Counselling in Exeter

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Photo of Christine Martin, Counsellor, MBACP
Christine Martin
Counsellor, MBACP
Exeter EX4
Perhaps you are feeling stuck in some aspect of your life or aren’t sure of the way ahead in your life. Transitions and dilemmas can occur at any point during a person’s life. These might include marriage or becoming a couple: changes in a private or professional role: uncertainty in identity: relationship difficulties: loss; pregnancy: child birth; and the challenges presented during the ageing process. Sometimes we need to make sense of what has happened to us and sort out our emotions. I have worked with a range of difficulties which can occur at any point during a person’s life. I am familiar and happy to work with difference.
Perhaps you are feeling stuck in some aspect of your life or aren’t sure of the way ahead in your life. Transitions and dilemmas can occur at any point during a person’s life. These might include marriage or becoming a couple: changes in a private or professional role: uncertainty in identity: relationship difficulties: loss; pregnancy: child birth; and the challenges presented during the ageing process. Sometimes we need to make sense of what has happened to us and sort out our emotions. I have worked with a range of difficulties which can occur at any point during a person’s life. I am familiar and happy to work with difference.
07512 899833 View 07512 899833
Photo of James Gould, Counsellor, MBACP
James Gould
Counsellor, MBACP
Exeter EX6
I work with adults who may be feeling anxious, low, overwhelmed, stuck, or facing challenges in relationships, grief, or life changes. Some come with a clear issue, others just know something doesn’t feel right. As an integrative counsellor, I tailor therapy to you, offering a calm, supportive space where you can speak openly and feel heard. Together, we make sense of what’s going on and help you move forward in a way that feels manageable and meaningful.
I work with adults who may be feeling anxious, low, overwhelmed, stuck, or facing challenges in relationships, grief, or life changes. Some come with a clear issue, others just know something doesn’t feel right. As an integrative counsellor, I tailor therapy to you, offering a calm, supportive space where you can speak openly and feel heard. Together, we make sense of what’s going on and help you move forward in a way that feels manageable and meaningful.
01392 321671 View 01392 321671
Photo of Shem Lopez - Progressive Psychotherapy- EMDR Psychotherapist , Psychotherapist
As an integrative psychotherapist, I utilise several therapeutic approaches, utilising their interventions to support you in achieving your goals. I meet each client as the unique individual you are. My focus is on finding the most beneficial way for you to achieve your outcomes. I'm here to help you get results not just to listen. I offer a safe, comfortable and protective environment in which we can explore concerns to do with your future, past or present that are affecting you. Therapy is about making sense of your internal world and relationships, nurturing a greater awareness of Self so you can form more meaningful connections.
As an integrative psychotherapist, I utilise several therapeutic approaches, utilising their interventions to support you in achieving your goals. I meet each client as the unique individual you are. My focus is on finding the most beneficial way for you to achieve your outcomes. I'm here to help you get results not just to listen. I offer a safe, comfortable and protective environment in which we can explore concerns to do with your future, past or present that are affecting you. Therapy is about making sense of your internal world and relationships, nurturing a greater awareness of Self so you can form more meaningful connections.
01392 321421 View 01392 321421
Photo of Nathan Martin-Jones, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Nathan Martin-Jones
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Exeter EX4
The struggles you face today often have roots you can’t see- but therapy can help you understand them. Perhaps, it looks like you’re coping, yet inside you may feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. You might notice old ways of coping no longer work, emotions that come out of nowhere, or a sense that you just don’t fit in. I offer a warm, supportive, inclusive space where you can slow down, explore your experiences, and make sense of what feels confusing or painful. I work integratively using Transactional Analysis, a talking therapy that can help you see how past experiences shape your present patterns.
The struggles you face today often have roots you can’t see- but therapy can help you understand them. Perhaps, it looks like you’re coping, yet inside you may feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure how to move forward. You might notice old ways of coping no longer work, emotions that come out of nowhere, or a sense that you just don’t fit in. I offer a warm, supportive, inclusive space where you can slow down, explore your experiences, and make sense of what feels confusing or painful. I work integratively using Transactional Analysis, a talking therapy that can help you see how past experiences shape your present patterns.
