Counselling in Exeter

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Photo of Tash Thomas-Still, Counsellor, MBACP
Tash Thomas-Still
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
You may feel weighed down by trauma, grief, anxiety, or the impact of painful experiences that feel too heavy to carry alone. Perhaps you’re a survivor of abuse or violence, living with chronic illness, or struggling with relationships and self-worth. You may long for relief, understanding, and a supportive space where every part of you is accepted. Maybe you want to make sense of your story, process difficult memories, or discover new ways of coping. Together, we can explore your experiences, honour your strengths, and move toward clarity, resilience, renewed hope, and meaningful new possibilities for the future.
You may feel weighed down by trauma, grief, anxiety, or the impact of painful experiences that feel too heavy to carry alone. Perhaps you’re a survivor of abuse or violence, living with chronic illness, or struggling with relationships and self-worth. You may long for relief, understanding, and a supportive space where every part of you is accepted. Maybe you want to make sense of your story, process difficult memories, or discover new ways of coping. Together, we can explore your experiences, honour your strengths, and move toward clarity, resilience, renewed hope, and meaningful new possibilities for the future.
01392 542868 View 01392 542868
Photo of Audaye Elesedy, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Audaye Elesedy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Exeter EX4
Waitlist for new clients
Often, the reasons given to me for arriving to therapy are feature one or more of the following: anxiety, depression, sadness, self confidence, life changing illnesses, self identity, early childhood, past or present relationships, bereavements, traumatic experiences, injury and mental health diagnosis. How these issues and difficult feelings manifest in people's lives are unique and so 'reasons' may be identified as problems or difficulties with: addictions; work; intimate or family relationships; children and parenting; personal or spiritual identity, or something existential. Therapy offers to solute and salve these issues.
Often, the reasons given to me for arriving to therapy are feature one or more of the following: anxiety, depression, sadness, self confidence, life changing illnesses, self identity, early childhood, past or present relationships, bereavements, traumatic experiences, injury and mental health diagnosis. How these issues and difficult feelings manifest in people's lives are unique and so 'reasons' may be identified as problems or difficulties with: addictions; work; intimate or family relationships; children and parenting; personal or spiritual identity, or something existential. Therapy offers to solute and salve these issues.
01392 321528 View 01392 321528
Photo of Sharon Letten - Sharon Letten (Psychotherapist & Supervisor), Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Through my lived experience & training (ADHD, trauma, loss, menopause & attachment issues), I understand how difficult it is to reach out. I use a relational approach - helping to meet your individual & couple needs. I will work alongside you, helping you to navigate your way through life's challenges. Perhaps you just want to talk in a safe environment or need support to make changes? I work holistically with adults, teens & couples in a caring and non-judgmental way, covering a range of issues which can significantly impact on our relationships with ourselves and others.
Through my lived experience & training (ADHD, trauma, loss, menopause & attachment issues), I understand how difficult it is to reach out. I use a relational approach - helping to meet your individual & couple needs. I will work alongside you, helping you to navigate your way through life's challenges. Perhaps you just want to talk in a safe environment or need support to make changes? I work holistically with adults, teens & couples in a caring and non-judgmental way, covering a range of issues which can significantly impact on our relationships with ourselves and others.
01392 321450 View 01392 321450
Photo of Dr Rebecca Chasey, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Rebecca Chasey
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
4 Endorsed
Exeter EX1
Not accepting new clients
Does this sound familiar? You've always been the strong one, the 'coper', but now you're feeling overwhelmed. You feel constantly on high alert, anxious & struggle to relax, battling your body & your Self. Maybe you're struggling with physical pain, ill-health, long-term conditions or medical challenges. Or maybe you're trying to pick yourself up after a difficult experience in life has knocked you down. You're feeling burnt out, exhausted & distressed with how things have changed. You push on, but whatever you do, it never feels enough. Deep inside a voice is whispering that something needs to change. You don't have to be alone-
Does this sound familiar? You've always been the strong one, the 'coper', but now you're feeling overwhelmed. You feel constantly on high alert, anxious & struggle to relax, battling your body & your Self. Maybe you're struggling with physical pain, ill-health, long-term conditions or medical challenges. Or maybe you're trying to pick yourself up after a difficult experience in life has knocked you down. You're feeling burnt out, exhausted & distressed with how things have changed. You push on, but whatever you do, it never feels enough. Deep inside a voice is whispering that something needs to change. You don't have to be alone-
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Photo of Karen Hedges, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Karen Hedges
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX2
Hello, I'm Karen. If you are looking for ways to make positive changes and move forward with your life, I can help you. I'm experienced in working alongside a range of people, and have a particular interest in helping people who may have ADHD (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder) or be on the autistic spectrum. If you feel that your emotions, thoughts and behaviours are not serving you well, then I will help you to understand them so that you can identify what needs to change. Using approaches to suit you, I'll support you to overcome your difficulties.
