Counselling in Haverhill

Photo of Gill Wilson, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Gill Wilson
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Haverhill CB9
Couples and individuals are welcome. Perhaps you lack self-esteem, self-worth or have never felt good enough. Does life have little meaning and you don’t understand why? Maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed, not knowing who you really are. We will work together, in a safe and confidential space to explore what has made you, you, and how things might have to change to get you to where you want to be. This can be on a practical, emotional or spiritual level - or any combination. Together, let’s remove the fear and help you move forward to reach your potential and a sense of finally being ‘good enough'. The ‘true you’. Are you ready?
Couples and individuals are welcome. Perhaps you lack self-esteem, self-worth or have never felt good enough. Does life have little meaning and you don’t understand why? Maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed, not knowing who you really are. We will work together, in a safe and confidential space to explore what has made you, you, and how things might have to change to get you to where you want to be. This can be on a practical, emotional or spiritual level - or any combination. Together, let’s remove the fear and help you move forward to reach your potential and a sense of finally being ‘good enough'. The ‘true you’. Are you ready?
01440 847741 View 01440 847741
Photo of Louise Barr, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Louise Barr
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
My aim within my work is to listen, support & help my clients to reach more of their potential by increasing their levels of self awareness of their feelings, thoughts & behaviours. With compassion, patience, empathy & a non-judgmental approach, I provide a warm & safe space for my clients. It is my hope, & my reason for becoming a counsellor, that from the seeds that are sown in the therapeutic work, grow hope, self-love & self development & that the effects ripple on for my clients throughout their life journey.
My aim within my work is to listen, support & help my clients to reach more of their potential by increasing their levels of self awareness of their feelings, thoughts & behaviours. With compassion, patience, empathy & a non-judgmental approach, I provide a warm & safe space for my clients. It is my hope, & my reason for becoming a counsellor, that from the seeds that are sown in the therapeutic work, grow hope, self-love & self development & that the effects ripple on for my clients throughout their life journey.
01440 840627 View 01440 840627
Photo of Glenda Wood, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Glenda Wood
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Haverhill CB9
I offer a safe and confidential environment in which you can explore, understand and work through your problems. I am able to assist you with a wide range of issues such as: stress, anxiety, bereavement, trauma, abuse, self defeating behaviours and addictions, anger, relationship issues, and much more. I work with adolescents and adults of any age and support you without judgement on your counselling journey.
I offer a safe and confidential environment in which you can explore, understand and work through your problems. I am able to assist you with a wide range of issues such as: stress, anxiety, bereavement, trauma, abuse, self defeating behaviours and addictions, anger, relationship issues, and much more. I work with adolescents and adults of any age and support you without judgement on your counselling journey.
07480 533594 View 07480 533594
Photo of Shelley Thurgood, MBACP, Counsellor
Shelley Thurgood
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
Hello, my name is Shelley, and I am an Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor. There are times in life when you may experience feeling overwhelmed, lost and alone due to life difficulties and personal life events. I understand it can often feel daunting to face this journey alone. Therefore, during these times, I offer a safe, empathic and non-judgemental space where you can explore any life challenges you may be experiencing.
Hello, my name is Shelley, and I am an Integrative Psychotherapeutic Counsellor. There are times in life when you may experience feeling overwhelmed, lost and alone due to life difficulties and personal life events. I understand it can often feel daunting to face this journey alone. Therefore, during these times, I offer a safe, empathic and non-judgemental space where you can explore any life challenges you may be experiencing.
01223 679735 View 01223 679735
Photo of Edward Safo - New waves CBT, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
New waves CBT
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
I have 25 years working in mental health. I use predominately CBT but also use elements of third wave therapies, which are therapies that have evolved from CBT. These include: Dialectical Behavioural Therapy; Acceptance and commitment therapy; Meta cognitive therapy; Compassionate based therapy; Mindfulness; General Meta Formulation. I am the creator and founder of the CBT approach called the General Meta Formulation. This is an approach that stems from a range of cognitive and Behavioural Approaches. Training in Attentional Defect Hyperactive disorder (ADHD).
I have 25 years working in mental health. I use predominately CBT but also use elements of third wave therapies, which are therapies that have evolved from CBT. These include: Dialectical Behavioural Therapy; Acceptance and commitment therapy; Meta cognitive therapy; Compassionate based therapy; Mindfulness; General Meta Formulation. I am the creator and founder of the CBT approach called the General Meta Formulation. This is an approach that stems from a range of cognitive and Behavioural Approaches. Training in Attentional Defect Hyperactive disorder (ADHD).