01392 321556 View 01392 321556
Photo of Joanna Ruth Phillips, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Joanna Ruth Phillips
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Exeter EX1
Hello I am a Core Process Psychotherapist. I practice in Exeter and Crediton. I believe we have a longing to be truly seen and heard. In Core Process Psychotherapy, together, we slow down enough to see the ways in which the strategies we have used to cope can keep us stuck long after they are helpful. With this seeing you then have a choice to take another path and be in the world in a freer more satisfying way.
Hello I am a Core Process Psychotherapist. I practice in Exeter and Crediton. I believe we have a longing to be truly seen and heard. In Core Process Psychotherapy, together, we slow down enough to see the ways in which the strategies we have used to cope can keep us stuck long after they are helpful. With this seeing you then have a choice to take another path and be in the world in a freer more satisfying way.
01392 321547 View 01392 321547
Photo of Megan Benham, Counsellor, MBACP
Megan Benham
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
Welcome, I’m Megan, an Integrative Counsellor based in central Exeter. I offer a warm, accepting space where we can explore what’s happening for you, free from pressure or judgement. My approach is rooted in the belief that we all have the capacity for healing, growth, and change – even if it may not feel like it.
Welcome, I’m Megan, an Integrative Counsellor based in central Exeter. I offer a warm, accepting space where we can explore what’s happening for you, free from pressure or judgement. My approach is rooted in the belief that we all have the capacity for healing, growth, and change – even if it may not feel like it.
01392 542856 View 01392 542856
Photo of Shane FitzGerald, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Shane FitzGerald
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello, thank you for finding more out about my practice. Seeking support may not be easy, but you can be assured whatever situation has brought you therapy will be approached safely and sensitivity. If you are having to live with low self-esteem, debilitating anxiety, or PTSD, then CBT may work well for you. Therapy sessions will use clinically proven strategies to help you achieve your goals, and the techniques we choose will be based on the very best research. By the end of therapy, we’ll aim for you to have all the skills necessary to enjoy emotional well-being.
Hello, thank you for finding more out about my practice. Seeking support may not be easy, but you can be assured whatever situation has brought you therapy will be approached safely and sensitivity. If you are having to live with low self-esteem, debilitating anxiety, or PTSD, then CBT may work well for you. Therapy sessions will use clinically proven strategies to help you achieve your goals, and the techniques we choose will be based on the very best research. By the end of therapy, we’ll aim for you to have all the skills necessary to enjoy emotional well-being.
01626 247661 View 01626 247661
Photo of Matt Ridley - Matt Ridley Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Matt Ridley Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Exeter EX1
I work best with clients who are ready to explore change and develop self-reflection and compassion. Some people arrive with big questions about life, identity, and direction. Others may not know exactly what they want, but sense something isn’t quite right — and that’s okay. Clients often choose to work with me because of my experience and the supportive, practical way I help them move forward. With over a decade of experience, I can help you clarify your goals and make meaningful progress in a way that feels manageable and authentic.
I work best with clients who are ready to explore change and develop self-reflection and compassion. Some people arrive with big questions about life, identity, and direction. Others may not know exactly what they want, but sense something isn’t quite right — and that’s okay. Clients often choose to work with me because of my experience and the supportive, practical way I help them move forward. With over a decade of experience, I can help you clarify your goals and make meaningful progress in a way that feels manageable and authentic.
01392 321281 View 01392 321281
Photo of Emil Fiederle, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Emil Fiederle
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
2 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
I am a senior trainee psychotherapist offering individual psychotherapy from my practice in Exeter. I’m currently completing a Postgraduate Diploma in Mindfulness-based Core Process Psychotherapy. This approach uses mindfulness to help us slow down and connect with our present-moment experience - whether that’s challenging, joyful, or somewhere in between. By becoming more present, we can explore what we’re really feeling in our minds, bodies, and relationships. With the above in mind, my aim is to offer a safe, supportive space where you can bring whatever is arising for you.
