to help you move on quickly and effectively. I utilise a range of techniques with the focus on looking at things that work for you and help you feel better as quickly and effectively as possible. The aim is to help and support from the very first session we do together.
0115 697 1197 View 0115 697 1197
Photo of Samuel Christmas - Connecting Minds, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Connecting Minds
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
Connecting Minds are a collective of highly qualified and experienced psychological practitioners including Consultant Clinical and Counselling Psychologists and psychotherapists. We are dedicated to helping people of all ages improve their wellbeing. We come from a diverse range of background professions and specialities and have all worked for a minimum of ten years within NHS statutory services. Through connecting with each other, pooling our expertise and resources we can better support your unique therapy journey. We pride ourselves on the ability to provide a range of services in a timely and compassionate manner.
Connecting Minds are a collective of highly qualified and experienced psychological practitioners including Consultant Clinical and Counselling Psychologists and psychotherapists. We are dedicated to helping people of all ages improve their wellbeing. We come from a diverse range of background professions and specialities and have all worked for a minimum of ten years within NHS statutory services. Through connecting with each other, pooling our expertise and resources we can better support your unique therapy journey. We pride ourselves on the ability to provide a range of services in a timely and compassionate manner.
01562 546794 View 01562 546794
Photo of Rita Clare, Psychotherapist, MHGI
Rita Clare
Psychotherapist, MHGI
Serves Area
It is more effective to combine hypnotherapy with other modalities because it can relax you enough that the conscious mind will not block your progress.
Are you feeling stuck about the past? Perhaps the present is a source of stress? Or maybe you have a general feeling of uncertainty about the future? I am an empathic and non-judgemental therapist with the benefit of a practical and solution-focused mind. I can help you identify and meet your missing emotional needs so that you can heal and stay mentally balanced; moving you on from states such as stress, anxiety, depression, anger, or addiction. This is a modern therapy with the added advantage of an optional guided imagery at the end of each session, as an extra 'boost' for feeling emotionally calm and in control again.
It is more effective to combine hypnotherapy with other modalities because it can relax you enough that the conscious mind will not block your progress.
Are you feeling stuck about the past? Perhaps the present is a source of stress? Or maybe you have a general feeling of uncertainty about the future? I am an empathic and non-judgemental therapist with the benefit of a practical and solution-focused mind. I can help you identify and meet your missing emotional needs so that you can heal and stay mentally balanced; moving you on from states such as stress, anxiety, depression, anger, or addiction. This is a modern therapy with the added advantage of an optional guided imagery at the end of each session, as an extra 'boost' for feeling emotionally calm and in control again.
01604 343091 View 01604 343091
Photo of Emily Constance Christodoulou - Emily Bentham Hypnotherapy
Emily Bentham Hypnotherapy
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Fulfil your potential and embrace your inner calm with solution focused hypnotherapy.
I’m here to help you. Maybe you feel stressed, or anxious. Perhaps you self-medicate with nicotine, alcohol or indulgent food, to get through the day. You might be held back by negative beliefs, a lack of confidence or fears and phobias. Or you may suffer with IBS, insomnia or low mood. Whatever your symptom, Solution Focused Hypnotherapy has been proven to help clients time and time again. I work with one to one clients, offering a personal service, completely bespoke to you. I also work with groups in corporate and leisure settings, allowing for great accessibility of treatment. Contact me today to learn how I can help you.
Fulfil your potential and embrace your inner calm with solution focused hypnotherapy.
I’m here to help you. Maybe you feel stressed, or anxious. Perhaps you self-medicate with nicotine, alcohol or indulgent food, to get through the day. You might be held back by negative beliefs, a lack of confidence or fears and phobias. Or you may suffer with IBS, insomnia or low mood. Whatever your symptom, Solution Focused Hypnotherapy has been proven to help clients time and time again. I work with one to one clients, offering a personal service, completely bespoke to you. I also work with groups in corporate and leisure settings, allowing for great accessibility of treatment. Contact me today to learn how I can help you.
0116 493 0436 View 0116 493 0436
Photo of Joan Elizabeth Carter, Psychotherapist, MBACP Snr. Accred
Joan Elizabeth Carter
Psychotherapist, MBACP Snr. Accred
Serves Area
I am an experienced Registered and Senior Accredited counsellor/psychotherapist I have 32 years experience and over 20,000 hours client sessions. I offer individual and couples counselling. I have extensive experience working for the NHS, heading up a therapy service in one of the largest GP Medical Practices in the UK. I now work from my home near OAKHAM. The first step is to meet me for an initial assessment session so that you ca decide if I am the right therapist for you and if so, we can consider how best to address the issues you are facing. I believe that the relationship is central to our work together.
I am an experienced Registered and Senior Accredited counsellor/psychotherapist I have 32 years experience and over 20,000 hours client sessions. I offer individual and couples counselling. I have extensive experience working for the NHS, heading up a therapy service in one of the largest GP Medical Practices in the UK. I now work from my home near OAKHAM. The first step is to meet me for an initial assessment session so that you ca decide if I am the right therapist for you and if so, we can consider how best to address the issues you are facing. I believe that the relationship is central to our work together.
01572 492166 View 01572 492166

