Counselling in Groombridge

Photo of Lucy Parker, Counsellor, MBACP
Lucy Parker
Counsellor, MBACP
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming, and so therapy offers a light of clarity and calm —a place to be fully seen and heard. I specialise in Internal Family Systems (IFS), having trained to Level 2, which offers you a way to understand yourself better with compassion, creativity, and courage. Sessions help you heal from painful life events, accept things that cannot be changed, and reduce stress & anxiety, boosting your mood and energy levels. Together, we can explore your complex inner system and journey toward more acceptance, connection and confidence.
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming, and so therapy offers a light of clarity and calm —a place to be fully seen and heard. I specialise in Internal Family Systems (IFS), having trained to Level 2, which offers you a way to understand yourself better with compassion, creativity, and courage. Sessions help you heal from painful life events, accept things that cannot be changed, and reduce stress & anxiety, boosting your mood and energy levels. Together, we can explore your complex inner system and journey toward more acceptance, connection and confidence.
01892 571836 View 01892 571836

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jennifer Cornish, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Jennifer Cornish
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Hastings TN35
I am a fully accredited cognitive behavioural psychotherapist and psychodynamic counsellor. I have worked extensively in both the NHS and charitable sectors as a manager, supervisor and lecturer. I offer specialist interventions for both assessments and treatments. I work autonomously within the ethical guidelines of both the BABCP and the BACP. I offer therapy for depression and anxiety and related and co-morbid disorders. I am an empathic, caring and non judgemental therapist who is keen to support you to meet your goals and feel better. I am actively engaged in keeping up to date with developments in my field.
I am a fully accredited cognitive behavioural psychotherapist and psychodynamic counsellor. I have worked extensively in both the NHS and charitable sectors as a manager, supervisor and lecturer. I offer specialist interventions for both assessments and treatments. I work autonomously within the ethical guidelines of both the BABCP and the BACP. I offer therapy for depression and anxiety and related and co-morbid disorders. I am an empathic, caring and non judgemental therapist who is keen to support you to meet your goals and feel better. I am actively engaged in keeping up to date with developments in my field.
01622 322391 View 01622 322391
Photo of Gina Phillips, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Gina Phillips
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Online Only
I am an experienced BACP accredited counsellor with an Advanced Diploma in Integrative Counselling and a Post Graduate Certificate in CBT. I believe that the most important aspect of counselling is a strong therapeutic relationship between counsellor and client. I aim to provide a warm, safe, supportive, non-judgemental space, which allows you to challenge established ways of thinking and being. Working collaboratively I aim to help you evaluate your needs to gain a deeper understanding and practical tools to enable you to make empowered choices.
I am an experienced BACP accredited counsellor with an Advanced Diploma in Integrative Counselling and a Post Graduate Certificate in CBT. I believe that the most important aspect of counselling is a strong therapeutic relationship between counsellor and client. I aim to provide a warm, safe, supportive, non-judgemental space, which allows you to challenge established ways of thinking and being. Working collaboratively I aim to help you evaluate your needs to gain a deeper understanding and practical tools to enable you to make empowered choices.
020 4572 2995 View 020 4572 2995
Photo of Barbara Ann Akers - Ashford Relationship Therapy, Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Ashford Relationship Therapy
Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Ashford TN23
If you are an individual or part of a couple that have issues around your relationship, or sexual relationship then please do get in contact. Perhaps your relationship is currently in crisis and nothing has changed, or perhaps you want to seek some help now before it gets any worse. It isn't always easy to sort these matters out by yourself and Couples Therapy can help you get your relationship back on track. I also specialise in sexual issues and compulsive sexual behaviour, which can also negatively affect your relationship, and I can help you to identify what these issues are and work towards helping you change this.
If you are an individual or part of a couple that have issues around your relationship, or sexual relationship then please do get in contact. Perhaps your relationship is currently in crisis and nothing has changed, or perhaps you want to seek some help now before it gets any worse. It isn't always easy to sort these matters out by yourself and Couples Therapy can help you get your relationship back on track. I also specialise in sexual issues and compulsive sexual behaviour, which can also negatively affect your relationship, and I can help you to identify what these issues are and work towards helping you change this.
01233 800837 View 01233 800837
Photo of Michaela Dunbar - ADHD Clinic For Women | Dr Michaela Dunbar, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
ADHD Clinic For Women | Dr Michaela Dunbar
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
When you’re struggling with overthinking, poor focus, memory lapses, intense emotions, or decision fatigue, it can be hard to know what’s really going on.
When you’re struggling with overthinking, poor focus, memory lapses, intense emotions, or decision fatigue, it can be hard to know what’s really going on.
020 3002 7249 View 020 3002 7249
Photo of Dr Ivanka Ezhova, Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Ivanka Ezhova
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Croydon CR0
