Counselling in Ilkley

Photo of Phil McQuillan, Counsellor, MBACP
Phil McQuillan
Counsellor, MBACP
Ilkley LS29
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience working in an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 18+. I work with a range of presenting issues, including issues related to anxiety, depression, and trauma, but also have experience working with issues relating to relationships, bereavement, identity, self-criticality, burnout, neurodiversity/neurodivergence (assessed or self-identified), kink, bdsm and non-monogamy, and issues relating to working in the creative arts.
I am a qualified integrative psychotherapist with previous experience working in an NHS and a university setting. I work with adults and young people 18+. I work with a range of presenting issues, including issues related to anxiety, depression, and trauma, but also have experience working with issues relating to relationships, bereavement, identity, self-criticality, burnout, neurodiversity/neurodivergence (assessed or self-identified), kink, bdsm and non-monogamy, and issues relating to working in the creative arts.
01943 661246 View 01943 661246
Photo of Jessica Jeffrey, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Jessica Jeffrey
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Ilkley LS29
Hi, I'm Jess. I'm a friendly and down-to-earth therapist helping people untangle feelings and experiences that have started to pile up. Whether you’re feeling weighed down by hopelessness, drained from battling something you know needs attention, or finding it hard to see your own worth, I’m here to help. I work with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and those deep dives into past experiences that can still affect you today.
Hi, I'm Jess. I'm a friendly and down-to-earth therapist helping people untangle feelings and experiences that have started to pile up. Whether you’re feeling weighed down by hopelessness, drained from battling something you know needs attention, or finding it hard to see your own worth, I’m here to help. I work with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and those deep dives into past experiences that can still affect you today.
01729 810637 View 01729 810637
Photo of Dr Lisa Benn, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Lisa Benn
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Ilkley LS29
I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist with over two decades experience working with adults and children to maximise wellbeing. I have worked in many different healthcare settings, including Community Mental Health and Learning Disability Teams. I have a depth of knowledge and skills from working with all aspects of mental health (low self esteem, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, including complex trauma). I also have specialism in working with autistic people and individuals with adhd, dyslexia and learning disability. I am an experienced clinical supervisor with many years supervising psychologists and psychological professionals.
I am a Consultant Clinical Psychologist with over two decades experience working with adults and children to maximise wellbeing. I have worked in many different healthcare settings, including Community Mental Health and Learning Disability Teams. I have a depth of knowledge and skills from working with all aspects of mental health (low self esteem, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, including complex trauma). I also have specialism in working with autistic people and individuals with adhd, dyslexia and learning disability. I am an experienced clinical supervisor with many years supervising psychologists and psychological professionals.
01943 662111 View 01943 662111
Photo of Yolanda Black-Fuentes, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Yolanda Black-Fuentes
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Online Only
Hello. I am a qualified counsellor and a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. I practice an open, pluralistic form of counselling that can be adapted to the unique needs of each client, as no two people are alike. I will work collaboratively with you to assess your preferences, needs and expectations, in order to create an effective therapeutic approach for your problems. Counselling may be long or short-term. Usually, short-term, time-limited counselling will be more structured and goal-oriented. I have experience of working with a diverse range of clients with various issues including:
Hello. I am a qualified counsellor and a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. I practice an open, pluralistic form of counselling that can be adapted to the unique needs of each client, as no two people are alike. I will work collaboratively with you to assess your preferences, needs and expectations, in order to create an effective therapeutic approach for your problems. Counselling may be long or short-term. Usually, short-term, time-limited counselling will be more structured and goal-oriented. I have experience of working with a diverse range of clients with various issues including:
01943 666716 View 01943 666716
Photo of Duncan Slater, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Duncan Slater
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Ilkley LS29
I currently work with Young Adults, Teenagers and Children (8+). I like to work together collaboratively in a way that allows empowerment and feels right for you. It is through the therapeutic relationship that new understanding, greater awareness, and therapeutic growth is experienced. I provide 1 to 1 talking therapy in person and outdoor walk and talk therapy in nature. I also provide online therapy by zoom. Working online offers greater accessibility if you are very busy or have physical limitations. It also provides a more private and comfortable experience as in person therapy can sometimes feel too much.
I currently work with Young Adults, Teenagers and Children (8+). I like to work together collaboratively in a way that allows empowerment and feels right for you. It is through the therapeutic relationship that new understanding, greater awareness, and therapeutic growth is experienced. I provide 1 to 1 talking therapy in person and outdoor walk and talk therapy in nature. I also provide online therapy by zoom. Working online offers greater accessibility if you are very busy or have physical limitations. It also provides a more private and comfortable experience as in person therapy can sometimes feel too much.
