Counselling in Chorleywood

Photo of Jo Clarke, MA
Jo Clarke
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you want to improve communication, intimacy, and conflict resolution in your intimate relationship. You could be feeling low mood, anxiety and overwhelm due to this. You want to find ways to stay in your relationship and to rekindle the physical and emotional connection that you once had. You may also be experiencing challenges associated with neurodiversity. This could be affecting your relationship, work, social connectedness. You haven't been thriving for some time and you are looking for strategies to function better in every aspect of your life.
Do you want to improve communication, intimacy, and conflict resolution in your intimate relationship. You could be feeling low mood, anxiety and overwhelm due to this. You want to find ways to stay in your relationship and to rekindle the physical and emotional connection that you once had. You may also be experiencing challenges associated with neurodiversity. This could be affecting your relationship, work, social connectedness. You haven't been thriving for some time and you are looking for strategies to function better in every aspect of your life.
01923 311468 View 01923 311468
Photo of Dr Stephanie Louw, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Stephanie Louw
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Thank you for visiting. Seeking support can be daunting, especially when feeling vulnerable and with so many therapists to choose from. The clients I see, seek therapy for a variety of reasons, including experiencing anxiety, low mood, intrusive thoughts, obsessions, fluctuating emotions, substance or relationship issues and PTSD. I believe these difficulties often arise from things that have happened to us, causing us emotional pain, trauma or loss. I collaborate with clients to understand and unpick these patterns, empowering them to forge a new path aligned with their goals, restoring a sense of safety, control, and wellness.
Thank you for visiting. Seeking support can be daunting, especially when feeling vulnerable and with so many therapists to choose from. The clients I see, seek therapy for a variety of reasons, including experiencing anxiety, low mood, intrusive thoughts, obsessions, fluctuating emotions, substance or relationship issues and PTSD. I believe these difficulties often arise from things that have happened to us, causing us emotional pain, trauma or loss. I collaborate with clients to understand and unpick these patterns, empowering them to forge a new path aligned with their goals, restoring a sense of safety, control, and wellness.
01727 649784 View 01727 649784
Photo of Anna Butcher, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Anna Butcher
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I practise from a psychodynamic perspective which has its roots in psychoanalysis, the founding approach to talking therapy. This means I am interested in helping people to be curious about themselves, to understand why they might think, feel or behave in certain ways which are often unconscious, and to understand where these patterns might come from. This involves you and I building up a trusting relationship that would enable you to bring anything (thoughts feelings, fantasies), however unusual or nonsensical, you want to talk about with me.
I practise from a psychodynamic perspective which has its roots in psychoanalysis, the founding approach to talking therapy. This means I am interested in helping people to be curious about themselves, to understand why they might think, feel or behave in certain ways which are often unconscious, and to understand where these patterns might come from. This involves you and I building up a trusting relationship that would enable you to bring anything (thoughts feelings, fantasies), however unusual or nonsensical, you want to talk about with me.
07723 558679 View 07723 558679
Photo of Bhumika Shah, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Bhumika Shah
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Online Only
Hi, I’m Bhumika, I am an experienced CBT & EMDR psychotherapist. I offer a compassionate approach in guiding you through your treatment and supporting you on your journey to alleviating your symptoms. I aim to support you to lead a life more in line with what you value. I have experience in treating a range of common mental health difficulties including depression, low self-esteem, pre & postnatal depression, OCD, PTSD, birth trauma, social anxiety, health anxiety, phobia’s. CBT and EMDR are evidence based, NICE approved approaches with potential for long-lasting changes
Hi, I’m Bhumika, I am an experienced CBT & EMDR psychotherapist. I offer a compassionate approach in guiding you through your treatment and supporting you on your journey to alleviating your symptoms. I aim to support you to lead a life more in line with what you value. I have experience in treating a range of common mental health difficulties including depression, low self-esteem, pre & postnatal depression, OCD, PTSD, birth trauma, social anxiety, health anxiety, phobia’s. CBT and EMDR are evidence based, NICE approved approaches with potential for long-lasting changes
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Photo of Karen Morton, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Karen Morton
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I support clients with anxiety, trauma and/or chronic pain and illness to live their best life. Anxiety can be debilitating and overwhelming. I work with you to offer new perspective, to resolve issues and find new ways forward. We often 'block' thoughts as a coping strategy, and whilst this can be very useful, it can increase anxiety. If you experience physical symptoms such as headaches, IBS, joint pain or fibromyalgia, your body may be literally holding the weight of your anxiety. We can consider whether a more holistic approach will help you–exploring the connection between your physical symptoms and your emotions.
I support clients with anxiety, trauma and/or chronic pain and illness to live their best life. Anxiety can be debilitating and overwhelming. I work with you to offer new perspective, to resolve issues and find new ways forward. We often 'block' thoughts as a coping strategy, and whilst this can be very useful, it can increase anxiety. If you experience physical symptoms such as headaches, IBS, joint pain or fibromyalgia, your body may be literally holding the weight of your anxiety. We can consider whether a more holistic approach will help you–exploring the connection between your physical symptoms and your emotions.
07423 720694 View 07423 720694
Photo of Rachel Mistri, Counsellor, MBACP
Rachel Mistri
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Do you feel alone and misunderstood? Do you feel there is no one you can talk to who will keep your confidence and understand how you are feeling? If you make the decision to come and see me, I will offer you a safe, confidential and supportive environment where you can speak freely and where you will be listened to without judgement. An environment where you can be yourself and where you don't have to pretend that everything is OK. Making the decision to come for a counselling session is the first positive step in improving your mental health.
