Autism Counselling in Edgware

Photo of Adriana Coelho, Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Adriana Coelho
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Edgware HA8
Expert in ASD and ADHD diagnosis
I have experience working with individuals of all ages and addressing a wide range of mental health issues. I deliver person-centered and evidence-based interventions to help patients gain a deeper understanding of themselves. The aim of my therapy is to promote personal growth and wisdom, empowering patients to explore their feelings and find joy in their lives.
Expert in ASD and ADHD diagnosis
I have experience working with individuals of all ages and addressing a wide range of mental health issues. I deliver person-centered and evidence-based interventions to help patients gain a deeper understanding of themselves. The aim of my therapy is to promote personal growth and wisdom, empowering patients to explore their feelings and find joy in their lives.
020 3817 6872 View 020 3817 6872
Photo of Nav Heer, Counsellor, MBACP
Nav Heer
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
In the current world of uncertainty and change, counselling explores difficulties you are having, distress you may be experiencing, dissatisfaction with life or loss of a sense of direction & purpose. Anxiety and stress impact all areas of life, at home, work and relationships. I will listen attentively, in a non-judgemental way, provided in a professional and respectful manner, counselling will begin to bring awareness and help you to see things more clearly, possibly from a different perspective. I have worked with children & adults, giving equal respect and treatment, regardless of their background or beliefs.
In the current world of uncertainty and change, counselling explores difficulties you are having, distress you may be experiencing, dissatisfaction with life or loss of a sense of direction & purpose. Anxiety and stress impact all areas of life, at home, work and relationships. I will listen attentively, in a non-judgemental way, provided in a professional and respectful manner, counselling will begin to bring awareness and help you to see things more clearly, possibly from a different perspective. I have worked with children & adults, giving equal respect and treatment, regardless of their background or beliefs.
024 7526 2023 View 024 7526 2023
Photo of Elizabeth Stennett, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Elizabeth Stennett
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Serves Area
Therapy that meets you where you are, with warmth, curiosity, and respect. I work with individuals, couples, families, and young people who are finding life a bit heavy, whether that’s anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, identity questions, or the sense of being overwhelmed by everyday demands. My approach is calm, collaborative, and centred on helping people feel understood, supported, and able to move at a pace that feels right for them. A core part of my practice is neuroaffirming work and an appreciation for the ways culture, identity, and lived experience shape how we navigate the world.
Therapy that meets you where you are, with warmth, curiosity, and respect. I work with individuals, couples, families, and young people who are finding life a bit heavy, whether that’s anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, identity questions, or the sense of being overwhelmed by everyday demands. My approach is calm, collaborative, and centred on helping people feel understood, supported, and able to move at a pace that feels right for them. A core part of my practice is neuroaffirming work and an appreciation for the ways culture, identity, and lived experience shape how we navigate the world.
01923 961263 View 01923 961263
Photo of Rochelle Newington, Counsellor, MBACP
Rochelle Newington
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
It may not be visible but you are suffering inside, and you have taken the first courageous step, seeking a therapist. Life may seem OK and up to now you have managed but something inside is stirring, and its hard to carry on as you have been. You have been judged, not heard and felt worthless or invisible, and you may feel anxious, angry, depressed, detached, frightened, vulnerable, low self worth, unmotivated and unable to trust your own judgement right now. I believe you have an innate ability to be more, and can support you to work through these feelings. Take the next brave step if you are ready and call for a consultation.
It may not be visible but you are suffering inside, and you have taken the first courageous step, seeking a therapist. Life may seem OK and up to now you have managed but something inside is stirring, and its hard to carry on as you have been. You have been judged, not heard and felt worthless or invisible, and you may feel anxious, angry, depressed, detached, frightened, vulnerable, low self worth, unmotivated and unable to trust your own judgement right now. I believe you have an innate ability to be more, and can support you to work through these feelings. Take the next brave step if you are ready and call for a consultation.
