Counselling in Cambridge

Photo of Kate Low, Counsellor, MUKCP
Kate Low
Counsellor, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
I bring kindness and curiosity to our work together, creating a supportive and collaborative space where we can begin to make meaning of your experience. As we reflect on your past and present, your relational patterns, and your ways of being in the world, space can be created to process your thoughts and emotions and to explore new perspectives. By encouraging an interest in your feelings in the present moment and the truth of your immediate experience, I nurture self-acceptance and self-compassion. Therapy can help you to process your difficulties and feel more connected, allowing for a greater sense of freedom in everyday life.
I bring kindness and curiosity to our work together, creating a supportive and collaborative space where we can begin to make meaning of your experience. As we reflect on your past and present, your relational patterns, and your ways of being in the world, space can be created to process your thoughts and emotions and to explore new perspectives. By encouraging an interest in your feelings in the present moment and the truth of your immediate experience, I nurture self-acceptance and self-compassion. Therapy can help you to process your difficulties and feel more connected, allowing for a greater sense of freedom in everyday life.
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Photo of Glenn Nicholls, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Glenn Nicholls
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Psychotherapeutic work is relational in nature and so it requires a genuine personal engagement. The challenge is having conversations that break us out of ourselves, our stories, dramas and fear. Psychotherapy and counselling are about seeing a new way of relating to ourselves and others, to life and to the world.
Psychotherapeutic work is relational in nature and so it requires a genuine personal engagement. The challenge is having conversations that break us out of ourselves, our stories, dramas and fear. Psychotherapy and counselling are about seeing a new way of relating to ourselves and others, to life and to the world.
07968 904999 View 07968 904999
Photo of Claire Atherton, Counsellor, BACP
Claire Atherton
Counsellor, BACP
Cambridge CB23
I am here to listen, understand and help you navigate life's challenges with compassion and expertise. I aim to guide you on your journey, offering hope, with integrative techniques where counselling is tailored to your own mental, physical and emotional needs. When you are ready to make contact you are ready for change.
I am here to listen, understand and help you navigate life's challenges with compassion and expertise. I aim to guide you on your journey, offering hope, with integrative techniques where counselling is tailored to your own mental, physical and emotional needs. When you are ready to make contact you are ready for change.
01954 770155 View 01954 770155
Photo of Natalie Casey, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Natalie Casey
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Cambridge CB23
I help people overcome their fears and limitations and live more fully, freely and confidently. I offer a safe, warm and empathetic space in which you can feel able to explore your thoughts and feelings in an open and trusted environment. I use a unique combination of trauma informed CBT, Psychodynamic, Hypnosis, Coaching, Meditation, Mindfulness and Stress Management techniques, which are all evidence-based (based on the latest scientific evidence) to overcome anxiety, and increase self esteem. I believe the therapeutic relationship is of great importance, built on trust, respect and collaboration.
I help people overcome their fears and limitations and live more fully, freely and confidently. I offer a safe, warm and empathetic space in which you can feel able to explore your thoughts and feelings in an open and trusted environment. I use a unique combination of trauma informed CBT, Psychodynamic, Hypnosis, Coaching, Meditation, Mindfulness and Stress Management techniques, which are all evidence-based (based on the latest scientific evidence) to overcome anxiety, and increase self esteem. I believe the therapeutic relationship is of great importance, built on trust, respect and collaboration.
01954 776123 View 01954 776123
Photo of Francesca Amor, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Francesca Amor
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I'm a fully accredited counsellor for individuals and couples, supervisor, group therapist, and a certified Psychosexual therapist. I'm non-judgemental, empathetic and approachable. I work with people from all walks of life, regardless of sexuality, sexual orientation, gender, culture, race, age or religion. If you'd like to work on yourself, be more self-aware and confident, work on your relationships, on new plans and new choices, contact me. We will look at what you would like to achieve and working towards that together. I am here to help to make your life better, you chose what to work on and we work together to get you there.
I'm a fully accredited counsellor for individuals and couples, supervisor, group therapist, and a certified Psychosexual therapist. I'm non-judgemental, empathetic and approachable. I work with people from all walks of life, regardless of sexuality, sexual orientation, gender, culture, race, age or religion. If you'd like to work on yourself, be more self-aware and confident, work on your relationships, on new plans and new choices, contact me. We will look at what you would like to achieve and working towards that together. I am here to help to make your life better, you chose what to work on and we work together to get you there.
01223 755102 View 01223 755102
Photo of Clair Lewoski - Cambridge Therapies, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Cambridge Therapies
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Cambridge CB22
Why we come to therapy may not necessarily at first appear connected to relationships in our lives past or present. What often becomes evident however, is that the relationship we have with ourselves, such as with our thoughts, feelings, desires, worries and concerns may be a source of difficulty for us. Looking at this relationship together offers a route to transformation.
Why we come to therapy may not necessarily at first appear connected to relationships in our lives past or present. What often becomes evident however, is that the relationship we have with ourselves, such as with our thoughts, feelings, desires, worries and concerns may be a source of difficulty for us. Looking at this relationship together offers a route to transformation.
07789 916777 View 07789 916777
Photo of Lizzie Felter, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Lizzie Felter
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Waitlist for new clients
I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years' experience of working with adults in NHS secondary care mental health services, as well as working in private practice. I am experienced in delivering psychological therapy for a wide range of difficulties including depression, generalised anxiety, health anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD and other long term consequences of trauma. I also offer therapy to people who do not have a mental health diagnosis but who would like help to understand, cope with, and change emotional difficulties they are experiencing.