Hello and thank you for reading my bio. My name is Dr Ivanka Ezhova and I am a Registered Clinical Psychologist. I have 15 years extensive international experience of clinical practice, multidisciplinary research and education across the United Kingdom, France, and Bulgaria. I have worked in a number of clinical settings, including specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), acute in-patient care, primary and secondary care, and the private sector.
Hello and thank you for reading my bio. My name is Dr Ivanka Ezhova and I am a Registered Clinical Psychologist. I have 15 years extensive international experience of clinical practice, multidisciplinary research and education across the United Kingdom, France, and Bulgaria. I have worked in a number of clinical settings, including specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), acute in-patient care, primary and secondary care, and the private sector.
01798 305160 View 01798 305160
Photo of Dr Fabio Massaro, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Fabio Massaro
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
I am a warm and friendly Clinical Psychologist with specialist experience in complex mental health difficulties in adolescents and adults (such as, anxiety, self-harm, low mood, trauma-related problems, low self-esteem, and social isolation). Over the past 11 years I have worked in a number of NHS and non-NHS settings including, child and adolescent generic and specialist services (CAMHS) and adult community and inpatient services, providing specialist assessments and evidence-based treatment to neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals who were at risk.
I am a warm and friendly Clinical Psychologist with specialist experience in complex mental health difficulties in adolescents and adults (such as, anxiety, self-harm, low mood, trauma-related problems, low self-esteem, and social isolation). Over the past 11 years I have worked in a number of NHS and non-NHS settings including, child and adolescent generic and specialist services (CAMHS) and adult community and inpatient services, providing specialist assessments and evidence-based treatment to neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals who were at risk.
07774 721107 View 07774 721107
Photo of Kathryn Budd, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Kathryn Budd
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
I am passionate about supporting my clients through their mental health journeys. My approach is warm, approachable, and empathetic, fostering a safe space for collaboration and growth. I believe in the power of a strong therapeutic relationship, and I strive to empower my clients to develop practical strategies that lead to meaningful change. With more than a decade of experience in the NHS, I have spent the last five years working in an NHS talking therapies service and most recently in a specialist NHS anxiety service with a particular focus on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
I am passionate about supporting my clients through their mental health journeys. My approach is warm, approachable, and empathetic, fostering a safe space for collaboration and growth. I believe in the power of a strong therapeutic relationship, and I strive to empower my clients to develop practical strategies that lead to meaningful change. With more than a decade of experience in the NHS, I have spent the last five years working in an NHS talking therapies service and most recently in a specialist NHS anxiety service with a particular focus on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
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Photo of Tom Stonebridge, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Tom Stonebridge
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Hastings TN34
If you’re reading this, I’m guessing things aren’t feeling quite ‘right’ in your life at the moment. Perhaps you’re struggling with some difficult thoughts or feelings. Perhaps you’ve hit a fork in the road and you’re unsure which way to go. Perhaps you’re not really sure what ‘it’ is that needs to change. I believe that opening up and sharing your concerns with someone who is trained to listen and respond to you, is the first step in working through them. While counselling can’t remove the challenging experiences that you're facing, it can help to empower you so you can move through them with strength and purpose.
If you’re reading this, I’m guessing things aren’t feeling quite ‘right’ in your life at the moment. Perhaps you’re struggling with some difficult thoughts or feelings. Perhaps you’ve hit a fork in the road and you’re unsure which way to go. Perhaps you’re not really sure what ‘it’ is that needs to change. I believe that opening up and sharing your concerns with someone who is trained to listen and respond to you, is the first step in working through them. While counselling can’t remove the challenging experiences that you're facing, it can help to empower you so you can move through them with strength and purpose.
01424 238968 View 01424 238968
Photo of Dr Ria Talwar, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Ria Talwar
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Starting therapy can sometimes be a daunting experience. Our first session will be an opportunity for us to get to know each other. You can consider whether I am the right fit for you, and we can explore your goals and motivations for therapy, creating a collaborative plan for potentially working together. With lots of space for any questions you may have! I hold a strong desire to create space for individuals to share their voices, to feel seen and to be heard. Alongside my professional knowledge, I hope to draw from my personal journey to inspire warmth, authenticity, and connection within the therapeutic relationship we build.
Starting therapy can sometimes be a daunting experience. Our first session will be an opportunity for us to get to know each other. You can consider whether I am the right fit for you, and we can explore your goals and motivations for therapy, creating a collaborative plan for potentially working together. With lots of space for any questions you may have! I hold a strong desire to create space for individuals to share their voices, to feel seen and to be heard. Alongside my professional knowledge, I hope to draw from my personal journey to inspire warmth, authenticity, and connection within the therapeutic relationship we build.
