Counselling in East Riding of Yorkshire

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Photo of Sam Young, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Sam Young
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Beverley HU17
CBT is the leading therapy for depression and anxiety. It uses evidence based treatment interventions to help individuals develop the knowledge and skills needed to overcome emotional difficulties. If you feel that you are stuck in a vicious cycle of feeling depressed, upset, and anxious, I can help you to notice and change problematic thinking styles and behaviour patterns so you can feel better and take control of your life.
CBT is the leading therapy for depression and anxiety. It uses evidence based treatment interventions to help individuals develop the knowledge and skills needed to overcome emotional difficulties. If you feel that you are stuck in a vicious cycle of feeling depressed, upset, and anxious, I can help you to notice and change problematic thinking styles and behaviour patterns so you can feel better and take control of your life.
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Photo of Karen Michelle Hunt - Root and Flourish Counselling Services Karen Hunt, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Root and Flourish Counselling Services Karen Hunt
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Driffield YO25
Offering counselling to all, including you. Thank you for viewing my profile. Let me introduce myself to you. I'm Karen. The best thing that I can share with you is that I'm REAL. What I mean by this is that I'm more than the qualification states to be your counsellor. I'm in my mid-forties; I've had a challenging childhood, to say the least. I've dealt with grief firsthand and an eating disorder and abandonment issues. I am knowledgeable in every field. I promise that you can be yourself in my safe space, which is free of judgement. I'm ready to work with you at your speed. Together within sessions we can work with your life.
Offering counselling to all, including you. Thank you for viewing my profile. Let me introduce myself to you. I'm Karen. The best thing that I can share with you is that I'm REAL. What I mean by this is that I'm more than the qualification states to be your counsellor. I'm in my mid-forties; I've had a challenging childhood, to say the least. I've dealt with grief firsthand and an eating disorder and abandonment issues. I am knowledgeable in every field. I promise that you can be yourself in my safe space, which is free of judgement. I'm ready to work with you at your speed. Together within sessions we can work with your life.
01723 334245 View 01723 334245
Photo of Magdalena Laskowska, Counsellor, MUKCP
Magdalena Laskowska
Counsellor, MUKCP
York YO43
Hello, thank you for visiting my profile. Hope you get an idea of what I offer and how I support you. I am an experienced and certified psychotherapy counsellor and a psychotherapist who works with individual clients, couples, both adults and teenagers. My working style is warm, empathetic and supportive and I am extremely passionate about working with my clients.
Hello, thank you for visiting my profile. Hope you get an idea of what I offer and how I support you. I am an experienced and certified psychotherapy counsellor and a psychotherapist who works with individual clients, couples, both adults and teenagers. My working style is warm, empathetic and supportive and I am extremely passionate about working with my clients.
01430 330064 View 01430 330064
Photo of Krysti Gutherless, Counsellor, BACP
Krysti Gutherless
Counsellor, BACP
1 Endorsed
Hull HU5
Hello and welcome to my profile, thank you for choosing to read about what I offer. My name is Krysti and I am a person-centred therapist. Are you looking for someone to walk along side you and support you making decisions or make changes that you need? Whatever your issues, needs or goals are, if you are wanting to address these, we can do that together. There is no time limit to how long things affect us, so I genuinely believe its never too late to address issues. Whether you are experiencing difficulties right now or have historic experience, together we can work through them.
Hello and welcome to my profile, thank you for choosing to read about what I offer. My name is Krysti and I am a person-centred therapist. Are you looking for someone to walk along side you and support you making decisions or make changes that you need? Whatever your issues, needs or goals are, if you are wanting to address these, we can do that together. There is no time limit to how long things affect us, so I genuinely believe its never too late to address issues. Whether you are experiencing difficulties right now or have historic experience, together we can work through them.