I am a senior trainee psychotherapist offering individual psychotherapy from my practice in Exeter. I’m currently completing a Postgraduate Diploma in Mindfulness-based Core Process Psychotherapy. This approach uses mindfulness to help us slow down and connect with our present-moment experience - whether that’s challenging, joyful, or somewhere in between. By becoming more present, we can explore what we’re really feeling in our minds, bodies, and relationships. With the above in mind, my aim is to offer a safe, supportive space where you can bring whatever is arising for you.
01392 321048 View 01392 321048
Photo of Abigail Hardiman, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Abigail Hardiman
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
We don't get wounded alone and we don't heal alone." Carl Jung. Are wounds from the past affecting how you are functioning in the present and your thoughts of the future? Our early experiences can create patterns of trust and distrust which affect how we are in our relationships with others and ourselves, as well as how we respond to trauma and stress throughout our lives on many different levels. However, whilst we may be shaped by the past I believe that we do not need to be trapped by it.
We don't get wounded alone and we don't heal alone." Carl Jung. Are wounds from the past affecting how you are functioning in the present and your thoughts of the future? Our early experiences can create patterns of trust and distrust which affect how we are in our relationships with others and ourselves, as well as how we respond to trauma and stress throughout our lives on many different levels. However, whilst we may be shaped by the past I believe that we do not need to be trapped by it.
01392 321565 View 01392 321565
Photo of Dr Rebecca Legge, Psychologist, HCPC - Sport Psych.
Dr Rebecca Legge
Psychologist, HCPC - Sport Psych.
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As an HCPC-registered Sport and Exercise Psychologist, I help athletes perform at their best when it matters most. I’ve supported individuals and teams across football, rugby, golf, netball, and athletics, from developing performers to those competing at the highest levels. My work goes beyond “mental skills.” It’s about understanding how you think, respond, and perform under pressure, and then building the psychological tools to give you a real, lasting edge.
As an HCPC-registered Sport and Exercise Psychologist, I help athletes perform at their best when it matters most. I’ve supported individuals and teams across football, rugby, golf, netball, and athletics, from developing performers to those competing at the highest levels. My work goes beyond “mental skills.” It’s about understanding how you think, respond, and perform under pressure, and then building the psychological tools to give you a real, lasting edge.
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Photo of Toni Wickens - Talk With TJ Counselling Service, Counsellor, MBACP
Ever considered having a biker as your counsellor? My aim is to recreate the supportive environment one would get around a campfire with the added calmness of a cruise in the countryside. Lets take a journey together. I am down to earth and human. Sometimes throttle therapy doesn't work and we need a little extra support.  I offer Online and Walk and Talk Sessions on the outskirts of Exeter. Where you have the opportunity to express and explore your emotions in the Scenic and calming surroundings of nature. Please note the Fee for Walk and Talk is set at £50 per session.
Ever considered having a biker as your counsellor? My aim is to recreate the supportive environment one would get around a campfire with the added calmness of a cruise in the countryside. Lets take a journey together. I am down to earth and human. Sometimes throttle therapy doesn't work and we need a little extra support.  I offer Online and Walk and Talk Sessions on the outskirts of Exeter. Where you have the opportunity to express and explore your emotions in the Scenic and calming surroundings of nature. Please note the Fee for Walk and Talk is set at £50 per session.
01392 321974 View 01392 321974
Photo of Owain Hadden - Owain Hadden Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Owain Hadden Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Exeter EX1
When you're facing difficulties, having someone to talk to can make a huge difference. I offer a supportive, friendly space for you to explore what you're going through. To process, vent , problem solve or make changes. If you're not sure what you need, we can figure that out together too and find a way to make things feel lighter and freer. I am a warm, welcoming person who helps you to be yourself, without feeling judged. I am someone who really listens, tries to understand what you're going through, and shows that I care. It's really important that you feel safe and comfortable talking with me.
