Counselling in Catshill

Photo of Lianne Crofts - Magenta Owl, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Magenta Owl
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
Both in and out of sessions, I encourage self-care and self-compassion. Having diagnoses of both Autism and ADHD, I focus on neurodivergence and how it can impact wellbeing and self-esteem. I also work with adult daughters who have destabilising or unhealthy relationships with their mothers... moving toward greater self-respect and autonomy here is vital for your own growth. We will agree on "homework" tasks; utilising boundary-setting, CBT and NLP for optimal outcomes. If you are committed to deepening self-understanding, contact me to talk about how we might work together towards your better, bolder, more liberated future.
Both in and out of sessions, I encourage self-care and self-compassion. Having diagnoses of both Autism and ADHD, I focus on neurodivergence and how it can impact wellbeing and self-esteem. I also work with adult daughters who have destabilising or unhealthy relationships with their mothers... moving toward greater self-respect and autonomy here is vital for your own growth. We will agree on "homework" tasks; utilising boundary-setting, CBT and NLP for optimal outcomes. If you are committed to deepening self-understanding, contact me to talk about how we might work together towards your better, bolder, more liberated future.
01527 962131 View 01527 962131
Photo of Rachel Rutherford, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Rachel Rutherford
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Serves Area
Whether you're struggling with executive dysfunction, low self esteem, low mood, anxiety disorders, orsimply feeling stuck, I can help by offering practical strategies to help you move forward, as well as giving you the space and time to fully explore your experiences. My role is to support and empower you to build confidence, motivation, and clarity in life. I am a registered CBT therapist with an occupational therapy background. I have been supporting people in social care and mental health roles since 2008. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on real change.
Whether you're struggling with executive dysfunction, low self esteem, low mood, anxiety disorders, orsimply feeling stuck, I can help by offering practical strategies to help you move forward, as well as giving you the space and time to fully explore your experiences. My role is to support and empower you to build confidence, motivation, and clarity in life. I am a registered CBT therapist with an occupational therapy background. I have been supporting people in social care and mental health roles since 2008. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on real change.
01527 741439 View 01527 741439