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Danny Cummings, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Danny Cummings
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
I am a qualified integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor with experience of secondary school counselling. I use a broad range of therapeutic techniques such as the Person Centred, Psychodynamic, CBT and Mindfullness, tailoring our therapy sessions to meet your individual needs. I have been teaching in education as the head of Psychology for over 17 years and am also a qualified Hypnotherapist. I work with relationships, both individuals and couples in particular those that are survivors of or current Narcissistic abuse. I offer support to work through unresolved chilhood trauma, emotional dysregulation, and self abandonment.
I am a qualified integrative Psychotherapist and Counsellor with experience of secondary school counselling. I use a broad range of therapeutic techniques such as the Person Centred, Psychodynamic, CBT and Mindfullness, tailoring our therapy sessions to meet your individual needs. I have been teaching in education as the head of Psychology for over 17 years and am also a qualified Hypnotherapist. I work with relationships, both individuals and couples in particular those that are survivors of or current Narcissistic abuse. I offer support to work through unresolved chilhood trauma, emotional dysregulation, and self abandonment.
01604 261757 View 01604 261757
Photo of Grace-Anne Sharpe-Young, Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Grace-Anne Sharpe-Young
Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
I’m a fully accredited psychotherapist with a background in Social Psychology and Clinical Hypnotherapy.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I offer both long‑term psychotherapy and flexible single sessions. This gives you the choice to work in a way that feels right for you. You may be looking for long‑term therapy to explore past or present experiences, trauma, childhood wounds, or long‑standing behavioural patterns, or you may prefer ad‑hoc sessions to explore your concerns, feelings, or decisions you are navigating. If you are facing emotional challenges, relationship difficulties, or feeling overwhelmed or anxious, we can work together to make sense of what you are experiencing, at a pace that feels right for you.
I’m a fully accredited psychotherapist with a background in Social Psychology and Clinical Hypnotherapy.
Thank you for visiting my profile. I offer both long‑term psychotherapy and flexible single sessions. This gives you the choice to work in a way that feels right for you. You may be looking for long‑term therapy to explore past or present experiences, trauma, childhood wounds, or long‑standing behavioural patterns, or you may prefer ad‑hoc sessions to explore your concerns, feelings, or decisions you are navigating. If you are facing emotional challenges, relationship difficulties, or feeling overwhelmed or anxious, we can work together to make sense of what you are experiencing, at a pace that feels right for you.
01509 323260 View 01509 323260
Photo of Maria Cristina, Psychologist, MA, GMBPsS
Maria Cristina
Psychologist, MA, GMBPsS
Online Only
Life can be overwhelming at times, but you don’t have to face it alone. I’m here to support you in building resilience, improving self-esteem, and gaining the tools you need to navigate emotional challenges. As a dedicated Psychotherapist and Clinical Hypnotherapist, I combine evidence-based techniques—such as cognitive therapy and mindfulness—with self-acceptance and personal growth strategies. My goal is to help you shift unhelpful thought patterns, embrace life’s ups and downs, and move toward a more fulfilling and balanced life.
Life can be overwhelming at times, but you don’t have to face it alone. I’m here to support you in building resilience, improving self-esteem, and gaining the tools you need to navigate emotional challenges. As a dedicated Psychotherapist and Clinical Hypnotherapist, I combine evidence-based techniques—such as cognitive therapy and mindfulness—with self-acceptance and personal growth strategies. My goal is to help you shift unhelpful thought patterns, embrace life’s ups and downs, and move toward a more fulfilling and balanced life.
01604 954995 View 01604 954995
Photo of Carleen Bentley - Halfway Tree Therapy Ltd, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Halfway Tree Therapy Ltd
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
We are all unique and present different ranges of issues requiring highly tailored therapy. As a UKCP & BACP accredited, Clinical Integrative Psychotherapist, qualified (with Distinction), at MSc level. I work in a relational/humanistic way, offering myself, my knowledge, and life experience to an extensive range of clients, to encourage growth and healing. Commissioned to work with the Nottinghamshire Police, BAME Crown Prosecution Service, NHS, whilst supporting Employee Assistance Programmes (EAP) and private patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, trauma and grief, childhood trauma and relationship issues.
We are all unique and present different ranges of issues requiring highly tailored therapy. As a UKCP & BACP accredited, Clinical Integrative Psychotherapist, qualified (with Distinction), at MSc level. I work in a relational/humanistic way, offering myself, my knowledge, and life experience to an extensive range of clients, to encourage growth and healing. Commissioned to work with the Nottinghamshire Police, BAME Crown Prosecution Service, NHS, whilst supporting Employee Assistance Programmes (EAP) and private patients with issues such as depression, anxiety, trauma and grief, childhood trauma and relationship issues.
01332 980834 View 01332 980834
Photo of Caroline Bottrill - CBT for Healthy Minds ( Caroline Bottrill ), Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
CBT for Healthy Minds ( Caroline Bottrill )
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Hello, I am Caroline, and I am a professional and caring Trauma Recovery Psychotherapist with 17 years experience. I understand how isolating trauma can be and I will hold your hand during your treatment using evidence based treatment CBT therapy integrated with somatic (in the body) healing methods. Working together I can help you to heal your trauma wounds and reinvent yourself to feel empowered and able to lead a happy and fulfilling life each day.
Hello, I am Caroline, and I am a professional and caring Trauma Recovery Psychotherapist with 17 years experience. I understand how isolating trauma can be and I will hold your hand during your treatment using evidence based treatment CBT therapy integrated with somatic (in the body) healing methods. Working together I can help you to heal your trauma wounds and reinvent yourself to feel empowered and able to lead a happy and fulfilling life each day.
0121 817 3868 View 0121 817 3868