01223 658327 View 01223 658327
Photo of Lee Bernard, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Lee Bernard
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
My specialism is the area of unconscious impulses, drives and processes; the part of the mind that leads to repeatedly doing the things that one does not want to do, and the disruption to positive progression in the things that one does want to do. Often, thinking, actions and behaviour can leave someone feeling confused, even bewildered which over time gives rise to extraordinary worries, compulsions obsessions, panic, anxiety, depression and can even manifest in the form of physical illness. Resolution brings about inner peace, contentment, clarity of thought, improved decision making, self esteem and confidence.
My specialism is the area of unconscious impulses, drives and processes; the part of the mind that leads to repeatedly doing the things that one does not want to do, and the disruption to positive progression in the things that one does want to do. Often, thinking, actions and behaviour can leave someone feeling confused, even bewildered which over time gives rise to extraordinary worries, compulsions obsessions, panic, anxiety, depression and can even manifest in the form of physical illness. Resolution brings about inner peace, contentment, clarity of thought, improved decision making, self esteem and confidence.
01371 708259 View 01371 708259
Photo of Rachael Collier, BPC, Psychotherapist
Rachael Collier
Psychotherapist, BPC
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
We all deserve to have a life that we feel secure in and a future that we can look forward to. But in reality there are times when this simply isn't the case. And so we seek therapy. It might be for help with overwhelming feelings of anxiety and depression. Or a little nagging voice at the back of the mind that says that now is the right time to talk to someone.  Or something quite clear and traumatic has happened. Therapy is somewhere you can come to talk, confidentially, about whatever it is that is affecting you.
We all deserve to have a life that we feel secure in and a future that we can look forward to. But in reality there are times when this simply isn't the case. And so we seek therapy. It might be for help with overwhelming feelings of anxiety and depression. Or a little nagging voice at the back of the mind that says that now is the right time to talk to someone.  Or something quite clear and traumatic has happened. Therapy is somewhere you can come to talk, confidentially, about whatever it is that is affecting you.
01284 331071 View 01284 331071
Photo of Jo Clarke, Counsellor
Jo Clarke
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
Hi I'm Jo. I understand that coming to counselling for the first time can be daunting. My warm and approachable nature, combined with my excellent listening skills, ensures that you will feel comfortable and heard. I am here to provide you with the space and support you need to explore any difficult feelings you may be experiencing. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or any other challenges, I am here to help. Together, we can work towards a brighter, more balanced future.
Hi I'm Jo. I understand that coming to counselling for the first time can be daunting. My warm and approachable nature, combined with my excellent listening skills, ensures that you will feel comfortable and heard. I am here to provide you with the space and support you need to explore any difficult feelings you may be experiencing. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or any other challenges, I am here to help. Together, we can work towards a brighter, more balanced future.
01799 619981 View 01799 619981
Photo of Denny Stranders, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Denny Stranders
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
I can provide counselling with a difference a blend of counselling, coaching and psycho-education. Counselling – gaining an understanding of you, what drives you, what you do, why and how this affects you. Coaching – looking at ways to move forward, gaining solutions for a new way ahead and psycho-education – understanding you in terms of the psychology (as well as) within your relationships and gaining insight into why you find yourself feeling and acting as you do (and possibly how this may affect others). I believe effective therapy means gaining an understanding of you.
I can provide counselling with a difference a blend of counselling, coaching and psycho-education. Counselling – gaining an understanding of you, what drives you, what you do, why and how this affects you. Coaching – looking at ways to move forward, gaining solutions for a new way ahead and psycho-education – understanding you in terms of the psychology (as well as) within your relationships and gaining insight into why you find yourself feeling and acting as you do (and possibly how this may affect others). I believe effective therapy means gaining an understanding of you.
01223 657658 View 01223 657658
Photo of Joe Winter, PhD, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Joe Winter
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Haverhill CB9
I am a Cambridge-based experienced Family and Systemic Psychotherapist, working with individuals, couples, families, and chosen families across the lifespan. My work is trauma-informed and explores possibilities and change in relationships. I aim to meet you wherever you are in your lives in a way that connects for you, working with you to foster hope and negotiate obstacles to connection, whatever you may be facing. From a starting point of shared humanity, I commit to showing up to build a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship as a foundation from which to explore your experiences in your important relationships.
I am a Cambridge-based experienced Family and Systemic Psychotherapist, working with individuals, couples, families, and chosen families across the lifespan. My work is trauma-informed and explores possibilities and change in relationships. I aim to meet you wherever you are in your lives in a way that connects for you, working with you to foster hope and negotiate obstacles to connection, whatever you may be facing. From a starting point of shared humanity, I commit to showing up to build a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship as a foundation from which to explore your experiences in your important relationships.