07480 739692 View 07480 739692
Photo of Rosanna Cooper, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Rosanna Cooper
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Serves Area
Do you feel stuck? Wish for more creativity and to use your full potential instead of feeling held back by your fears? I can support you to tap into your own creative flow and work through fears, negative thought patterns and feelings that might be keeping you stuck. We can learn and harvest the messages your patterns are ready to teach you together. Your difficulties do not have to be your way of life and they do not have to define you. You are worth so much more than your worries and I would love to join you in the journey towards resilience, looking after you and discovering who you really are and what you are capable of!
Do you feel stuck? Wish for more creativity and to use your full potential instead of feeling held back by your fears? I can support you to tap into your own creative flow and work through fears, negative thought patterns and feelings that might be keeping you stuck. We can learn and harvest the messages your patterns are ready to teach you together. Your difficulties do not have to be your way of life and they do not have to define you. You are worth so much more than your worries and I would love to join you in the journey towards resilience, looking after you and discovering who you really are and what you are capable of!
020 3870 4348 View 020 3870 4348
Photo of Dr Sarah Callman, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Sarah Callman
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am experienced working with adults and adolescents including those with neurodevelopmental disorders: autism and ADHD.
Choosing a therapist can be a daunting task! I work with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma (PTSD), self-harm, bereavement, problem gambling, self-esteem, gender dysphoria & borderline personality disorder/EUPD. To tailor our work, I draw on various therapy models such as CBT, ACT, compassion focussed, DBT, NET and EMDR therapy.
I am experienced working with adults and adolescents including those with neurodevelopmental disorders: autism and ADHD.
Choosing a therapist can be a daunting task! I work with a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma (PTSD), self-harm, bereavement, problem gambling, self-esteem, gender dysphoria & borderline personality disorder/EUPD. To tailor our work, I draw on various therapy models such as CBT, ACT, compassion focussed, DBT, NET and EMDR therapy.
020 3974 7473 View 020 3974 7473
Photo of Alison Tureck - Alison Play Therapy, MA
Alison Play Therapy
Verified Verified
Serves Area
My name is Alison and I have 13 years experience of working with vulnerable children and their families. I provide Play Therapy for children, which allows them to use toys and creative materials to safely play out and express, explore and make sense of their thoughts, feelings and painful life experiences and cope better with the future. I'm a registered member of the British Association of Play Therapy and DBS checked. I cover the areas of Hertfordshire, North London, and surrounding areas. Please view my website for more information and testimonials; www.alisonplaytherapy.com
My name is Alison and I have 13 years experience of working with vulnerable children and their families. I provide Play Therapy for children, which allows them to use toys and creative materials to safely play out and express, explore and make sense of their thoughts, feelings and painful life experiences and cope better with the future. I'm a registered member of the British Association of Play Therapy and DBS checked. I cover the areas of Hertfordshire, North London, and surrounding areas. Please view my website for more information and testimonials; www.alisonplaytherapy.com
020 4538 6745 View 020 4538 6745
Photo of Selina Beresford, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Selina Beresford
Psychotherapist, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
My experience includes working with anxiety, depression, loss and neurodivergent clients, particularly those with ADHD and autism.
I believe that when it comes to problems, our life experiences play a crucial role in how we cope and deal with life. Understanding and identifying the root causes of your distress can help in beginning to make sense of yourself.
My experience includes working with anxiety, depression, loss and neurodivergent clients, particularly those with ADHD and autism.
I believe that when it comes to problems, our life experiences play a crucial role in how we cope and deal with life. Understanding and identifying the root causes of your distress can help in beginning to make sense of yourself.