See more therapy options for Leicester

Hypnotherapy Counsellors
How does hypnotherapy work?
Hypnotherapy works by using guided hypnosis to help you reach a state of focus and concentration through mental imagery and soothing verbal repetition. The state is somewhat like being absorbed in a book, a film, or your own thoughts. You are not under a therapist’s “control,” but they can help you relax and turn your attention inward to discover the resources to achieve behaviour change or better manage psychological concerns. Therapy sessions may involve guiding you through recognising a problem, releasing problematic thoughts about it, and considering and accepting more productive alternatives before returning to normal awareness. Hypnotherapy is typically used by a therapist along with traditional forms of talk therapy. Eventually, your therapist can help you learn hypnotherapy techniques yourself, so you can establish a stronger sense of control on your own in stressful or challenging moments.

Is hypnotherapy the same as hypnosis?
Hypnotherapy, which is sometimes called hypnotic suggestion, is a therapeutic technique in which a therapist uses hypnosis to help patients. It is not the kind of hypnosis portrayed in stage shows, or in movies or on television. You will not be unconscious or asleep during hypnotherapy, you will not lose control of yourself, your thoughts, or your free will, and you will be able to fully recall your experience. And while you will hear your therapist’s suggestions, it is always up to you to decide whether to act on them. Hypnosis by a trained mental-health professional is not a form of mind control, which is impossible to achieve anyway.

Can everyone be hypnotised?
The most common challenge of hypnotherapy is that as many as one in four people cannot be hypnotised. Brain imaging has confirmed differences in patterns of brain connectivity between those who respond to hypnotism and those who do not. Other people who could potentially be hypnotised may not respond to the technique because of their scepticism or resistance to entering a hypnotic state. If a therapist’s “post-hypnotic suggestion” is effective, it’s because they are suggesting something you want to achieve.

Does hypnotherapy work?
Through hypnotherapy, you can achieve changes that are real and sustainable. Like other talk therapy techniques, when hypnotherapy succeeds, it’s a case of mind over matter. Effective hypnotherapy involves self-healing because you access resources you need to change inside of yourself and learn how to tap into them whenever you need. Hypnotherapy has been shown to be an effective therapy for anxiety, phobias, stress, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual dysfunction, and undesirable behaviours like smoking. It can be used to help improve sleep or to address relationship challenges, and to aid with pain management, digestive disorders, skin conditions, and the gastrointestinal side effects of pregnancy or chemotherapy.