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Katie Rose - Katie Rose at MindHub , Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Katie Rose at MindHub
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Evesham WR11
I'm here to help you make sense of whatever it is that is making you feel stuck. My aim is to give you the tools to be able to shift whatever it is that isn't working in your life. CBT can be especially helpful for managing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and unhelpful thinking patterns. Within couples work, I strive to help couples become 'unstuck', stop having the same argument on repeat, and feel close again - without turning therapy into a blame game. My work is about creating real connection, clearer communication, and providing you with the tools to make myself redundant in your life.
I'm here to help you make sense of whatever it is that is making you feel stuck. My aim is to give you the tools to be able to shift whatever it is that isn't working in your life. CBT can be especially helpful for managing anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and unhelpful thinking patterns. Within couples work, I strive to help couples become 'unstuck', stop having the same argument on repeat, and feel close again - without turning therapy into a blame game. My work is about creating real connection, clearer communication, and providing you with the tools to make myself redundant in your life.
01386 577263 View 01386 577263
Photo of Alice Knox, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Alice Knox
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Taking the first step into therapy can feel daunting, especially if you’re used to coping on your own. You might be functioning on the outside, but inside you feel overwhelmed, emotionally drained, or stuck in patterns that are getting you down. If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone and you don’t have to carry it by yourself. Many of the people I work with come to therapy feeling anxious, low, overwhelmed, or disconnected from themselves or others. You may have an idea of what feels wrong, but feel unsure how to move forward, or whether change is possible.
Taking the first step into therapy can feel daunting, especially if you’re used to coping on your own. You might be functioning on the outside, but inside you feel overwhelmed, emotionally drained, or stuck in patterns that are getting you down. If that sounds familiar, you’re not alone and you don’t have to carry it by yourself. Many of the people I work with come to therapy feeling anxious, low, overwhelmed, or disconnected from themselves or others. You may have an idea of what feels wrong, but feel unsure how to move forward, or whether change is possible.
0121 726 1080 View 0121 726 1080
Photo of Charlotte McGilligan, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Charlotte McGilligan
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Telford TF3
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist practicing in various types of therapies and interventions. I take an autonomous approach to each individual client and have the expertise to deliver person centred therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychodynamic therapy and attachment theory.
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist practicing in various types of therapies and interventions. I take an autonomous approach to each individual client and have the expertise to deliver person centred therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychodynamic therapy and attachment theory.
01952 458178 View 01952 458178
Photo of Rebekah Russon, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Rebekah Russon
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
For many of us, life has been difficult from the very beginning in all kinds of ways. There are many obstacles that we must endure and overcome throughout our lives as we grow into complete people. It is understandable that there are times we struggle to catch our breath or even get out of bed - days when we have the weight of the world on our shoulders and can’t quite muster the strength needed to carry it. If you're reading this and struggling - I believe you can overcome the pain of the past and/or the burdens of your now, to live the life you want.
For many of us, life has been difficult from the very beginning in all kinds of ways. There are many obstacles that we must endure and overcome throughout our lives as we grow into complete people. It is understandable that there are times we struggle to catch our breath or even get out of bed - days when we have the weight of the world on our shoulders and can’t quite muster the strength needed to carry it. If you're reading this and struggling - I believe you can overcome the pain of the past and/or the burdens of your now, to live the life you want.
01386 576390 View 01386 576390
Photo of Julie Foster - Julie Foster Accred Counsellor/Clinical Supervisor, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Julie Foster Accred Counsellor/Clinical Supervisor
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Perhaps you've been told you are too sensitive, too much, or not enough. Perhaps you've spent so long adjusting yourself to keep the peace that you're no longer quite sure who you are. Or perhaps you're a counsellor carrying the weight of complex client work and longing for supervision that genuinely meets the depth of what you bring. I am a nurse, midwife and counsellor with many years of clinical experience, and I offer both therapy and clinical supervision. I have spent my whole career sitting with people in some of life's most difficult moments; I do not shy away from the hard stuff and will meet you warmly wherever you are.
Perhaps you've been told you are too sensitive, too much, or not enough. Perhaps you've spent so long adjusting yourself to keep the peace that you're no longer quite sure who you are. Or perhaps you're a counsellor carrying the weight of complex client work and longing for supervision that genuinely meets the depth of what you bring. I am a nurse, midwife and counsellor with many years of clinical experience, and I offer both therapy and clinical supervision. I have spent my whole career sitting with people in some of life's most difficult moments; I do not shy away from the hard stuff and will meet you warmly wherever you are.
01886 358865 View 01886 358865
Photo of Tarma Bayliss - Person Centred Therapy UK, Psychologist, GMBPsS
Person Centred Therapy UK
Psychologist, GMBPsS
Therapy can often involve seeing a professional, responding to questions that will help them figure out what's wrong, and taking another person's advice on how to deal with their difficulties. However, I offer a more humanistic approach to therapy, in which I will support you as you embark on a journey of self-discovery and help you find the solutions you've been looking for. You are, after all, the authority on your own life. I offer online and face to face sessions, equine therapy and walk and talk therapy. www.personcentredtherapy.uk
Therapy can often involve seeing a professional, responding to questions that will help them figure out what's wrong, and taking another person's advice on how to deal with their difficulties. However, I offer a more humanistic approach to therapy, in which I will support you as you embark on a journey of self-discovery and help you find the solutions you've been looking for. You are, after all, the authority on your own life. I offer online and face to face sessions, equine therapy and walk and talk therapy. www.personcentredtherapy.uk