01943 661903 View 01943 661903
Photo of Guy Turnbull, Counsellor, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Guy Turnbull
Counsellor, MA, MNCPS Acc.
Ilkley LS29
If you are finding life hard I want to help. I know how helping you to talk about your challenges can allow you feel understood and make changes. I will listen carefully and kindly and help you feel understood so you can increase your self belief and improve your wellbeing. I have worked with many different issues and I would like to talk with you to see if, together, we think that counselling with me could help you. If you want to feel happier and get more out of life I believe I can help you.
If you are finding life hard I want to help. I know how helping you to talk about your challenges can allow you feel understood and make changes. I will listen carefully and kindly and help you feel understood so you can increase your self belief and improve your wellbeing. I have worked with many different issues and I would like to talk with you to see if, together, we think that counselling with me could help you. If you want to feel happier and get more out of life I believe I can help you.
01535 288484 View 01535 288484
Photo of Dr Claudia Salt, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Claudia Salt
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Ilkley LS29
Hello, my name is Claudia. I am an HCPC registered Senior Clinical Psychologist. I have been qualified since 2007. I work with children and young people or their parents/carers to offer: Individual evidence based psychological therapy; Work with parents & carers; Consultation with other professionals. My areas of special interest include depression, anxiety, phobia, self-esteem, OCD & work related to neurodivergence. Building warm, trusting, affirming, collaborative and empathic therapeutic relationships with the children, young people & parents/carers I work with is central to my approach.
Hello, my name is Claudia. I am an HCPC registered Senior Clinical Psychologist. I have been qualified since 2007. I work with children and young people or their parents/carers to offer: Individual evidence based psychological therapy; Work with parents & carers; Consultation with other professionals. My areas of special interest include depression, anxiety, phobia, self-esteem, OCD & work related to neurodivergence. Building warm, trusting, affirming, collaborative and empathic therapeutic relationships with the children, young people & parents/carers I work with is central to my approach.
01943 661329 View 01943 661329
Photo of Katy Raven, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Katy Raven
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, BACP
Ilkley LS29
I understand what it takes to start a therapy journey, and I endeavour to support that process sensitively and with purpose. Your needs and goals are what we will work on together, whilst investigating and learning along the way. The pace is set by you, and how we work can be flexible to how you are feeling on the day. No pressure, just kindness, support, and a space to explore. Feeling safe enough to communicate your challenges is key. This is what I offer, alongside my extensive experience of practice in working with complex issues and distress.
I understand what it takes to start a therapy journey, and I endeavour to support that process sensitively and with purpose. Your needs and goals are what we will work on together, whilst investigating and learning along the way. The pace is set by you, and how we work can be flexible to how you are feeling on the day. No pressure, just kindness, support, and a space to explore. Feeling safe enough to communicate your challenges is key. This is what I offer, alongside my extensive experience of practice in working with complex issues and distress.
01943 661207 View 01943 661207
Photo of Georgina Walker, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Georgina Walker
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Ilkley LS29
I have trained to work pluralistically with my clients. This means that I work with a variety of theories and tailor my practice to what best suits my clients at that particular time; we work collaboratively and review as often as required. The three main areas I have studied are person-centred, psychodynamic and CBT. I am registered with the NCPS, National Hypnotherapy Society, The King's Trust and the ICO. I am also a fully qualified hypnotherapist. I have experience of helping children from primary school age, right up to old age and those who are terminally ill. I hold an enhanced DBS and also offer emotional support sessions.
I have trained to work pluralistically with my clients. This means that I work with a variety of theories and tailor my practice to what best suits my clients at that particular time; we work collaboratively and review as often as required. The three main areas I have studied are person-centred, psychodynamic and CBT. I am registered with the NCPS, National Hypnotherapy Society, The King's Trust and the ICO. I am also a fully qualified hypnotherapist. I have experience of helping children from primary school age, right up to old age and those who are terminally ill. I hold an enhanced DBS and also offer emotional support sessions.
01484 627409 View 01484 627409
Photo of Mark Christopher Dove, Counsellor, MBACP
Mark Christopher Dove
Counsellor, MBACP
Ilkley LS29
Hello, and thank you for visiting my profile. If you're reading this, it's possible that you're going through a difficult time in your life. Please know that you don't have to face it alone – I’m here to help you find your way forward with understanding, care, and professional support. I’m a qualified counsellor offering a warm, client-centred approach to therapy. My work is based on a person-centred and integrative model, which means our sessions are shaped around you – your experiences, your goals, and what you feel ready to explore. Together, we can work to break unhelpful patterns, to help you build better ways of living.