Hello, I'm Karen. If you are looking for ways to make positive changes and move forward with your life, I can help you. I'm experienced in working alongside a range of people, and have a particular interest in helping people who may have ADHD (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder) or be on the autistic spectrum. If you feel that your emotions, thoughts and behaviours are not serving you well, then I will help you to understand them so that you can identify what needs to change. Using approaches to suit you, I'll support you to overcome your difficulties.
01392 690594 View 01392 690594
Photo of Lara Tucker - Lara Tucker Counselling and Supervision, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, have low self esteem, self doubt and confidence issues which are affecting your day to day life, relationships or work. It doesn't matter who we are, what age, positions or roles we have, we all struggle for a variety of reasons during our lives. Therapy enables us to be fully heard and understood, safely and without judgement. To explore and get to the heart of why we feel the way we do, to heal the wounds or struggles we carry around with us and to establish helpful tools and techniques to enable us to change unhelpful and often debilitating patterns we are stuck in.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, have low self esteem, self doubt and confidence issues which are affecting your day to day life, relationships or work. It doesn't matter who we are, what age, positions or roles we have, we all struggle for a variety of reasons during our lives. Therapy enables us to be fully heard and understood, safely and without judgement. To explore and get to the heart of why we feel the way we do, to heal the wounds or struggles we carry around with us and to establish helpful tools and techniques to enable us to change unhelpful and often debilitating patterns we are stuck in.
01392 573809 View 01392 573809
Photo of Charlotte Dinnis, Counsellor, MBACP
Charlotte Dinnis
Counsellor, MBACP
Exeter EX4
Hello — I’m Charlotte Dinnis, an integrative counsellor based in Exeter offering face-to-face and online therapy. You may be feeling anxious, stressed, or stuck in repetitive cycles, or struggling with your relationship with yourself — especially your body or food. I provide a compassionate, non-judgemental space where you can be heard, understood, and supported as you explore what’s happening and find a way forward at your own pace
Hello — I’m Charlotte Dinnis, an integrative counsellor based in Exeter offering face-to-face and online therapy. You may be feeling anxious, stressed, or stuck in repetitive cycles, or struggling with your relationship with yourself — especially your body or food. I provide a compassionate, non-judgemental space where you can be heard, understood, and supported as you explore what’s happening and find a way forward at your own pace
01392 542452 View 01392 542452
Photo of Charlotte Ferns, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Charlotte Ferns
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX6
I believe in the transformative power of being truly heard and reaching greater understanding, with someone who meets you with kindness. So whatever it is that brings you to therapy, I hope we will build a trusting relationship where you feel free to explore things openly together. I am pleased to offer walking and nature therapy - this is a usual psychotherapy session but outdoors in a natural setting.
I believe in the transformative power of being truly heard and reaching greater understanding, with someone who meets you with kindness. So whatever it is that brings you to therapy, I hope we will build a trusting relationship where you feel free to explore things openly together. I am pleased to offer walking and nature therapy - this is a usual psychotherapy session but outdoors in a natural setting.
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Photo of Henry Averill, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Henry Averill
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Exeter EX4
Psychodynamic psychotherapy can help you to make lasting changes to your relationships and emotional well-being. Some aspects of the mind are unconscious and come from patterns established in our early life of which we are unaware. They nevertheless exert a powerful influence on what we think, feel and do, even if it is against our best interests.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy can help you to make lasting changes to your relationships and emotional well-being. Some aspects of the mind are unconscious and come from patterns established in our early life of which we are unaware. They nevertheless exert a powerful influence on what we think, feel and do, even if it is against our best interests.
01392 542787 View 01392 542787
Photo of Owain Hadden - Owain Hadden Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Owain Hadden Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Exeter EX1
When you're facing difficulties, having someone to talk to can make a huge difference. I offer a supportive, friendly space for you to explore what you're going through. To process, vent , problem solve or make changes. If you're not sure what you need, we can figure that out together too and find a way to make things feel lighter and freer. I am a warm, welcoming person who helps you to be yourself, without feeling judged. I am someone who really listens, tries to understand what you're going through, and shows that I care. It's really important that you feel safe and comfortable talking with me.
When you're facing difficulties, having someone to talk to can make a huge difference. I offer a supportive, friendly space for you to explore what you're going through. To process, vent , problem solve or make changes. If you're not sure what you need, we can figure that out together too and find a way to make things feel lighter and freer. I am a warm, welcoming person who helps you to be yourself, without feeling judged. I am someone who really listens, tries to understand what you're going through, and shows that I care. It's really important that you feel safe and comfortable talking with me.