Do you feel alone and misunderstood? Do you feel there is no one you can talk to who will keep your confidence and understand how you are feeling? If you make the decision to come and see me, I will offer you a safe, confidential and supportive environment where you can speak freely and where you will be listened to without judgement. An environment where you can be yourself and where you don't have to pretend that everything is OK. Making the decision to come for a counselling session is the first positive step in improving your mental health.
07480 537308 View 07480 537308
Photo of Natalie Satur, Counsellor, MBACP
Natalie Satur
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a Counsellor dedicated to supporting young people to thrive, whatever their life experiences. I am passionate about helping families flourish, strengthening attachment, and walking alongside individuals as they explore and embrace their authentic selves—emotionally, physically, psychologically, and sexually. As a Barnardo’s Link Therapist, I am registered with Ofsted to work with young people affected by adoption. I am trained to support everyone within the Adoption Triangle—birth parents, adoptive parents, and adoptees—and I also work with those involved in fostering and special guardianship arrangements.
I am a Counsellor dedicated to supporting young people to thrive, whatever their life experiences. I am passionate about helping families flourish, strengthening attachment, and walking alongside individuals as they explore and embrace their authentic selves—emotionally, physically, psychologically, and sexually. As a Barnardo’s Link Therapist, I am registered with Ofsted to work with young people affected by adoption. I am trained to support everyone within the Adoption Triangle—birth parents, adoptive parents, and adoptees—and I also work with those involved in fostering and special guardianship arrangements.
01923 961587 View 01923 961587
Photo of Zoe Wren, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Zoe Wren
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
It’s so important to find the right therapist, someone you feel comfortable speaking to in order to build a rapport. My work is psychodynamic, examining connections between past and present to help you to explore your motivations, emotions, behavioural patterns and to increase self knowledge.
It’s so important to find the right therapist, someone you feel comfortable speaking to in order to build a rapport. My work is psychodynamic, examining connections between past and present to help you to explore your motivations, emotions, behavioural patterns and to increase self knowledge.
01494 292759 View 01494 292759
Photo of Jo Derry, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Jo Derry
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I am an experienced counsellor/psychotherapist. I consider it of utmost importance that we build a strong and supportive therapeutic relationship within which you can feel safe and trusting enough to discuss and explore whatever is going on for you. I am here to listen and will not judge what you have to say. I'm here to help you feel better by making sense of the things that you think and feel and to empower you to make your own choices about how you move forward in your life. You can trust that I will act in your best interests at all times and adhere to the BACP Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions.
I am an experienced counsellor/psychotherapist. I consider it of utmost importance that we build a strong and supportive therapeutic relationship within which you can feel safe and trusting enough to discuss and explore whatever is going on for you. I am here to listen and will not judge what you have to say. I'm here to help you feel better by making sense of the things that you think and feel and to empower you to make your own choices about how you move forward in your life. You can trust that I will act in your best interests at all times and adhere to the BACP Ethical Framework for the Counselling Professions.
01923 750844 View 01923 750844
Photo of Alison Taylor, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Alison Taylor
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
People often seek therapy because they are feeling overwhelmed or are experiencing some kind of emotional pain. Issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, low self esteem, low self confidence or anger are often the symptoms of past traumas and experiences. I offer an opportunity to identify and overcome these, or other difficult feelings you may be experiencing.
People often seek therapy because they are feeling overwhelmed or are experiencing some kind of emotional pain. Issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, low self esteem, low self confidence or anger are often the symptoms of past traumas and experiences. I offer an opportunity to identify and overcome these, or other difficult feelings you may be experiencing.
01923 961247 View 01923 961247
Photo of Paule Bhatowa, Counsellor, MBACP
Paule Bhatowa
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Life is a journey of highs and lows. Are you going through a particularly difficult time in your life? Do you feel isolated? Not sure where to turn? Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed, or out of control? Or maybe you simply long to be heard, supported, and truly seen. I offer a safe, confidential space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. We can work through what is going on for you and find a way to move forward together, exploring strategies and tools along the way that can help you make that shift you are seeking. I believe in ‘stronger together.’ Together, we can get through many things.
Life is a journey of highs and lows. Are you going through a particularly difficult time in your life? Do you feel isolated? Not sure where to turn? Perhaps you feel anxious, depressed, or out of control? Or maybe you simply long to be heard, supported, and truly seen. I offer a safe, confidential space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. We can work through what is going on for you and find a way to move forward together, exploring strategies and tools along the way that can help you make that shift you are seeking. I believe in ‘stronger together.’ Together, we can get through many things.
01923 961390 View 01923 961390
Photo of Claire Morgan, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Claire Morgan
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Thank you for viewing my profile. I offer compassionate, integrative therapy tailored to your unique needs, providing a non-judgemental space for individuals, couples, families, and young people. With lived experience of anxiety, ADHD, and relationship challenges, I understand how difficult it can be to seek support. I work alongside those facing addiction, help couples rebuild trust, and support young people with emotional struggles. My aim is to nurture resilience and understanding, and to walk beside you as you move towards meaningful change in your life.
Thank you for viewing my profile. I offer compassionate, integrative therapy tailored to your unique needs, providing a non-judgemental space for individuals, couples, families, and young people. With lived experience of anxiety, ADHD, and relationship challenges, I understand how difficult it can be to seek support. I work alongside those facing addiction, help couples rebuild trust, and support young people with emotional struggles. My aim is to nurture resilience and understanding, and to walk beside you as you move towards meaningful change in your life.
01489 357229 View 01489 357229
Photo of John Paul Mulcrone, Psychotherapist, MBACP
John Paul Mulcrone
Psychotherapist, MBACP
020 4634 5168 View 020 4634 5168