Hello, and thank you for visiting my profile. If you're reading this, it's possible that you're going through a difficult time in your life. Please know that you don't have to face it alone – I’m here to help you find your way forward with understanding, care, and professional support. I’m a qualified counsellor offering a warm, client-centred approach to therapy. My work is based on a person-centred and integrative model, which means our sessions are shaped around you – your experiences, your goals, and what you feel ready to explore. Together, we can work to break unhelpful patterns, to help you build better ways of living.
01756 630578 View 01756 630578
Photo of Alla Horoshenkova, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Alla Horoshenkova
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Ilkley LS29
Therapy is a place to explore what is going on for you below the surface. I offer my warmth, compassion, and genuine intention to understand your experiences so that together we can work out what is the root of the matter.
Therapy is a place to explore what is going on for you below the surface. I offer my warmth, compassion, and genuine intention to understand your experiences so that together we can work out what is the root of the matter.
01943 662839 View 01943 662839
Photo of Dr Fiona Bentley, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Fiona Bentley
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Ilkley LS29
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist with over 25 years post-qualification experience of working with adults in the NHS. I am registered with the Health & Care Professions Council (HCPC) and the British Psychological Society. I am an accredited practitioner in EMDR. I help people with a range of emotional difficulties, including low mood, anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder), obsessive-compulsive problems, eating issues, PTSD and dealing with the effects of trauma or abuse, low self esteem, relationship difficulties, loss, and adjustment difficulties following stressful life events.
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist with over 25 years post-qualification experience of working with adults in the NHS. I am registered with the Health & Care Professions Council (HCPC) and the British Psychological Society. I am an accredited practitioner in EMDR. I help people with a range of emotional difficulties, including low mood, anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder), obsessive-compulsive problems, eating issues, PTSD and dealing with the effects of trauma or abuse, low self esteem, relationship difficulties, loss, and adjustment difficulties following stressful life events.
01729 811207 View 01729 811207
Photo of Anna Liuba, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Anna Liuba
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Ilkley LS29
Clients who can use art psychotherapy may have a wide range of difficulties, disabilities or diagnoses. These include, for example emotional, behavioural or mental health problems, PTSD, relationship issues, difficult experiences such as historical abuse or bereavement, life-limiting conditions and physical illness. It is not a recreational activity or an art lesson, although the sessions can be enjoyable. Clients do not need to have any previous experience or expertise in art so please don't be put off by the word 'art'. There is no pressure to use the art materials, sometimes just talking is enough.
Clients who can use art psychotherapy may have a wide range of difficulties, disabilities or diagnoses. These include, for example emotional, behavioural or mental health problems, PTSD, relationship issues, difficult experiences such as historical abuse or bereavement, life-limiting conditions and physical illness. It is not a recreational activity or an art lesson, although the sessions can be enjoyable. Clients do not need to have any previous experience or expertise in art so please don't be put off by the word 'art'. There is no pressure to use the art materials, sometimes just talking is enough.
07427 701087 View 07427 701087
Photo of Shan Merchant, Counsellor, MA, MUKCP
Shan Merchant
Counsellor, MA, MUKCP
Ilkley LS29
Do you feel devastated after an affair, or trapped in the hurt and mistrust that followed? I provide specialist couples counselling for partners facing the hardest challenges - betrayal, sex & intimacy that’s vanished, the same fight on repeat, or the complexities of neurodiverse or poly relationships. By the time people find me, they’ve usually tried everything else. My style is structured, direct, and designed to create change. One couple put it this way: “When all hope was lost, Shan’s help and guidance enabled us to reconnect and be stronger than we have ever been".
Do you feel devastated after an affair, or trapped in the hurt and mistrust that followed? I provide specialist couples counselling for partners facing the hardest challenges - betrayal, sex & intimacy that’s vanished, the same fight on repeat, or the complexities of neurodiverse or poly relationships. By the time people find me, they’ve usually tried everything else. My style is structured, direct, and designed to create change. One couple put it this way: “When all hope was lost, Shan’s help and guidance enabled us to reconnect and be stronger than we have ever been".
01274 019974 View 01274 019974
Photo of Sarah Hughes, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Sarah Hughes
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Ilkley LS29
Hi, I’m Sarah. Sometimes in life we can feel overwhelmed, stuck, scared, angry, sad, frustrated. These emotions, and others, can feel like they are taking over, causing distress and difficulties. If you are thinking you might like some help and support to talk about your thoughts, feelings and experiences, I above all offer kindness, care, compassion and a listening ear.
Hi, I’m Sarah. Sometimes in life we can feel overwhelmed, stuck, scared, angry, sad, frustrated. These emotions, and others, can feel like they are taking over, causing distress and difficulties. If you are thinking you might like some help and support to talk about your thoughts, feelings and experiences, I above all offer kindness, care, compassion and a listening ear.