01572 491359 View 01572 491359
Photo of Fiona Gill, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Fiona Gill
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Exeter EX1
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist with over 25 years experience working in the NHS. I specialise in providing psychological therapy and support to autistic and neurodivergent adults and adults with intellectual disability. I have extensive experience supporting people adjusting to a new autism diagnosis, manage feelings of burnout, anxiety, low mood, trauma or loneliness. My aim is to empower people to achieve an improved sense of wellbeing and develop strategies that equip them to achieve their goals in life. Where relevant I also work with families and carers to support them to understand the needs of the person they support.
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist with over 25 years experience working in the NHS. I specialise in providing psychological therapy and support to autistic and neurodivergent adults and adults with intellectual disability. I have extensive experience supporting people adjusting to a new autism diagnosis, manage feelings of burnout, anxiety, low mood, trauma or loneliness. My aim is to empower people to achieve an improved sense of wellbeing and develop strategies that equip them to achieve their goals in life. Where relevant I also work with families and carers to support them to understand the needs of the person they support.
01572 491496 View 01572 491496
Photo of Dr Agnieszka Agnes Zalewska - Dr Agnieszka (Agnes) Zalewska, Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapist, PhD, BPC
I am an accredited psychoanalytic psychotherapist, training psychoanalytic psychotherapist approved by the leading providers of training in psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, and a supervisor. I offer a non-judgmental space to talk and think, for how long it is needed, with the minimum frequency of 1-3 sessions per week.
I am an accredited psychoanalytic psychotherapist, training psychoanalytic psychotherapist approved by the leading providers of training in psychodynamic and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, and a supervisor. I offer a non-judgmental space to talk and think, for how long it is needed, with the minimum frequency of 1-3 sessions per week.
01392 719348 View 01392 719348
Photo of Dr Claire Treleaven - Dr Claire Treleaven - Perinatal Psychologist, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Claire Treleaven - Perinatal Psychologist
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
2 Endorsed
Exeter EX1
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 13 years experience in the NHS, supporting individuals at some of the most difficult times in their lives. I specialise in supporting women, birthing people and couples, for whom difficult or traumatic experiences of pregnancy, birth, fertility, becoming a parent, and baby loss are common. This is an extremely vulnerable period in a woman’s life, with so much uncertainty and change to navigate. For many, having a safe space to be able to explore and make sense of their experiences enables them to make changes and move toward their goals.
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 13 years experience in the NHS, supporting individuals at some of the most difficult times in their lives. I specialise in supporting women, birthing people and couples, for whom difficult or traumatic experiences of pregnancy, birth, fertility, becoming a parent, and baby loss are common. This is an extremely vulnerable period in a woman’s life, with so much uncertainty and change to navigate. For many, having a safe space to be able to explore and make sense of their experiences enables them to make changes and move toward their goals.
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Photo of Jade Flowers, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Jade Flowers
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Exeter EX4
Are you feeling weighed down by anxiety, depression, or the challenges life has thrown your way? Whether you're struggling with the aftermath of trauma, abuse, or simply feeling lost and not sure what you're struggling with, I want you to know that you don’t have to face this alone. It’s okay to need help, and reaching out is a brave first step toward feeling better and healing. I’m here to support you - every step of the way. Together, we can work through the overwhelming feelings and untangle the patterns that no longer serve you. When life feels heavy, the thought of change can seem impossible.
Are you feeling weighed down by anxiety, depression, or the challenges life has thrown your way? Whether you're struggling with the aftermath of trauma, abuse, or simply feeling lost and not sure what you're struggling with, I want you to know that you don’t have to face this alone. It’s okay to need help, and reaching out is a brave first step toward feeling better and healing. I’m here to support you - every step of the way. Together, we can work through the overwhelming feelings and untangle the patterns that no longer serve you. When life feels heavy, the thought of change can seem impossible.
01392 321950 View 01392 321950
Photo of Bear Burns, Counsellor, MBACP
Bear Burns
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX2
Not accepting new clients
I offer a warm, informal and grounded presence where you'll be empowered to safely explore the issues affecting you right now. As an integrative therapist, I bring multiple therapeutic approaches to our sessions with down to earth realness, and gentle understanding.
I offer a warm, informal and grounded presence where you'll be empowered to safely explore the issues affecting you right now. As an integrative therapist, I bring multiple therapeutic approaches to our sessions with down to earth realness, and gentle understanding.