01242 503905 View 01242 503905
Photo of Dr Rebecca Ryan, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Rebecca Ryan
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Life can be challenging and we're all doing our best to navigate it. That's where therapy comes in - a safe space where you can be heard, understood, & realise that you're not alone. As a Clinical Psychologist, I have trained and practiced in a variety of evidence-based psychological models (e.g. such as compassion-focussed therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, attachment,DDP, DBT, CBT), meaning I can offer you a truly bespoke therapeutic experience. I have worked in adult services, children's services, forensics and I support construction companies with mental health support. I also take clients who live outside the UK.
Life can be challenging and we're all doing our best to navigate it. That's where therapy comes in - a safe space where you can be heard, understood, & realise that you're not alone. As a Clinical Psychologist, I have trained and practiced in a variety of evidence-based psychological models (e.g. such as compassion-focussed therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, attachment,DDP, DBT, CBT), meaning I can offer you a truly bespoke therapeutic experience. I have worked in adult services, children's services, forensics and I support construction companies with mental health support. I also take clients who live outside the UK.
0121 816 0079 View 0121 816 0079
Photo of Gavin Crisp, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Gavin Crisp
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Hi, I’m Gav, an accredited Psychological Therapist offering therapy in Birmingham and surrounding areas. With over 18 years’ experience, I support adults, children and young people with their mental health and self-development. You might be feeling stuck, anxious, overwhelmed, disconnected or struggling with confidence or self-worth. I focus on helping you make sense of what’s going on and creating meaningful, sustainable change. I work in a tailored, collaborative way, using evidence-based therapies and coaching tools to support growth, build confidence and help you feel more connected, capable and confident in yourself.
Hi, I’m Gav, an accredited Psychological Therapist offering therapy in Birmingham and surrounding areas. With over 18 years’ experience, I support adults, children and young people with their mental health and self-development. You might be feeling stuck, anxious, overwhelmed, disconnected or struggling with confidence or self-worth. I focus on helping you make sense of what’s going on and creating meaningful, sustainable change. I work in a tailored, collaborative way, using evidence-based therapies and coaching tools to support growth, build confidence and help you feel more connected, capable and confident in yourself.
0121 227 9899 View 0121 227 9899
Photo of Dr Satbinder Kaur Bhogal, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Satbinder Kaur Bhogal
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
I work with both children and adults, and have a strong interest in supporting those who have experienced complex or relational trauma, with or without self-harming or suicidal behaviour. I work with a range of mental health difficulties, including anxiety and depression. I also support couples experiencing challenges in their relationship, helping them understand the emotional conflicts that leave the relationship strained or at risk of ending without support. There is no one-size-fits-all therapeutic approach, so I place importance on developing a shared understanding of the core emotional issues that affect you.
I work with both children and adults, and have a strong interest in supporting those who have experienced complex or relational trauma, with or without self-harming or suicidal behaviour. I work with a range of mental health difficulties, including anxiety and depression. I also support couples experiencing challenges in their relationship, helping them understand the emotional conflicts that leave the relationship strained or at risk of ending without support. There is no one-size-fits-all therapeutic approach, so I place importance on developing a shared understanding of the core emotional issues that affect you.
01564 334869 View 01564 334869
Photo of Rum Samasuwo, Counsellor, MBACP
Rum Samasuwo
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
My ideal client may seem to cope on the outside but feel anxious, overwhelmed, or unsure inside. I’m especially passionate about supporting young people navigating identity, self-esteem, relationships, and life pressures. I also work with adults who feel stuck in patterns or disconnected from themselves. As an integrative therapist with a person-centred foundation, I tailor therapy to you while keeping our relationship at the heart of the work. I’m relaxed and down-to-earth — I can laugh with you when things feel light and sit beside you when they feel heavy.
My ideal client may seem to cope on the outside but feel anxious, overwhelmed, or unsure inside. I’m especially passionate about supporting young people navigating identity, self-esteem, relationships, and life pressures. I also work with adults who feel stuck in patterns or disconnected from themselves. As an integrative therapist with a person-centred foundation, I tailor therapy to you while keeping our relationship at the heart of the work. I’m relaxed and down-to-earth — I can laugh with you when things feel light and sit beside you when they feel heavy.
024 7542 4156 View 024 7542 4156
Photo of Martyn Pars, Counsellor, MBACP
Martyn Pars
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
My Offer To You: Being heard, understood, believed in and supported. We all need this kind of support at some point in our lives. This is my offer to you. I am an accredited professional registrant counsellor psychotherapist (PNCPS acc.) registered through the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP reg) which means I am held on the Professional Standards Authority Accredited Register thus ensuring protection to the public. I am a BUPA and Harley Street Online registered therapist and I have a particular interest in those with later in life ADHD diagnosis or suspect they might be
My Offer To You: Being heard, understood, believed in and supported. We all need this kind of support at some point in our lives. This is my offer to you. I am an accredited professional registrant counsellor psychotherapist (PNCPS acc.) registered through the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP reg) which means I am held on the Professional Standards Authority Accredited Register thus ensuring protection to the public. I am a BUPA and Harley Street Online registered therapist and I have a particular interest in those with later in life ADHD diagnosis or suspect they might be
01242 507893 View 01242 507893
Photo of Hayley Gould, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Hayley Gould
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck in cycles of worry, low mood, overthinking or self doubt. Perhaps your mental health is affecting your sleep, your confidence or your relationships and you're tired of just coping and want real change. I offer a calm, supportive space where we can make sense of whats happening and work together towards practical, lasting improvements. As a BABCP accredited CBT therapist, I tailor each session to your goals so therapy feels focused, collaborative and meaningful.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck in cycles of worry, low mood, overthinking or self doubt. Perhaps your mental health is affecting your sleep, your confidence or your relationships and you're tired of just coping and want real change. I offer a calm, supportive space where we can make sense of whats happening and work together towards practical, lasting improvements. As a BABCP accredited CBT therapist, I tailor each session to your goals so therapy feels focused, collaborative and meaningful.