07498 212301 View 07498 212301
Photo of Anne Gisby, MBACP Snr. Accred, Counsellor
Anne Gisby
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
My counselling approach is Humanistic Integrative, EMDR is a specialised approach working simultaneously on mind, body and emotions, I integrate EMDR within my practice. Counselling and EMDR can offer an opportunity to make sense of the complex emotions impacting on your life. It can enable you to share experiences that others struggle to hear or don’t realise are worrying you. Our development as children, in particular our early relationships help shape us as adults. I have training and experience in Attachment Focused EMDR, an approach to work therapeutically with early losses, relational and developmental trauma.
My counselling approach is Humanistic Integrative, EMDR is a specialised approach working simultaneously on mind, body and emotions, I integrate EMDR within my practice. Counselling and EMDR can offer an opportunity to make sense of the complex emotions impacting on your life. It can enable you to share experiences that others struggle to hear or don’t realise are worrying you. Our development as children, in particular our early relationships help shape us as adults. I have training and experience in Attachment Focused EMDR, an approach to work therapeutically with early losses, relational and developmental trauma.
01283 372669 View 01283 372669
Photo of Nicola Harbridge, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Nicola Harbridge
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
I support people to make positive changes so they can heal, thrive and live fulfilling and meaningful lives. Its time to become the person you have always wanted to be! Discovering what is important for you as an individual and learning to identify and use your inner resources to cope in times of stress, anxiety, bereavement, depression and emotional upheaval such as divorce, redundancy or retirement are just a few of the benefits of counselling. Often just talking through a traumatic experience or difficult feelings with another person can be incredibly therapeutic and will empower you to reach your potential.
I support people to make positive changes so they can heal, thrive and live fulfilling and meaningful lives. Its time to become the person you have always wanted to be! Discovering what is important for you as an individual and learning to identify and use your inner resources to cope in times of stress, anxiety, bereavement, depression and emotional upheaval such as divorce, redundancy or retirement are just a few of the benefits of counselling. Often just talking through a traumatic experience or difficult feelings with another person can be incredibly therapeutic and will empower you to reach your potential.
01787 323756 View 01787 323756
Photo of Rachel Anderson, MBACP, Counsellor
Rachel Anderson
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Haverhill CB9
Now offering hypnotherapy based sessions. Life can be extremely challenging and you may feel like you need someone to talk to about your current or past experiences however, finding the right person to speak to can often bring about many questions. I hope that my short introduction and the information that follows, proves helpful in assisting you to make a decision about whether to contact me. I am a qualified counsellor working in Colchester and I am a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). As such, I abide by their ethical framework.
Now offering hypnotherapy based sessions. Life can be extremely challenging and you may feel like you need someone to talk to about your current or past experiences however, finding the right person to speak to can often bring about many questions. I hope that my short introduction and the information that follows, proves helpful in assisting you to make a decision about whether to contact me. I am a qualified counsellor working in Colchester and I am a registered member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). As such, I abide by their ethical framework.
01206 237336 View 01206 237336

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Gill Ryan, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Gill Ryan
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Saffron Walden CB11
I understand that undertaking Counselling can be daunting - uncovering difficult feelings can be overwhelming and painful. I strongly believe that every person should have the opportunity to live their best possible life and realise their true potential. This leads to improved relationships and a happier, more fulfilled life.
I understand that undertaking Counselling can be daunting - uncovering difficult feelings can be overwhelming and painful. I strongly believe that every person should have the opportunity to live their best possible life and realise their true potential. This leads to improved relationships and a happier, more fulfilled life.
07427 569070 View 07427 569070
Photo of Christine Barton, Counsellor
Christine Barton
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Saffron Walden CB11
I understand that to make that first call or email for counselling can be extremely difficult, the fact you’re here means you’ve taken the first step towards making positive changes in your life. Are you stuck, feeling lost or alone, afraid or upset? I aim to help you to make sense of your fears, worries and anxieties. Many people find it easier to talk to someone who they see as being separate to their life rather than friends or family. I can help you make sense of experiences of the past and resolve complicated feelings linked to these. Therapy can be used to better yourself, allowing you to take complete control of your life.
I understand that to make that first call or email for counselling can be extremely difficult, the fact you’re here means you’ve taken the first step towards making positive changes in your life. Are you stuck, feeling lost or alone, afraid or upset? I aim to help you to make sense of your fears, worries and anxieties. Many people find it easier to talk to someone who they see as being separate to their life rather than friends or family. I can help you make sense of experiences of the past and resolve complicated feelings linked to these. Therapy can be used to better yourself, allowing you to take complete control of your life.
07723 440410 View 07723 440410
Photo of Adrian Wilson-Smith, MBACP, Counsellor
Adrian Wilson-Smith
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Saffron Walden CB10
Is your relationship or marriage in the middle of a crisis or heading that way? Most of my work is in helping to save relationships ravaged by a variety of issues. My greatest skill is in listening to you, and helping you to understand yourself and your relationships in a way that suits you and the context. To do this, I work in a relational way with you, establishing a sense of trust in a safe therapeutic environment, that in turn will enable you to clarify just what it is that is happening with your troubled relationship. My own life experience, as well as my training provides me with the tools to walk with you at times of crisis.