020 4572 2323 View 020 4572 2323
Photo of Morag Shrafeddin, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Morag Shrafeddin
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I am an experienced integrative counsellor and psychotherapist specifically trained to work with children and young people and a teacher with 20 years' experience in both primary and secondary schools. I am also a family counsellor in training to support families through communication struggles, conflict resolution, parenting issues and emotional well-being. I am dedicated to supporting children and young people with their emotional well-being and personal growth. As a family counsellor in training, I can help with relationship struggles, adolescent issues, or improving overall family dynamics.
I am an experienced integrative counsellor and psychotherapist specifically trained to work with children and young people and a teacher with 20 years' experience in both primary and secondary schools. I am also a family counsellor in training to support families through communication struggles, conflict resolution, parenting issues and emotional well-being. I am dedicated to supporting children and young people with their emotional well-being and personal growth. As a family counsellor in training, I can help with relationship struggles, adolescent issues, or improving overall family dynamics.
020 3815 9368 View 020 3815 9368
Photo of Dr Ollie Hawthorne, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Ollie Hawthorne
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
3 Endorsed
London SE22
I am a highly trained and registered clinical psychologist, with 14 years of experience in the NHS. Most of the people I see come because they are feeling unsatisfied with their life, are struggling to meet their expectations of themselves, or are finding that anxiety or depression is getting in the way of work or relationships. Some come because they just want to understand themselves better. My aim is to help you understand what is stuck and, in doing so, help you to feel more free to live life as you would choose.
I am a highly trained and registered clinical psychologist, with 14 years of experience in the NHS. Most of the people I see come because they are feeling unsatisfied with their life, are struggling to meet their expectations of themselves, or are finding that anxiety or depression is getting in the way of work or relationships. Some come because they just want to understand themselves better. My aim is to help you understand what is stuck and, in doing so, help you to feel more free to live life as you would choose.
020 4524 3140 View 020 4524 3140
Photo of Samantha Richardson, Counsellor, MBACP
Samantha Richardson
Counsellor, MBACP
Feeling nobody quite "Gets YOU?" Impulsive, unmotivated, head spiriling, ruminating, masking due to ADHD/ASD? Drugs or alcohol used to self medicate, relax or cope with stress but now noticed its getting out of control? Anxiety, panic attacks, intrusive thoughts starting to control your life but not sure the trigger? Or do you just have a sense something is wrong but struggle to open up or express how you feel to your partner, family or friends? The beauty of talking to a counsellor is I am neutral and independent of your situation which can make it easier to open up and explore your feelings and thoughts.
Feeling nobody quite "Gets YOU?" Impulsive, unmotivated, head spiriling, ruminating, masking due to ADHD/ASD? Drugs or alcohol used to self medicate, relax or cope with stress but now noticed its getting out of control? Anxiety, panic attacks, intrusive thoughts starting to control your life but not sure the trigger? Or do you just have a sense something is wrong but struggle to open up or express how you feel to your partner, family or friends? The beauty of talking to a counsellor is I am neutral and independent of your situation which can make it easier to open up and explore your feelings and thoughts.
01634 557411 View 01634 557411
Photo of Violeta Farcas, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Violeta Farcas
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
I am a BABCP accredited CBT Psychotherapist with vast experience in working with people from all backgrounds. Whatever problem keeps you stuck, anxious, fearful, depressed and you feel like you cannot move forward in your life, there is always a solution. I always say that the solution to any problem is to be found in the problem itself.
I am a BABCP accredited CBT Psychotherapist with vast experience in working with people from all backgrounds. Whatever problem keeps you stuck, anxious, fearful, depressed and you feel like you cannot move forward in your life, there is always a solution. I always say that the solution to any problem is to be found in the problem itself.
020 4538 2451 View 020 4538 2451
Photo of Nadia Wilkinson, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Nadia Wilkinson
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
London SW18
Are you dealing with a loss, major change in your life or a new autism, ADHD or cancer diagnosis? Are you overwhelmed by recent or past trauma or by a current relationship? Are you experiencing family difficulties or realising your values are different from the ones you grew up with? At some points in our lives we all need extra support and this is nothing to feel ashamed of, in fact asking for help is one of the best ways to care for yourself. I offer a warm and empathic approach. This will enable you to explore, with support, painful feelings, past experiences and stuck patterns of behaviour that may be holding you back.
Are you dealing with a loss, major change in your life or a new autism, ADHD or cancer diagnosis? Are you overwhelmed by recent or past trauma or by a current relationship? Are you experiencing family difficulties or realising your values are different from the ones you grew up with? At some points in our lives we all need extra support and this is nothing to feel ashamed of, in fact asking for help is one of the best ways to care for yourself. I offer a warm and empathic approach. This will enable you to explore, with support, painful feelings, past experiences and stuck patterns of behaviour that may be holding you back.