01482 260266 View 01482 260266
Photo of Ruth Tattersall, Counsellor, MBACP
Ruth Tattersall
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Beverley HU17
If you're feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, trauma, grief, low self-worth, or relationship struggles, you're not alone, and you don’t have to face it alone. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where adults of all ages can feel truly heard, whether you're navigating early adulthood, midlife transitions, or later-life challenges. With experience in chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and menopause, I bring empathy and insight to every session. I also work sensitively with men, supporting emotional wellbeing, identity, and personal growth.
If you're feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, trauma, grief, low self-worth, or relationship struggles, you're not alone, and you don’t have to face it alone. I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where adults of all ages can feel truly heard, whether you're navigating early adulthood, midlife transitions, or later-life challenges. With experience in chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia, and menopause, I bring empathy and insight to every session. I also work sensitively with men, supporting emotional wellbeing, identity, and personal growth.
01964 211135 View 01964 211135
Photo of Kerry Holden-Anderson - Kerneo Therapy Mental Health & Wellness Service, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
The decision to have counselling is a really brave one, and it might be difficult to know if it’s the right time for you. You can have counselling for all sorts of reasons, and there’s no such thing as a right or wrong one. You might be feeling overwhelmed or anxious; perhaps you’ve experienced a bereavement or a relationship breakdown, or you might not know what the reason is, and that is okay. Sometimes therapy is difficult, and it can bring up things that are hard to face, but you don’t have to do so alone.
The decision to have counselling is a really brave one, and it might be difficult to know if it’s the right time for you. You can have counselling for all sorts of reasons, and there’s no such thing as a right or wrong one. You might be feeling overwhelmed or anxious; perhaps you’ve experienced a bereavement or a relationship breakdown, or you might not know what the reason is, and that is okay. Sometimes therapy is difficult, and it can bring up things that are hard to face, but you don’t have to do so alone.
01482 736137 View 01482 736137
Photo of Lesley Glover, Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Lesley Glover
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Selby YO8
Do you find yourself struggling with life? Are you avoiding doing the things that you would like to do and feeling anxious or unhappy about the things you are doing? Do physical health problems get in the way of you leading the life you want? If you work with me, we would explore ways to help with your difficulties, increase your resilience and help you to have more choice in how you respond to situations. Often people experience aspects of their difficulties in a physical way within their bodies, I work with a mind-body approach which complements talking therapy and can help change things that feel stuck.
Do you find yourself struggling with life? Are you avoiding doing the things that you would like to do and feeling anxious or unhappy about the things you are doing? Do physical health problems get in the way of you leading the life you want? If you work with me, we would explore ways to help with your difficulties, increase your resilience and help you to have more choice in how you respond to situations. Often people experience aspects of their difficulties in a physical way within their bodies, I work with a mind-body approach which complements talking therapy and can help change things that feel stuck.
01405 800354 View 01405 800354
Photo of Alison Isaacs, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Alison Isaacs
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Is anxiety a problem for you? Would you like to feel calmer, less stressed and sleep better? Perhaps you want to make positive changes in your life but don’t know where to start, or learn how to say no, be more assertive and kinder to yourself. Do you put yourself down & criticise yourself, struggle to make decisions or feel confused by your feelings and relationships? Counselling with me can help you. It’s the best self-care ever and can help you gain the confidence you need to feel better about yourself, reduce your stress and anxiety, explore your feelings and understand why you react to things in the way you do.
Is anxiety a problem for you? Would you like to feel calmer, less stressed and sleep better? Perhaps you want to make positive changes in your life but don’t know where to start, or learn how to say no, be more assertive and kinder to yourself. Do you put yourself down & criticise yourself, struggle to make decisions or feel confused by your feelings and relationships? Counselling with me can help you. It’s the best self-care ever and can help you gain the confidence you need to feel better about yourself, reduce your stress and anxiety, explore your feelings and understand why you react to things in the way you do.
07492 882559 View 07492 882559
Photo of Abigail Leah Bonnett, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Abigail Leah Bonnett
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a proud member of the LGBTQIA+ community, I offer a warm, non-judgmental, safe space where we can openly discuss issues. Whether you are exploring the nuances of your sexuality, confronting internalised homophobia, or navigating challenging family responses, I am here to support you every step of the way. I Specialise in gender identity, supporting clients through the complexities of their feelings and experiences, with a strong dedication to supporting transgender, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming individuals.