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Paul McFarland, Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Paul McFarland
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Reading RG1
Greetings, and welcome to my profile. I have 15 years’ experience as a therapist in private practice, helping both individuals and couples. I specialise foremostly in relationships and marriages. I am available for face-to-face sessions in both Didcot and Reading, and also offer online sessions. I offer both short-term and long-term therapy. Therapy sessions represent a special place where you can be really listened to, genuinely heard, and understood just as you are, without judgement. A counselling journey can gradually guide you from a difficult place of anxiety and despair to a much better one of peace, strength and happiness.
Greetings, and welcome to my profile. I have 15 years’ experience as a therapist in private practice, helping both individuals and couples. I specialise foremostly in relationships and marriages. I am available for face-to-face sessions in both Didcot and Reading, and also offer online sessions. I offer both short-term and long-term therapy. Therapy sessions represent a special place where you can be really listened to, genuinely heard, and understood just as you are, without judgement. A counselling journey can gradually guide you from a difficult place of anxiety and despair to a much better one of peace, strength and happiness.
01235 639270 View 01235 639270
Photo of Gaia Bertocci, Psychotherapist, MSc, CPsychol
Gaia Bertocci
Psychotherapist, MSc, CPsychol
London SW5
I’m a psychodynamic psychotherapist since 2002. I worked with narcissistic personality disorder, depression and anxiety, eating disorder, trauma and pre-menopausal and menopausal issues. My focus is always patient oriented, holistic and deeply respectful of the individual personality. After a free initial consultation to understand what your goals and expectations are from yourself and the therapy, I will propose you a plan to work towards the improvement of your actual conditions
I’m a psychodynamic psychotherapist since 2002. I worked with narcissistic personality disorder, depression and anxiety, eating disorder, trauma and pre-menopausal and menopausal issues. My focus is always patient oriented, holistic and deeply respectful of the individual personality. After a free initial consultation to understand what your goals and expectations are from yourself and the therapy, I will propose you a plan to work towards the improvement of your actual conditions
020 3889 5965 View 020 3889 5965
Photo of Dr Marilyn Anim-Addo-Allen - Dr Marilyn Allen, Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Dr Marilyn Allen
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
London W1G
Supervision & Counselling opportunity from a MNCPS (Acc)/BACP Therapist, & Clinical Supervisor that sharpens practice and protects practitioners. The work encompasses developmental psychology which enables me to support clients to navigate challenges, develop coping mechanisms, resilience & growth. Such skills are then internalised over time which helps their situation to be more manageable. l offer a safe, non-judgemental & confidential, ethical space for our work, and bring skills of excellent empathy & observational skills and counter-transference into the clinical work, & broadens the experience for the client.
Supervision & Counselling opportunity from a MNCPS (Acc)/BACP Therapist, & Clinical Supervisor that sharpens practice and protects practitioners. The work encompasses developmental psychology which enables me to support clients to navigate challenges, develop coping mechanisms, resilience & growth. Such skills are then internalised over time which helps their situation to be more manageable. l offer a safe, non-judgemental & confidential, ethical space for our work, and bring skills of excellent empathy & observational skills and counter-transference into the clinical work, & broadens the experience for the client.
020 3962 2187 View 020 3962 2187
Photo of Jane Barnfield Jukes, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Jane Barnfield Jukes
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Weybridge KT13
Founding Partner/Clinical Lead The Practice Jane is an experienced integrative psychotherapist/counsellor, executive coach. She practices using a combination of therapeutic approaches, ensuring that therapy is tailored to meet the individual need, be it short or long term. She currently works with adults, couples and young people with GP referrals in the private sector. She has wide experience of working with depression, anxiety, panic, stress, loss, addiction, life limiting illness, self-harm, eating disorders, phobias and abuse and believes that to be heard in a safe, confidential environment is essential to effective therapy.