020 4634 0471 View 020 4634 0471
Photo of Dianne McCormick, Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dianne McCormick
Psychologist, MA, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
"Dianne helped my husband and I bridge seemingly impossible gaps in our understanding of each other and ability to communicate despite considerable differences. Dianne took us from a place where we encountered apparently unresolvable emotional blockages daily, from a place of frustration and chronic misunderstanding to a place where we were able to appreciate each other's feelings and show love to one another increasingly unreservedly. She was skilfully professional, without ever faltering in compassion or humanity. She has given us the tools we needed to succeed in our marriage and we are hugely grateful for her help. " Annon
"Dianne helped my husband and I bridge seemingly impossible gaps in our understanding of each other and ability to communicate despite considerable differences. Dianne took us from a place where we encountered apparently unresolvable emotional blockages daily, from a place of frustration and chronic misunderstanding to a place where we were able to appreciate each other's feelings and show love to one another increasingly unreservedly. She was skilfully professional, without ever faltering in compassion or humanity. She has given us the tools we needed to succeed in our marriage and we are hugely grateful for her help. " Annon
082 492 0090 View 082 492 0090
Photo of Gemma Rowland, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Gemma Rowland
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have a strong interest in autism and ADHD, particularly in how neurodevelopmental differences can interact with emotions, relationships and identity.
I am a HCPC registered psychologist with over 15 years of experience. Alongside my therapeutic work, I am the Clinical Lead in a Neurodevelopmental assessment service. I have extensive experience of working with a range of mental health difficulties, including anxiety, depression, trauma & self harm. My approach is warm, compassionate, and collaborative. I am interested in understanding your story and how your life experiences have shaped the way you feel, think, and relate to others. Therapy offers a space to make sense of what is happening, and develop practical strategies to support confidence, wellbeing, & functioning.
I have a strong interest in autism and ADHD, particularly in how neurodevelopmental differences can interact with emotions, relationships and identity.
I am a HCPC registered psychologist with over 15 years of experience. Alongside my therapeutic work, I am the Clinical Lead in a Neurodevelopmental assessment service. I have extensive experience of working with a range of mental health difficulties, including anxiety, depression, trauma & self harm. My approach is warm, compassionate, and collaborative. I am interested in understanding your story and how your life experiences have shaped the way you feel, think, and relate to others. Therapy offers a space to make sense of what is happening, and develop practical strategies to support confidence, wellbeing, & functioning.
020 4634 6263 View 020 4634 6263
Photo of Dr Candice Joseph, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Candice Joseph
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I also offer Autism assessments for teenagers and adults.
Hi, I’m Candice. I’m a highly skilled and compassionate clinical psychologist with extensive training and experience in helping people to feel better. I work with teenagers and adults with an array of issues such as stress, anxiety, low mood, trauma or grief. I have a special interest in working with bereavement and grief, in particular, with bereaved parents who have experienced baby loss. Self funded sessions are £130 and I accept most major insurers. I offer sessions online on Tuesday afternoons or in person in Mill Hill on Friday mornings.
I also offer Autism assessments for teenagers and adults.
Hi, I’m Candice. I’m a highly skilled and compassionate clinical psychologist with extensive training and experience in helping people to feel better. I work with teenagers and adults with an array of issues such as stress, anxiety, low mood, trauma or grief. I have a special interest in working with bereavement and grief, in particular, with bereaved parents who have experienced baby loss. Self funded sessions are £130 and I accept most major insurers. I offer sessions online on Tuesday afternoons or in person in Mill Hill on Friday mornings.
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Photo of Bradley Reback, Counsellor, MBACP
Bradley Reback
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Welcome You might be struggling with challenges such as anxiety, low mood, stress, grief, or relationship difficulties, or simply feel you don’t quite fit in and that no one really gets you, which can make the world feel harsh or isolating. Life can feel complex and demanding, and the pressures of work, family, and not being able to fully be your true self can be hard to navigate. Starting therapy can feel daunting, but simply taking the time to find a therapist who feels right for you is already a meaningful step towards happiness.