As a proud member of the LGBTQIA+ community, I offer a warm, non-judgmental, safe space where we can openly discuss issues. Whether you are exploring the nuances of your sexuality, confronting internalised homophobia, or navigating challenging family responses, I am here to support you every step of the way. I Specialise in gender identity, supporting clients through the complexities of their feelings and experiences, with a strong dedication to supporting transgender, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming individuals.
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Photo of Deborah Everson, Counsellor, MBACP
Deborah Everson
Counsellor, MBACP
Beverley HU17
I am a fully Qualified BACP registered Counsellor and Holistic Therapist with twenty three years practising experience. I work within a wide range of professional settings including the NHS, a local firm of solicitors and health insurance organisations. In addition to private practice and GP referrals. I work with a wide range of people from young students within an educational establishment to professionals both inside and outside of the workplace.
I am a fully Qualified BACP registered Counsellor and Holistic Therapist with twenty three years practising experience. I work within a wide range of professional settings including the NHS, a local firm of solicitors and health insurance organisations. In addition to private practice and GP referrals. I work with a wide range of people from young students within an educational establishment to professionals both inside and outside of the workplace.
01964 770329 View 01964 770329
Photo of Paul Bramley, Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Paul Bramley
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
2 Endorsed
Hiya, I'm Paul, a Gestalt Psychotherapist. You are doubtless here because you need affirming support. Gestalt is wonderful as it respects a person's symptoms as creative adjustments rather than illnesses. Your life is always in process and living it is all that's needed to maintain its flow; one way you may not be doing this is by telling yourself, or having been told by others how you should do this. This won't help your sense of self but lose sight of how and what you are. I will work with you to make you feel safe, understood and validated so that through the simple experience of being you do not seek to be what you are not.
Hiya, I'm Paul, a Gestalt Psychotherapist. You are doubtless here because you need affirming support. Gestalt is wonderful as it respects a person's symptoms as creative adjustments rather than illnesses. Your life is always in process and living it is all that's needed to maintain its flow; one way you may not be doing this is by telling yourself, or having been told by others how you should do this. This won't help your sense of self but lose sight of how and what you are. I will work with you to make you feel safe, understood and validated so that through the simple experience of being you do not seek to be what you are not.
01377 319102 View 01377 319102
Photo of Stuart McLeod, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Stuart McLeod
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Hull HU1
Often, I hear the phrase “others have it far worse than me…” and where there may be a truth in that phrase, I believe YOU are just as important. This is the ethos of my practice. I offer a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space for you to talk, be heard, your personal experience validated and for positive change to occur. I have also experienced personal therapy so understand how daunting the first step can be; at first I found it scary, challenging but always supportive and it gave me a greater self-belief and deeper understanding of myself that I continue using today.
Often, I hear the phrase “others have it far worse than me…” and where there may be a truth in that phrase, I believe YOU are just as important. This is the ethos of my practice. I offer a safe, confidential and non-judgmental space for you to talk, be heard, your personal experience validated and for positive change to occur. I have also experienced personal therapy so understand how daunting the first step can be; at first I found it scary, challenging but always supportive and it gave me a greater self-belief and deeper understanding of myself that I continue using today.
01482 947658 View 01482 947658
Photo of Donna Riley, Counsellor
Donna Riley
Counsellor
“What is the bravest thing you have ever said?” asked the boy… “Help” said the horse (Charlie Mackesy). I feel passionate that you have the right to enter into a supportive relationship. I will offer you a safe space and time in which you will be accepted, heard and understood without any fear of judgement. It is a space to breathe and reflect at your own pace. I don't believe we have it all figured out, but from my own personal struggles and life experiences I do have an in depth understanding of how life-changing counselling can be. I would like to share your journey with you and I will value your bravery in asking for help.