Founding Partner/Clinical Lead The Practice Jane is an experienced integrative psychotherapist/counsellor, executive coach. She practices using a combination of therapeutic approaches, ensuring that therapy is tailored to meet the individual need, be it short or long term. She currently works with adults, couples and young people with GP referrals in the private sector. She has wide experience of working with depression, anxiety, panic, stress, loss, addiction, life limiting illness, self-harm, eating disorders, phobias and abuse and believes that to be heard in a safe, confidential environment is essential to effective therapy.
01372 235667 View 01372 235667
Photo of Dr Tahlia Corrodus, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Tahlia Corrodus
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
Hello, thank you for stopping by my page! Many of us often face difficult times or may not feel supported by the people or systems around us. You may be struggling with issues such as anxiety, depression, loss, bereavement, relationship issues, self-harm, trauma, or abuse. Therapy is an opportunity to focus on immediate/past issues, whilst also strengthening your own identity and self-worth. I aim to offer a safe, non-judgmental, confidential, therapeutic space and encourage people of different ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds to enquire.
Hello, thank you for stopping by my page! Many of us often face difficult times or may not feel supported by the people or systems around us. You may be struggling with issues such as anxiety, depression, loss, bereavement, relationship issues, self-harm, trauma, or abuse. Therapy is an opportunity to focus on immediate/past issues, whilst also strengthening your own identity and self-worth. I aim to offer a safe, non-judgmental, confidential, therapeutic space and encourage people of different ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds to enquire.
020 4538 0625 View 020 4538 0625
Photo of Dr Marco Antonio Marques Cortez, Counsellor, PhD, MUKCP
Dr Marco Antonio Marques Cortez
Counsellor, PhD, MUKCP
2 Endorsed
London W1B
I can help you to deal with the following issues: anxiety, addiction, stress, trauma, depression, neurodiversity and sexual issues. Do you find yourself wondering if you are making the best of your life? Or whether you even know how you would like your life to be? Has it become difficult to handle situations you were once able to manage at work? Is making decisions leaving you full of doubt? Psychotherapy, counselling and coaching can help you think and feel through these very personal questions. Taking time to work on what is blocking you can help you to start living in a less fearful and more fulfilling way.
I can help you to deal with the following issues: anxiety, addiction, stress, trauma, depression, neurodiversity and sexual issues. Do you find yourself wondering if you are making the best of your life? Or whether you even know how you would like your life to be? Has it become difficult to handle situations you were once able to manage at work? Is making decisions leaving you full of doubt? Psychotherapy, counselling and coaching can help you think and feel through these very personal questions. Taking time to work on what is blocking you can help you to start living in a less fearful and more fulfilling way.
07880 506565 View 07880 506565
Photo of Nicola Kellock, Psychotherapist, PNCPS Acc.
Nicola Kellock
Psychotherapist, PNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming — even when, from the outside, everything seems fine. You may be coping with loss, anxiety, trauma, or a sense of being stuck. My role is to offer a calm, confidential space where you can begin to explore what’s happening and gently make sense of it, at your own pace. I’m an integrative therapist with extensive experience supporting adults through a wide range of life challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and bereavement. I’m also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing), a highly effective approach for those affected by trauma and PTSD.
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming — even when, from the outside, everything seems fine. You may be coping with loss, anxiety, trauma, or a sense of being stuck. My role is to offer a calm, confidential space where you can begin to explore what’s happening and gently make sense of it, at your own pace. I’m an integrative therapist with extensive experience supporting adults through a wide range of life challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and bereavement. I’m also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing), a highly effective approach for those affected by trauma and PTSD.
01980 880816 View 01980 880816

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Chorleywood

10+

Average cost per session

£70

Counsellors in Chorleywood who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
92% Anxiety
92% Stress
85% Self Esteem
77% Bereavement
69% Depression
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Bupa
80% AXA PPP
40% Aviva

How Counsellors in Chorleywood see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Chorleywood?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.