Welcome You might be struggling with challenges such as anxiety, low mood, stress, grief, or relationship difficulties, or simply feel you don’t quite fit in and that no one really gets you, which can make the world feel harsh or isolating. Life can feel complex and demanding, and the pressures of work, family, and not being able to fully be your true self can be hard to navigate. Starting therapy can feel daunting, but simply taking the time to find a therapist who feels right for you is already a meaningful step towards happiness.
020 4634 3085 View 020 4634 3085
Photo of Johnny Marks, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Johnny Marks
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
There are many reasons that bring people to therapy and the hard part is trying to find the right therapist for you. There are so many of us and some of the terms we use might be even more confusing and weird sounding. It doesn't have to be like that though. As a fully qualified and registered psychotherapist i see therapy as an opportunity to talk about whatever is troubling you in total confidence. As your therapist i won't be telling you what to do, however we will explore the conflicts and dilemmas you have and really look at what it means to "BE" you and have a greater understanding of your unique way of being in the world.
There are many reasons that bring people to therapy and the hard part is trying to find the right therapist for you. There are so many of us and some of the terms we use might be even more confusing and weird sounding. It doesn't have to be like that though. As a fully qualified and registered psychotherapist i see therapy as an opportunity to talk about whatever is troubling you in total confidence. As your therapist i won't be telling you what to do, however we will explore the conflicts and dilemmas you have and really look at what it means to "BE" you and have a greater understanding of your unique way of being in the world.
07393 231648 View 07393 231648
Photo of Dr Emma Diamond - Dr. Emma Diamond, B.Sc, PG.Dip, DClinPsy, CPsychol, Psychologist, CPsychol
Dr. Emma Diamond, B.Sc, PG.Dip, DClinPsy, CPsychol
Psychologist, CPsychol
Serves Area
Dr. Emma Diamond (B.Sc, PGDip, DClinPsy, CPsychol) is an experienced Principal Clinical Psychologist who has practiced for over 15 years. ​ She is a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society (BPS) and completed a BPS accredited Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy). Dr. Diamond completed further training in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) at the Institute of Psychiatry, a centre of excellence for CBT, and she is a member of the British Association for Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP).
Dr. Emma Diamond (B.Sc, PGDip, DClinPsy, CPsychol) is an experienced Principal Clinical Psychologist who has practiced for over 15 years. ​ She is a Chartered Psychologist with the British Psychological Society (BPS) and completed a BPS accredited Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy). Dr. Diamond completed further training in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) at the Institute of Psychiatry, a centre of excellence for CBT, and she is a member of the British Association for Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapies (BABCP).
020 4530 8363 View 020 4530 8363
Photo of Paula Newman, Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Paula Newman
Counsellor, MBACP Snr. Accred
Serves Area
I offer an affirming space for neurodivergent clients to explore emotional areas, value your strengths and live life on your own terms.
Welcome to my counselling practice. I offer a supportive, empathic and friendly service to individuals, couples and families. Perhaps there are particular issues causing you distress, or maybe something more subtle, an inner feeling that all is not well. Our physical and psychological health can be compromised by traumatic situations such as bullying, abuse, bereavement and family disputes. We may develop ways of coping which also cause problems, for example self-harm and addictions. I provide a non-judgmental space for whatever you wish to explore and address including your relationships, anxiety, depression and emotional distress.
I offer an affirming space for neurodivergent clients to explore emotional areas, value your strengths and live life on your own terms.
Welcome to my counselling practice. I offer a supportive, empathic and friendly service to individuals, couples and families. Perhaps there are particular issues causing you distress, or maybe something more subtle, an inner feeling that all is not well. Our physical and psychological health can be compromised by traumatic situations such as bullying, abuse, bereavement and family disputes. We may develop ways of coping which also cause problems, for example self-harm and addictions. I provide a non-judgmental space for whatever you wish to explore and address including your relationships, anxiety, depression and emotional distress.
01923 625055 View 01923 625055

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Malina Moris, Counsellor, MBACP
Malina Moris
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I also work with many clients who identify or are diagnosed autistic and/or ADHD.