“What is the bravest thing you have ever said?” asked the boy… “Help” said the horse (Charlie Mackesy). I feel passionate that you have the right to enter into a supportive relationship. I will offer you a safe space and time in which you will be accepted, heard and understood without any fear of judgement. It is a space to breathe and reflect at your own pace. I don't believe we have it all figured out, but from my own personal struggles and life experiences I do have an in depth understanding of how life-changing counselling can be. I would like to share your journey with you and I will value your bravery in asking for help.
01904 935898 View 01904 935898
Photo of Klaudia Lubieniecka, Psychotherapist, MA, PNCPS Acc.
Klaudia Lubieniecka
Psychotherapist, MA, PNCPS Acc.
Hull HU5
Hello and welcome! My name is Klaudia. Finding the right therapist is so important. I know from my own therapeutic journey what a massive difference to the quality of life and mental health can a suitable therapist make. If you think you might be struggling with anxiety & depression, trauma coupled with PTSD, with low self-esteem or gender identity, we can have an up to 30-minute free chat over the phone or online. Maybe I'm the therapist you are looking for. :) I usually take clients on the back-to-the-past journey and help them unearth events, patterns and scripts that are holding them back and causing them emotional pain.
Hello and welcome! My name is Klaudia. Finding the right therapist is so important. I know from my own therapeutic journey what a massive difference to the quality of life and mental health can a suitable therapist make. If you think you might be struggling with anxiety & depression, trauma coupled with PTSD, with low self-esteem or gender identity, we can have an up to 30-minute free chat over the phone or online. Maybe I'm the therapist you are looking for. :) I usually take clients on the back-to-the-past journey and help them unearth events, patterns and scripts that are holding them back and causing them emotional pain.
01482 736139 View 01482 736139
Photo of Nicola Karen Ince - Ortaya Counselling Service, Counsellor, MBACP
Ortaya Counselling Service
Counsellor, MBACP
Hessle HU13
Hello. I am a professionally qualified, Person Centred Counsellor based in Hessle, East Yorkshire. This form of therapy promotes a non-directive, empathetic, non-judgemental approach which can empower and motivate, assisting you to make informed choices. We can work together at a pace tailored to you, to explore and find clarity in the difficulties you may be experiencing. I run my practice from an office based in Anlaby, providing a safe space to explore the difficulties, both past and present . I can provide an environment where you feel listened to and truly heard which in itself can be a healing experience.
Hello. I am a professionally qualified, Person Centred Counsellor based in Hessle, East Yorkshire. This form of therapy promotes a non-directive, empathetic, non-judgemental approach which can empower and motivate, assisting you to make informed choices. We can work together at a pace tailored to you, to explore and find clarity in the difficulties you may be experiencing. I run my practice from an office based in Anlaby, providing a safe space to explore the difficulties, both past and present . I can provide an environment where you feel listened to and truly heard which in itself can be a healing experience.
07480 589113 View 07480 589113
Photo of Marianne Lownsborough - Therapy With Maz , Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Therapy With Maz
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Within a homely, confidential space, we journey together exploring your past experiences and how they affect your life today. Childhood issues, traumatic incidents and toxic relationships can cause spiralling thoughts, anxiety, mood swings, flashbacks, and overwhelming body sensations. It can seem like you have no control. As we work together, we gain awareness and understanding of why you are reacting the way you do. By developing self-compassion and strategies, you can take control, connect and process emotions without getting overwhelmed and deal with your past. Responding to yourself and others in ways you choose.
Within a homely, confidential space, we journey together exploring your past experiences and how they affect your life today. Childhood issues, traumatic incidents and toxic relationships can cause spiralling thoughts, anxiety, mood swings, flashbacks, and overwhelming body sensations. It can seem like you have no control. As we work together, we gain awareness and understanding of why you are reacting the way you do. By developing self-compassion and strategies, you can take control, connect and process emotions without getting overwhelmed and deal with your past. Responding to yourself and others in ways you choose.