When you're facing difficulties, having someone to talk to can make a huge difference. I offer a supportive, friendly space for you to explore what you're going through. To process, vent , problem solve or make changes. If you're not sure what you need, we can figure that out together too and find a way to make things feel lighter and freer. I am a warm, welcoming person who helps you to be yourself, without feeling judged. I am someone who really listens, tries to understand what you're going through, and shows that I care. It's really important that you feel safe and comfortable talking with me.
01572 491359 View 01572 491359
Photo of Dr Dora Bernardes, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Dora Bernardes
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX1
Hi, I am a Clinical Psychologist working with Children, Young People and Parents in Exeter. I am passionate about connecting with children and young people so that we can develop trust and work together. Common presentations include: support to parents managing challenging behaviour, emotional outbursts, school refusal; Direct work with children and young people experiencing depression, anxiety, school difficulties, coping with health concerns and other challenging issues. Availability: Tuesday Morning and Friday afternoon at Homedale Health, 34 Denmark Road, EX1 1SE. Session fee: £110 (50 mins).
Hi, I am a Clinical Psychologist working with Children, Young People and Parents in Exeter. I am passionate about connecting with children and young people so that we can develop trust and work together. Common presentations include: support to parents managing challenging behaviour, emotional outbursts, school refusal; Direct work with children and young people experiencing depression, anxiety, school difficulties, coping with health concerns and other challenging issues. Availability: Tuesday Morning and Friday afternoon at Homedale Health, 34 Denmark Road, EX1 1SE. Session fee: £110 (50 mins).
01392 321331 View 01392 321331
Photo of Kaye Stevenson, Counsellor, MBACP
Kaye Stevenson
Counsellor, MBACP
Exeter EX4
Hi, I’m Kaye, a calm, welcoming and inclusive counsellor. I provide a safe and confidential space to help you address what’s weighing on your mind. I offer professional and affordable counselling to explore how various situations and life experiences are affecting you. My goal is to empower you to make positive changes and connect with your inner strength. I am an integrative counsellor which means I use a range of methods to develop a tailored approach that suits your unique needs. Our time together can be talk-based or use more creative tools, we are always led by you and work at your pace in a context of compassion and care.
Hi, I’m Kaye, a calm, welcoming and inclusive counsellor. I provide a safe and confidential space to help you address what’s weighing on your mind. I offer professional and affordable counselling to explore how various situations and life experiences are affecting you. My goal is to empower you to make positive changes and connect with your inner strength. I am an integrative counsellor which means I use a range of methods to develop a tailored approach that suits your unique needs. Our time together can be talk-based or use more creative tools, we are always led by you and work at your pace in a context of compassion and care.
01392 321896 View 01392 321896
Photo of Becca Gooding, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Becca Gooding
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you consumed by your thoughts and finding it impossible to focus on what really matters? I can help you. Together we can switch off auto pilot and get you back in the driver's seat of your life. You are not alone - our brains weren't wired to cope with the modern world. The sleepless nights. Avoiding difficult situations because facing your fears feels overwhelming. It feels like we are sabotaging ourselves, with no time or energy left to focus on what matters. You don't have to suffer anymore. There is a reason your brain is working on overdrive and together we can shed some light on why your thoughts feel so out of control.
Are you consumed by your thoughts and finding it impossible to focus on what really matters? I can help you. Together we can switch off auto pilot and get you back in the driver's seat of your life. You are not alone - our brains weren't wired to cope with the modern world. The sleepless nights. Avoiding difficult situations because facing your fears feels overwhelming. It feels like we are sabotaging ourselves, with no time or energy left to focus on what matters. You don't have to suffer anymore. There is a reason your brain is working on overdrive and together we can shed some light on why your thoughts feel so out of control.