I have found my specialism in working with adults who feel unheard or unseen as a result of their history and/or identity. I am a neurodivergent therapist, with a background in relationship diversity. I provide a space where you can feel safe to explore who you are, the struggles you have faced and begin a journey of self-acceptance and growth.
I also work with many clients who identify or are diagnosed autistic and/or ADHD.
I have found my specialism in working with adults who feel unheard or unseen as a result of their history and/or identity. I am a neurodivergent therapist, with a background in relationship diversity. I provide a space where you can feel safe to explore who you are, the struggles you have faced and begin a journey of self-acceptance and growth.
01206 355783 View 01206 355783
Photo of Rowan Reiss - Attuned Psychology and Psychiatry, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Attuned Psychology and Psychiatry
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
London E18
I provide comprehensive Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD) assessments, utilising gold standard assessment tools, as recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines.
I am a clinical psychologist currently working in a national specialist CAMHS trauma service. My work within this team, specialist inpatient and outpatient CAMHS, as well as in adult mental health services, has given me experience in supporting adults, children, and young people with severe and complex mental health difficulties. Through my training I have developed high-level knowledge of the theory and practice of both CBT including CFT, ACT, DBT and trauma-focussed CBT, and systemic approaches. I am also trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
I provide comprehensive Autism Spectrum Disorder ( ASD) assessments, utilising gold standard assessment tools, as recommended by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines.
I am a clinical psychologist currently working in a national specialist CAMHS trauma service. My work within this team, specialist inpatient and outpatient CAMHS, as well as in adult mental health services, has given me experience in supporting adults, children, and young people with severe and complex mental health difficulties. Through my training I have developed high-level knowledge of the theory and practice of both CBT including CFT, ACT, DBT and trauma-focussed CBT, and systemic approaches. I am also trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR).
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Photo of Sue Wall - Sue Wall Therapy, Counsellor, MBACP
Sue Wall Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Epsom KT19
Could being neurodivergent be the missing piece of the puzzle?
I have experience of working with Autism ADHD, AuDHD, Aexithymia and I understand how to work with the process of helping you to notice, name and manage your emotions safely within our therapeutic relationship. I take interest in working with the autonomic nervous system. This is also known as the Four F's. Fight, Fiight, Freeze and Fawn.
Could being neurodivergent be the missing piece of the puzzle?
I have experience of working with Autism ADHD, AuDHD, Aexithymia and I understand how to work with the process of helping you to notice, name and manage your emotions safely within our therapeutic relationship. I take interest in working with the autonomic nervous system. This is also known as the Four F's. Fight, Fiight, Freeze and Fawn.
020 3728 8319 View 020 3728 8319
Photo of David Lewis Evans, Counsellor, MA, BACP
David Lewis Evans
Counsellor, MA, BACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I have particular experience in working with neurodiversity ( autism, dyslexia, ODD) and continue training in the area as well as building on my background in art to offer creative approaches to therapy with a person-centered core.
My clients have a variety of issues. I encourage my clients to have a sense of curiosity about themselves and their process in our work together. Throughout therapy, I seek to meet such needs as genuine understanding and acceptance as well as the provision of a space of safety when clients may be experiencing a life situation or condition that feels unsafe. If you are seeking a therapist with shared lives experience, I can offer personal insights to clients who are seeking counselling for immune illnesses / bowel disease-related depression and anxiety.
I have particular experience in working with neurodiversity ( autism, dyslexia, ODD) and continue training in the area as well as building on my background in art to offer creative approaches to therapy with a person-centered core.
My clients have a variety of issues. I encourage my clients to have a sense of curiosity about themselves and their process in our work together. Throughout therapy, I seek to meet such needs as genuine understanding and acceptance as well as the provision of a space of safety when clients may be experiencing a life situation or condition that feels unsafe. If you are seeking a therapist with shared lives experience, I can offer personal insights to clients who are seeking counselling for immune illnesses / bowel disease-related depression and anxiety.