01527 918596 View 01527 918596
Photo of Carl Flynn Msc Bsc Pg Dip, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Carl Flynn Msc Bsc Pg Dip
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, scared, confused, angry, used and abused? Do you need someone to speak with, who will explore your concerns with you and support you to achieve greater balance and happiness in your life? Call me to help you create a brighter future.
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, scared, confused, angry, used and abused? Do you need someone to speak with, who will explore your concerns with you and support you to achieve greater balance and happiness in your life? Call me to help you create a brighter future.
0121 726 1276 View 0121 726 1276
Photo of Samantha Smith, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Samantha Smith
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
Hi, I’m Sam, an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist supporting people experiencing anxiety disorders. These can include OCD, phobias, social anxiety, generalised anxiety, panic disorder, self-esteem and health anxiety. I also support people experiencing low mood, trauma-related difficulties, and sleep issues. I have significant experience supporting children and young people (and their families) working within NHS services.
Hi, I’m Sam, an experienced Cognitive Behavioural Therapist supporting people experiencing anxiety disorders. These can include OCD, phobias, social anxiety, generalised anxiety, panic disorder, self-esteem and health anxiety. I also support people experiencing low mood, trauma-related difficulties, and sleep issues. I have significant experience supporting children and young people (and their families) working within NHS services.
024 7526 2738 View 024 7526 2738
Photo of Dr Dominique Fray-Aitken - DFA Psychology, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
DFA Psychology
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Are you feeling low, overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward? Perhaps you’re struggling with your mood, anxiety, relationships, or the impact of past experiences. You may feel disconnected, stressed, or weighed down by responsibilities. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds who want to understand themselves better, make sense of their emotions, and feel more grounded and supported in their everyday lives.
Are you feeling low, overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward? Perhaps you’re struggling with your mood, anxiety, relationships, or the impact of past experiences. You may feel disconnected, stressed, or weighed down by responsibilities. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds who want to understand themselves better, make sense of their emotions, and feel more grounded and supported in their everyday lives.
View
Photo of Dr Sophie Gwinnett, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Sophie Gwinnett
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
I am a HCPC registered clinical psychologist with over 20 years experience and I am the owner of Brightside Psychology. At Brightside we offer a welcoming and compassionate space to explore your difficulties. Trained in a variety of evidence-based therapies including CBT and EMDR, our expert team will tailor interventions to your unique needs. We are highly experienced in working with anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, grief, relationship difficulties and more. We are also specialists in health anxiety and health trauma. Please get in touch today to book your free consultation and discover how me and my team can help you.
I am a HCPC registered clinical psychologist with over 20 years experience and I am the owner of Brightside Psychology. At Brightside we offer a welcoming and compassionate space to explore your difficulties. Trained in a variety of evidence-based therapies including CBT and EMDR, our expert team will tailor interventions to your unique needs. We are highly experienced in working with anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, grief, relationship difficulties and more. We are also specialists in health anxiety and health trauma. Please get in touch today to book your free consultation and discover how me and my team can help you.
01922 214818 View 01922 214818
Photo of Donna Clipstone, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Donna Clipstone
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I believe that everybody has the desire and the ability to live a fulfilled life. I provide a non-judgemental space in which you can share any problems, either past or present, that you wish to explore. Together we will work towards making positive changes, whether they be to your current circumstances or in your approach to life.
I believe that everybody has the desire and the ability to live a fulfilled life. I provide a non-judgemental space in which you can share any problems, either past or present, that you wish to explore. Together we will work towards making positive changes, whether they be to your current circumstances or in your approach to life.
0121 661 2850 View 0121 661 2850
Photo of Lisa Marie Carter - Lisa Marie Therapy, Counsellor, BACP
Lisa Marie Therapy
Counsellor, BACP
Are you feeling overwhelmed and feel you have no one to talk to? Seeking out the services of a suitable therapist can be daunting. Perhaps you are currently undergoing a particularly stressful or distressing period in your life, struggling to cope with daily pressures at home or work, experiencing feelings of sadness or loss, relationship difficulties, or unforeseen changes in your personal circumstances. Maybe you are seeking help with a mental health issue such as anxiety or depression, aiming to find ways of better managing your condition and its impact on your everyday life. Whatever your reasons for seeking therapy, I’m here.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and feel you have no one to talk to? Seeking out the services of a suitable therapist can be daunting. Perhaps you are currently undergoing a particularly stressful or distressing period in your life, struggling to cope with daily pressures at home or work, experiencing feelings of sadness or loss, relationship difficulties, or unforeseen changes in your personal circumstances. Maybe you are seeking help with a mental health issue such as anxiety or depression, aiming to find ways of better managing your condition and its impact on your everyday life. Whatever your reasons for seeking therapy, I’m here.
0121 661 4322 View 0121 661 4322

See more therapy options for Catshill

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Catshill

< 10

Counsellors in Catshill who prioritize treating:

100% ADHD
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)
100% Anger Management
100% Stress
100% Neurodivergence

Average years in practice

8 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in Catshill see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Catshill?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.