Is your relationship or marriage in the middle of a crisis or heading that way? Most of my work is in helping to save relationships ravaged by a variety of issues. My greatest skill is in listening to you, and helping you to understand yourself and your relationships in a way that suits you and the context. To do this, I work in a relational way with you, establishing a sense of trust in a safe therapeutic environment, that in turn will enable you to clarify just what it is that is happening with your troubled relationship. My own life experience, as well as my training provides me with the tools to walk with you at times of crisis.
07831 656697 View 07831 656697
Photo of Janine Grant, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Janine Grant
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Linton CB21  (Online Only)
I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist working with people 18 years and over, to help them manage and overcome their emotional and mental health difficulties. Visiting this site was perhaps prompted by you starting to think about how to address some of the difficulties you may be experiencing. Life can be challenging and you may be reacting to a life situation such as work or relationship difficulties or you may have been struggling for sometime with the effects of trauma, OCD, anxiety, low self esteem. You may just feel anxious or depressed and do not know why.
I am a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist working with people 18 years and over, to help them manage and overcome their emotional and mental health difficulties. Visiting this site was perhaps prompted by you starting to think about how to address some of the difficulties you may be experiencing. Life can be challenging and you may be reacting to a life situation such as work or relationship difficulties or you may have been struggling for sometime with the effects of trauma, OCD, anxiety, low self esteem. You may just feel anxious or depressed and do not know why.
01787 322371 View 01787 322371
Photo of Helen Joy Neale, MBACP, Counsellor
Helen Joy Neale
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Saffron Walden CB10
It might feel like it is hard to talk to someone you have never met about your feelings, and life's difficulties. Perhaps you are feeling lost, and unable to move on? Or you are anxious, hurt, angry or depressed? It can bring both relief and acceptance to talk about past experiences, or future worries; to help make sense of them and to accept and grow. Therapy can help you find a way forward, at a time when you cannot see how to break through and feel more control of your emotions and experiences.
It might feel like it is hard to talk to someone you have never met about your feelings, and life's difficulties. Perhaps you are feeling lost, and unable to move on? Or you are anxious, hurt, angry or depressed? It can bring both relief and acceptance to talk about past experiences, or future worries; to help make sense of them and to accept and grow. Therapy can help you find a way forward, at a time when you cannot see how to break through and feel more control of your emotions and experiences.
01799 611291 View 01799 611291
Photo of Charmaine Dunmow Bsc.(Hons) Ukcp Accredited, Counsellor
Charmaine Dunmow Bsc.(Hons) Ukcp Accredited
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Saffron Walden CB11
Making the decision to come for counselling is the first step on the journey to discovering and understanding more about yourself, your relationships and your place in the world. I offer counselling and personal development on a medium or longer term basis in Saffron Walden in Essex. I enjoy working individually, with couples and with small groups.
Making the decision to come for counselling is the first step on the journey to discovering and understanding more about yourself, your relationships and your place in the world. I offer counselling and personal development on a medium or longer term basis in Saffron Walden in Essex. I enjoy working individually, with couples and with small groups.
01223 658837 View 01223 658837
Photo of Tanya Victoria Chapman, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Tanya Victoria Chapman
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Saffron Walden CB10  (Online Only)
Hello, I am an intergrative therapeutic counsellor; this means I am trained in several modalities, so I can taylor my approach to meet your individual needs. As Carl Jung said, "The shoe that fits one person pinches another; there is no universal recipe for living." The therapy I offer endaevours to empower you with tools and healthy coping mechanisms to manage your problems in the present, whilst simultaneously exploring the past to aid you with insight and self-knowledge to understand how you got here. I chiefly come from a Mental Health background, working with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and personality disorders.
Hello, I am an intergrative therapeutic counsellor; this means I am trained in several modalities, so I can taylor my approach to meet your individual needs. As Carl Jung said, "The shoe that fits one person pinches another; there is no universal recipe for living." The therapy I offer endaevours to empower you with tools and healthy coping mechanisms to manage your problems in the present, whilst simultaneously exploring the past to aid you with insight and self-knowledge to understand how you got here. I chiefly come from a Mental Health background, working with depression, anxiety, PTSD, and personality disorders.
01473 943669 View 01473 943669

See more therapy options for Haverhill

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Haverhill

10+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Haverhill who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
92% Self Esteem
85% Stress
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aviva
50% Bupa
33% Cigna and Evernorth

How Counsellors in Haverhill see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
23% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Haverhill?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.