01759 486308 View 01759 486308
Photo of Nicholas Richard Taylor, Counsellor, MBACP
Nicholas Richard Taylor
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Hi, my name is Nick. Have you lost your usual motivational energy to face the day ahead and the challenges this may bring? Do you always put other's needs before your own; forgetting what is important for you? Do you know something doesn't feel right, but you're not sure why?  If 'yes', then I can help you to find your answers.
Hi, my name is Nick. Have you lost your usual motivational energy to face the day ahead and the challenges this may bring? Do you always put other's needs before your own; forgetting what is important for you? Do you know something doesn't feel right, but you're not sure why?  If 'yes', then I can help you to find your answers.
01482 420902 View 01482 420902
Photo of James Bailey - Chestnut Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Chestnut Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Selby YO8
Hello, my name is James. Sometimes life can feel uncertain, overwhelming, painful or isolating. Whatever you’re facing, you don’t have to face it alone. Chestnut Counselling offers a confidential, empathetic space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions safely, without judgement, and at a pace that feels right for you. Many clients seek therapy to better understand themselves, navigate life’s challenges, or find relief from anxiety, stress, or low mood. Whatever your reasons, counselling can support you in gaining deeper clarity, building self-awareness, and moving towards a more fulfilling life.
Hello, my name is James. Sometimes life can feel uncertain, overwhelming, painful or isolating. Whatever you’re facing, you don’t have to face it alone. Chestnut Counselling offers a confidential, empathetic space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and emotions safely, without judgement, and at a pace that feels right for you. Many clients seek therapy to better understand themselves, navigate life’s challenges, or find relief from anxiety, stress, or low mood. Whatever your reasons, counselling can support you in gaining deeper clarity, building self-awareness, and moving towards a more fulfilling life.
01757 607063 View 01757 607063
Photo of Letisia Vela, Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Letisia Vela
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Brough HU15
You might be feeling anxious, low in mood, or noticing patterns in relationships that you don’t fully understand. Perhaps you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure why things feel the way they do. Therapy can offer a space to slow down and explore what’s going on beneath the surface. I am a UKCP trainee therapist working with adults experiencing anxiety, low mood, relationship difficulties and life transitions. I offer a compassionate and confidential space where you can feel heard, understood and supported.
You might be feeling anxious, low in mood, or noticing patterns in relationships that you don’t fully understand. Perhaps you feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure why things feel the way they do. Therapy can offer a space to slow down and explore what’s going on beneath the surface. I am a UKCP trainee therapist working with adults experiencing anxiety, low mood, relationship difficulties and life transitions. I offer a compassionate and confidential space where you can feel heard, understood and supported.
01430 634334 View 01430 634334
Photo of Jo Gibson
Jo Gibson
Verified Verified
Hull HU5
Acknowledging that you are struggling to cope with the daily life is hard and the first step to taking control of your life. Often people don’t feel that their problems are worth contacting a therapist about, as "others have it worse" and try to push the uncomfortable feelings away. Therapy isn't about blaming yourself or passing responsibility it's about working together with another individual to validate your experiences and understand your past patterns of behaviour. We will then work together to help you make positive changes for a more fulfilled life. I am a therapist and supervisor and work with teens and adults.
Acknowledging that you are struggling to cope with the daily life is hard and the first step to taking control of your life. Often people don’t feel that their problems are worth contacting a therapist about, as "others have it worse" and try to push the uncomfortable feelings away. Therapy isn't about blaming yourself or passing responsibility it's about working together with another individual to validate your experiences and understand your past patterns of behaviour. We will then work together to help you make positive changes for a more fulfilled life. I am a therapist and supervisor and work with teens and adults.
01482 699740 View 01482 699740

See more therapy options for East Riding of Yorkshire

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in East Riding of Yorkshire

100+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in East Riding of Yorkshire who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
78% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
69% Stress
64% Bereavement

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aviva
61% AXA PPP
59% Bupa

How Counsellors in East Riding of Yorkshire see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in East Riding of Yorkshire?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.