01392 542189 View 01392 542189
Photo of Jessica Eve, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Jessica Eve
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Exeter EX4
Using body psychotherapy (somatic psychotherapy), I will work with you on all levels of your being (mind, body and spirit) in a transparent, caring and empowering way. My focus is on supporting you to achieve the life changes you need to become truly happy, and on creating maximum value for you going forward (so that you can experience deep and lasting change). In my approach, I work by listening deeply to your life force and holding the space for your process to emerge, your inner child to be heard and all of your feelings and thoughts to be welcomed.
Using body psychotherapy (somatic psychotherapy), I will work with you on all levels of your being (mind, body and spirit) in a transparent, caring and empowering way. My focus is on supporting you to achieve the life changes you need to become truly happy, and on creating maximum value for you going forward (so that you can experience deep and lasting change). In my approach, I work by listening deeply to your life force and holding the space for your process to emerge, your inner child to be heard and all of your feelings and thoughts to be welcomed.
023 8214 8218 View 023 8214 8218
Photo of Hamilton Fairfax, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Hamilton Fairfax
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Exeter EX4
I am a highly experienced Consultant Counselling Psychologist who has spent 25 years working in NHS Mental Health services. I work with adults of working age and older adults and experienced in a range of mental health presentations including complex trauma, OCD, depression, anxiety, complex emotional needs, abusive life experiences and existential crisis. I have researched and published in many of these areas. In addition I also have significant experience in leadership and organisational change and undertaken further training in Leadership and Management.
I am a highly experienced Consultant Counselling Psychologist who has spent 25 years working in NHS Mental Health services. I work with adults of working age and older adults and experienced in a range of mental health presentations including complex trauma, OCD, depression, anxiety, complex emotional needs, abusive life experiences and existential crisis. I have researched and published in many of these areas. In addition I also have significant experience in leadership and organisational change and undertaken further training in Leadership and Management.
01572 498989 View 01572 498989
Photo of Karen Gough - Isca Psychology, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Isca Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX4
I am a HCPC registered Clinical & Forensic Psychologist with over 25 years experience working in NHS and independent healthcare services, universities, and providing expert witness services. I am warm, approachable and flexible in my approach and specialise in comprehensive assessments (includng neurodiversity assessments of Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD), schema therapy and EMDR for PTSD.
I am a HCPC registered Clinical & Forensic Psychologist with over 25 years experience working in NHS and independent healthcare services, universities, and providing expert witness services. I am warm, approachable and flexible in my approach and specialise in comprehensive assessments (includng neurodiversity assessments of Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD), schema therapy and EMDR for PTSD.
01392 321749 View 01392 321749
Photo of Lynne Barker, Counsellor, MBACP
Lynne Barker
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Exeter EX1
Your life. Your time. You. Time to sort things out, explore, grow and CHANGE. Time to stop being pulled in all directions; too caught up on the treadmill of your own thoughts to find an alternative way of tackling a problem. My sessions offer you a circuit breaker; a chance to slow down, unravel your thoughts...and breathe! Stepping back and viewing your life from a more profound and reasoned angle, you will have the opportunity to share your thoughts and questions, in a secure and non-judgemental setting. It will be time well spent in order for your future life to be spent well.
Your life. Your time. You. Time to sort things out, explore, grow and CHANGE. Time to stop being pulled in all directions; too caught up on the treadmill of your own thoughts to find an alternative way of tackling a problem. My sessions offer you a circuit breaker; a chance to slow down, unravel your thoughts...and breathe! Stepping back and viewing your life from a more profound and reasoned angle, you will have the opportunity to share your thoughts and questions, in a secure and non-judgemental setting. It will be time well spent in order for your future life to be spent well.
01392 549745 View 01392 549745

See more therapy options for Exeter

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Exeter

300+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Exeter who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
86% Self Esteem
82% Stress
79% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
66% Bereavement

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Aviva
56% Bupa
51% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Exeter see their clients

83% In Person and Online
17% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Exeter?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.