01647 403913 View 01647 403913
Photo of Charlotte Mizen, Psychotherapist, MSc, BPC
Charlotte Mizen
Psychotherapist, MSc, BPC
Exeter EX4
We all experience difficult and painful times in life which sometimes feel too hard or overwhelming to manage alone. I have trained and worked as a counsellor and latterly as a psychotherapist with over ten years of clinical experience in private practice, a local therapeutic institution, and as an honorary psychotherapist in the NHS. Depression, anxiety, stress, loss and separation are some of the more difficult issues we come up against in life which can seriously impact the way we live our lives. My approach is psychoanalytically oriented with a focus on increasing self understanding and deepening insight into emotional issues
We all experience difficult and painful times in life which sometimes feel too hard or overwhelming to manage alone. I have trained and worked as a counsellor and latterly as a psychotherapist with over ten years of clinical experience in private practice, a local therapeutic institution, and as an honorary psychotherapist in the NHS. Depression, anxiety, stress, loss and separation are some of the more difficult issues we come up against in life which can seriously impact the way we live our lives. My approach is psychoanalytically oriented with a focus on increasing self understanding and deepening insight into emotional issues
01392 573820 View 01392 573820
Photo of Jodie Cook, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Jodie Cook
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Exeter EX1
You may be feeling overwhelmed, and I am here to listen and support you to ‘unpack’ the thoughts, feelings and emotions that may have become painful, ignored, too heavy to carry, or silenced. Together we can work towards a better understanding of what has brought you here, and to enable the comfort and relief necessary to move forward. I welcome you to share what is going on for you in a calm, safe and confidential space. This is your space and your time to be heard.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, and I am here to listen and support you to ‘unpack’ the thoughts, feelings and emotions that may have become painful, ignored, too heavy to carry, or silenced. Together we can work towards a better understanding of what has brought you here, and to enable the comfort and relief necessary to move forward. I welcome you to share what is going on for you in a calm, safe and confidential space. This is your space and your time to be heard.
01392 321334 View 01392 321334
Photo of Nathan Martin-Jones, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Nathan Martin-Jones
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Exeter EX4
The struggles you face today often have roots you can’t see- but therapy can help you understand them. Perhaps, it looks like you’re coping, yet inside you may feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. You might notice old ways of coping no longer work, emotions that come out of nowhere, or a sense that you just don’t fit in. I offer a warm, supportive, inclusive space where you can slow down, explore your experiences, and make sense of what feels confusing or painful. I work integratively using Transactional Analysis, a talking therapy that can help you see how past experiences shape your present patterns.
The struggles you face today often have roots you can’t see- but therapy can help you understand them. Perhaps, it looks like you’re coping, yet inside you may feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. You might notice old ways of coping no longer work, emotions that come out of nowhere, or a sense that you just don’t fit in. I offer a warm, supportive, inclusive space where you can slow down, explore your experiences, and make sense of what feels confusing or painful. I work integratively using Transactional Analysis, a talking therapy that can help you see how past experiences shape your present patterns.
01392 321556 View 01392 321556
Photo of Dr Jennifer Richards, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Jennifer Richards
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Exeter EX4
I am a specialist clinical psychologist with expertise in trauma and eating disorders. I work with people who want to explore and make sense of their difficulties or who want to make changes in their life. I work with clients of all ages and can focus on a range of difficulties. Together we will build an understanding of your experiences and help you navigate moving forward with your life. I hold particular expertise in trauma, eating disorders, body image issues, low self esteem, clinical perfectionism, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal or relational issues.
I am a specialist clinical psychologist with expertise in trauma and eating disorders. I work with people who want to explore and make sense of their difficulties or who want to make changes in their life. I work with clients of all ages and can focus on a range of difficulties. Together we will build an understanding of your experiences and help you navigate moving forward with your life. I hold particular expertise in trauma, eating disorders, body image issues, low self esteem, clinical perfectionism, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal or relational issues.
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Photo of James Pegg, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
James Pegg
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, low mood or are feeling stressed or overwhelmed, call for a free initial session. I am an experienced counsellor with proven success in helping people navigate these issues and get to a better place. My name is James and I am a male counsellor based in Exeter. I am here to support you with a whole range of issues that you may be dealing with, such as stress, anxiety, depression, grief and/or relationships to name but a few. I also have extensive experience working with LGBTQ+ clients.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, low mood or are feeling stressed or overwhelmed, call for a free initial session. I am an experienced counsellor with proven success in helping people navigate these issues and get to a better place. My name is James and I am a male counsellor based in Exeter. I am here to support you with a whole range of issues that you may be dealing with, such as stress, anxiety, depression, grief and/or relationships to name but a few. I also have extensive experience working with LGBTQ+ clients.
01392 321369 View 01392 321369

See more therapy options for Exeter

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Exeter

300+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Exeter who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
86% Self Esteem
82% Stress
79% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
66% Bereavement

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

65% Aviva
57% Bupa
51% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Exeter see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Exeter?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.