020 3838 0855 View 020 3838 0855
Photo of Scott Houston, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Scott Houston
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
Hello, I'm Scott, a Psychosexual & Relationship therapist committed to helping individuals & couples navigate life's challenges. Whether you're dealing with psychosexual concerns, relationship difficulties, mental health or LGBTQI+ issues, I'm here to offer compassionate support tailored to your needs. In our sessions, you'll find a safe, confidential space where empathy & understanding take centre stage. Together, we will explore your thoughts, emotions, relationships, family history, and any past traumas, aiming to uncover the roots of your distress. My goal is to help you find relief & empower you to regain control of your life.
Hello, I'm Scott, a Psychosexual & Relationship therapist committed to helping individuals & couples navigate life's challenges. Whether you're dealing with psychosexual concerns, relationship difficulties, mental health or LGBTQI+ issues, I'm here to offer compassionate support tailored to your needs. In our sessions, you'll find a safe, confidential space where empathy & understanding take centre stage. Together, we will explore your thoughts, emotions, relationships, family history, and any past traumas, aiming to uncover the roots of your distress. My goal is to help you find relief & empower you to regain control of your life.
020 3667 1672 View 020 3667 1672
Photo of Mihaela Popp, MA
Mihaela Popp
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome to my page! I am passionate to help and guide people to find solutions to their difficulties, to make helpful changes and live a meaningful and joyful life. I work with ADULTS with depression, anxiety, panic attack, burnout, stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, domestic abuse, trauma, anger management, transition life. I can help you to create believes to support your recovering and healing process. I work with CHILDREN with autism, ADHD, learning difficulties, emotional/behavioural issues and help them to improve self-esteem, confidence, assertiveness, to increase their attention spam.
Welcome to my page! I am passionate to help and guide people to find solutions to their difficulties, to make helpful changes and live a meaningful and joyful life. I work with ADULTS with depression, anxiety, panic attack, burnout, stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, domestic abuse, trauma, anger management, transition life. I can help you to create believes to support your recovering and healing process. I work with CHILDREN with autism, ADHD, learning difficulties, emotional/behavioural issues and help them to improve self-esteem, confidence, assertiveness, to increase their attention spam.
01260 541231 View 01260 541231
Photo of Danielle Frake, Counsellor, MBACP
Danielle Frake
Counsellor, MBACP
Sevenoaks TN14
I help women who are trying to hold everything together, yet running on empty inside. Often feeling anxious, exhausted, or like they’ve lost touch with themselves beneath all the doing. They may struggle to slow down, set boundaries, or find balance between responsibility and self-care. Therapy offers space to understand recurring patterns, manage stress more effectively, and reconnect with a sense of calm, confidence, and authenticity in their daily lives.
I help women who are trying to hold everything together, yet running on empty inside. Often feeling anxious, exhausted, or like they’ve lost touch with themselves beneath all the doing. They may struggle to slow down, set boundaries, or find balance between responsibility and self-care. Therapy offers space to understand recurring patterns, manage stress more effectively, and reconnect with a sense of calm, confidence, and authenticity in their daily lives.
01732 446187 View 01732 446187
Photo of Jeremy Gordon, Counsellor, MBACP
Jeremy Gordon
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
London SW2
I know from experience that it can be hard to know where to start, and to take the first step. Especially if feeling uncertain, vulnerable or anxious. I welcome you to contact me for an initial chat. We can figure things out from there.
I know from experience that it can be hard to know where to start, and to take the first step. Especially if feeling uncertain, vulnerable or anxious. I welcome you to contact me for an initial chat. We can figure things out from there.
020 3912 7477 View 020 3912 7477
Photo of Samuel Christmas - Connecting Minds, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Connecting Minds
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
Connecting Minds are a collective of highly qualified and experienced psychological practitioners including Consultant Clinical and Counselling Psychologists and psychotherapists. We are dedicated to helping people of all ages improve their wellbeing. We come from a diverse range of background professions and specialities and have all worked for a minimum of ten years within NHS statutory services. Through connecting with each other, pooling our expertise and resources we can better support your unique therapy journey. We pride ourselves on the ability to provide a range of services in a timely and compassionate manner.
Connecting Minds are a collective of highly qualified and experienced psychological practitioners including Consultant Clinical and Counselling Psychologists and psychotherapists. We are dedicated to helping people of all ages improve their wellbeing. We come from a diverse range of background professions and specialities and have all worked for a minimum of ten years within NHS statutory services. Through connecting with each other, pooling our expertise and resources we can better support your unique therapy journey. We pride ourselves on the ability to provide a range of services in a timely and compassionate manner.
01562 546794 View 01562 546794

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Groombridge

< 10

Counsellors in Groombridge who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% ADHD
100% Chronic Pain
100% Life Coaching

Average years in practice

3 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Groombridge see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Groombridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.