01453 700943 View 01453 700943
Photo of Ewelina Monika Ahmed - Fenix CBT Psychotherapy, Autism and OCD Specialist, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Fenix CBT Psychotherapy, Autism and OCD Specialist
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
At Fenix CBT we specialise in CBT/DBT therapy specifically adapted to Autistic/ADHD adults, children and young people, OCD (ERP) and PTSD.
My name is Eve Ahmed I am an owner and Lead Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (BABCP accredited) at Fenix CBT LTD. I utilise my skills and extensive experience to help my clients reach their personal targets and clinical recovery. I am very passionate about the work I do and I love helping people reach their goals. I have thirteen years of experience working in mental health in public and charity sector with adults and children. I completed BSc undergraduate degree in Psychology, Postgraduate Diploma in CBT and Level 3 Diploma in DBT and I also have (amongst many others) EMDR, ACT and Compassionate Mind training.
At Fenix CBT we specialise in CBT/DBT therapy specifically adapted to Autistic/ADHD adults, children and young people, OCD (ERP) and PTSD.
My name is Eve Ahmed I am an owner and Lead Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (BABCP accredited) at Fenix CBT LTD. I utilise my skills and extensive experience to help my clients reach their personal targets and clinical recovery. I am very passionate about the work I do and I love helping people reach their goals. I have thirteen years of experience working in mental health in public and charity sector with adults and children. I completed BSc undergraduate degree in Psychology, Postgraduate Diploma in CBT and Level 3 Diploma in DBT and I also have (amongst many others) EMDR, ACT and Compassionate Mind training.
0113 487 2229 View 0113 487 2229

See more therapy options for Edgware

Autism Counsellors
What is the most effective treatment for autism?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has come to be considered the standard treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder, and research has confirmed its effectiveness for many children. Therapists trained in ABA techniques work with children (and their parents) on developing social skills, communication and learning abilities, and everyday habits of hygiene and grooming. The clinician will tailor their program to the child’s particular need but the overarching goal will be to help them advance as far as possible toward independence based on their level of symptoms and decrease the need for additional special services. Families should seek a mental health professional specifically trained in ABA, and holding special certification in the technique, who has extensive experience not only with the approach but in using it with children with the same level of symptoms as the child who needs care.

How does ABA work?
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) sessions, which typically focus on positive reinforcement, can be intensive, lasting two or more hours several times a week, and continuing for two years or more. Therapists can also be expected to ask parents to take an active role in reinforcing lessons. Research has found that the technique can lead to major improvements that decrease the need for additional special services.

How does treatment for autism work?
Therapy sessions based on Applied Behavior Analysis will likely be frequent, intensive, and highly structured. After a thorough assessment, a therapist will help a child understand and develop skills in a range of areas, including communication, motor skills, social skills, self-care, play, and academic skills, as well as routines of daily living like hygiene. Typically, the therapist will help a child break down the components of a behavior—often referred to as the antecedent (what prompts an action), the behavior, and the consequence(what immediately follows)—and then reward the child at every step, while also asking parents to reinforce the lessons, and the rewards, throughout the day. This core therapy may be supplemented by occupational or speech therapy, and antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants may be prescribed to address specific severe symptoms.

How long does therapy for autism take?
Some people with autism spectrum disorder may be engaged in some level of therapy for many years, but research shows that treatment will be most effective if it is begun early and delivered intensively. When therapy begins by age 3, children tend to be better able to grasp and adopt the skills needed to manage everyday life, including attending school and establishing social relationships. This type of early-intervention treatment regimen is highly structured, typically involving 20 to 40 hours of one-on-one therapy per week, along with additional hours of engagement managed by parents, for a period of two years or more, although the duration of treatment is dependent on the child’s level of symptoms and pace of progress.