01729 810645 View 01729 810645
Photo of Clare Eaton - Eaton Psychotherapy, Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Eaton Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Ilkley LS29
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
Are you struggling with anxiety or low mood? Are you having difficult and intrusive thoughts that are interfering with your day to day life and making it hard for you to focus or enjoy things? Have you been through a traumatic experience that is impacting your life in the here and now that you are struggling to process? I would love to work with you to help you to overcome the difficulty that you are having.
01943 661900 View 01943 661900
Photo of Gill Iley, Counsellor, BACP
Gill Iley
Counsellor, BACP
Ilkley LS29
Hello and Welcome. Talking to someone should be one of the easiest things to do. But when it comes to emotions and feelings these can get stuck and tangled, making it difficult to communicate. My name is Gill and I have been a counsellor for over 17 years and have extensive experience working with clients, suffering losses and bereavement. I provide a clear space for people to explore and sit safely with where they are at. The positive environment I create allows you to seek your own conclusions maintaining your autonomy. I have held many clients of all ages struggling with loss, anxiety, bereavement and relationship difficulties.
Hello and Welcome. Talking to someone should be one of the easiest things to do. But when it comes to emotions and feelings these can get stuck and tangled, making it difficult to communicate. My name is Gill and I have been a counsellor for over 17 years and have extensive experience working with clients, suffering losses and bereavement. I provide a clear space for people to explore and sit safely with where they are at. The positive environment I create allows you to seek your own conclusions maintaining your autonomy. I have held many clients of all ages struggling with loss, anxiety, bereavement and relationship difficulties.
01473 943022 View 01473 943022
Photo of Elizabeth Robinson, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Elizabeth Robinson
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Ilkley LS29
I am an Accredited Counsellor/Psychotherapist, Couple counsellor, Family counsellor - adults only - and Clinical Supervisor. I have over 20 years experience working and training within a variety of organisations. Counselling:- Work with adults 18 and above in an integrative way ,draw upon different models to suite you. Clinical Supervision is a crucial component for both trainee and qualified Counsellors ensuring client welfare and promoting professional growth . Couple and family counselling:- Work with Couples , families adults I.E , Mum and Daughter/Son , Father Daughter/Son, Sister, Brothers in area LS16 /LS29
I am an Accredited Counsellor/Psychotherapist, Couple counsellor, Family counsellor - adults only - and Clinical Supervisor. I have over 20 years experience working and training within a variety of organisations. Counselling:- Work with adults 18 and above in an integrative way ,draw upon different models to suite you. Clinical Supervision is a crucial component for both trainee and qualified Counsellors ensuring client welfare and promoting professional growth . Couple and family counselling:- Work with Couples , families adults I.E , Mum and Daughter/Son , Father Daughter/Son, Sister, Brothers in area LS16 /LS29
01535 288014 View 01535 288014
Photo of Zoe Lamming, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Zoe Lamming
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
5 Endorsed
Ilkley LS29
My style is warm, compassionate, inquisitive and directional. I offer short-long term therapy, REWIND technique for trauma, and also Single Session Therapy (to empower the client immediately). I work face to face, outdoor or online. I can help with anxiety/stress management, processing a painful loss, improving your relationship with self and/or others or dealing with a past trauma or current ADHD symptoms. I work with older teens, and all adults and encourage a holistic view to mental health which includes importance of sleep, diet and exercise. Prior to becoming a therapist, I held various senior roles in big business.
My style is warm, compassionate, inquisitive and directional. I offer short-long term therapy, REWIND technique for trauma, and also Single Session Therapy (to empower the client immediately). I work face to face, outdoor or online. I can help with anxiety/stress management, processing a painful loss, improving your relationship with self and/or others or dealing with a past trauma or current ADHD symptoms. I work with older teens, and all adults and encourage a holistic view to mental health which includes importance of sleep, diet and exercise. Prior to becoming a therapist, I held various senior roles in big business.
01943 661595 View 01943 661595
Photo of Sara Crawshaw, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Sara Crawshaw
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Ilkley LS29
I am the Director of The Grove Counselling & Psychotherapy Practice in Ilkley, an experienced individual and couples therapist with a specific interest in generalised anxiety. Fundamental to my practice is the relationship between the therapist and the client and I therefore endeavour to cultivate a supportive, non-judgemental and empathic relationship.
I am the Director of The Grove Counselling & Psychotherapy Practice in Ilkley, an experienced individual and couples therapist with a specific interest in generalised anxiety. Fundamental to my practice is the relationship between the therapist and the client and I therefore endeavour to cultivate a supportive, non-judgemental and empathic relationship.
01943 661355 View 01943 661355

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Ilkley

40+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Ilkley who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
84% Self Esteem
82% Stress
80% Depression
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Bereavement
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aviva
69% AXA PPP
46% Bupa

How Counsellors in Ilkley see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Ilkley?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.