I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with over 10 years' experience of working with adults in NHS secondary care mental health services, as well as working in private practice. I am experienced in delivering psychological therapy for a wide range of difficulties including depression, generalised anxiety, health anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, OCD, and PTSD and other long term consequences of trauma. I also offer therapy to people who do not have a mental health diagnosis but who would like help to understand, cope with, and change emotional difficulties they are experiencing.
01223 972859 View 01223 972859
Dr Melanie Rein
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
I am an analytical psychologist, psychotherapist, and supervisor based in Cambridge. While I work with a wide variety of people who have a range of issues and concerns, each person who comes to see me is special and each problem or concern they have is unique to them. Some of the concerns and issues that bring people to contact me are deep trauma and feelings of desperation, while others find themselves faced with an unexpected situation or difficult decision or want to explore and develop a deeper understanding of their life experience.
I am an analytical psychologist, psychotherapist, and supervisor based in Cambridge. While I work with a wide variety of people who have a range of issues and concerns, each person who comes to see me is special and each problem or concern they have is unique to them. Some of the concerns and issues that bring people to contact me are deep trauma and feelings of desperation, while others find themselves faced with an unexpected situation or difficult decision or want to explore and develop a deeper understanding of their life experience.
01223 679962 View 01223 679962
Photo of Claire McNamara-Wright - Re-Mind Counselling , Counsellor, MBACP
Re-Mind Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you going through a difficult time, experiencing feelings that are challenging and would like to explore them in a safe, non-judgemental, and confidential space? I work with clients for an array of different reasons, from childhood trauma, relationship, family issues, low self-esteem, anxiety and depression issues through to professional, motivational issues. Helping clients to sort out what isn't working in their lives and to gain personal and or professional growth.
Are you going through a difficult time, experiencing feelings that are challenging and would like to explore them in a safe, non-judgemental, and confidential space? I work with clients for an array of different reasons, from childhood trauma, relationship, family issues, low self-esteem, anxiety and depression issues through to professional, motivational issues. Helping clients to sort out what isn't working in their lives and to gain personal and or professional growth.
01223 658796 View 01223 658796
Photo of Dr Kirsten Keighley - Dr Kirsten Keighley - Binge Eating Therapist, Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
I support people with binge eating, emotional eating, weight loss struggles, eating disorders, ADHD, Autism, low self-esteem, and bulimia. I have 17 years’ experience as a behaviour change and obesity prevention scientist at Cambridge University. I help clients discover and take charge of their hidden eating triggers and transform their relationship with food. Sessions often focus on getting freedom from constant thoughts about food and weight and escaping the cycle of yo-yo dieting. Gain understanding about what has prevented you from recovery in the past so you can overcome that, and live life without restriction or bingeing.
I support people with binge eating, emotional eating, weight loss struggles, eating disorders, ADHD, Autism, low self-esteem, and bulimia. I have 17 years’ experience as a behaviour change and obesity prevention scientist at Cambridge University. I help clients discover and take charge of their hidden eating triggers and transform their relationship with food. Sessions often focus on getting freedom from constant thoughts about food and weight and escaping the cycle of yo-yo dieting. Gain understanding about what has prevented you from recovery in the past so you can overcome that, and live life without restriction or bingeing.
01954 776163 View 01954 776163
Photo of Esthella Cortes, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Esthella Cortes
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
I am a registered and insured psychoanalyst with extensive clinical experience in mental health. As well as being a clinician, I have spent years researching autism during my PhD in Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge. I am also an MD (Medical Doctor) with extensive experience in psychiatry placements, which has deeply informed my approach to psychoanalytic practice. I offer personalized psychoanalytic services in comfortable settings in Cambridge and London, or online via secure video sessions for anyone based in the UK. My services are available in both English and Spanish to ensure you can express yourself in the language
I am a registered and insured psychoanalyst with extensive clinical experience in mental health. As well as being a clinician, I have spent years researching autism during my PhD in Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge. I am also an MD (Medical Doctor) with extensive experience in psychiatry placements, which has deeply informed my approach to psychoanalytic practice. I offer personalized psychoanalytic services in comfortable settings in Cambridge and London, or online via secure video sessions for anyone based in the UK. My services are available in both English and Spanish to ensure you can express yourself in the language
01223 679836 View 01223 679836
Photo of Tara Pepper Goldsmith, Psychotherapist, ACP
Tara Pepper Goldsmith
Psychotherapist, ACP
Not accepting new clients
I am a qualified Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist, with a decade of experience within the NHS, including CAMHS, and inpatient services at Great Ormond Street Hospital. I trained to doctoral level at the Tavistock & Portman NHS Trust. I am able to work with young people up to age 25, presenting with a wide range of difficulties, including depression, anxiety or panic, self harm, struggles with school and learning, friendships, family relationships, or bereavement, trauma, separation anxieties, low self-esteem, anger and emotional regulation difficulties, disordered eating, or questions about gender and sexuality.
I am a qualified Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist, with a decade of experience within the NHS, including CAMHS, and inpatient services at Great Ormond Street Hospital. I trained to doctoral level at the Tavistock & Portman NHS Trust. I am able to work with young people up to age 25, presenting with a wide range of difficulties, including depression, anxiety or panic, self harm, struggles with school and learning, friendships, family relationships, or bereavement, trauma, separation anxieties, low self-esteem, anger and emotional regulation difficulties, disordered eating, or questions about gender and sexuality.
01223 637035 View 01223 637035
Photo of Katie Williams, Counsellor, MBACP
Katie Williams
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
Are you struggling with OCD, Anxiety or Depression? Do you feel your self esteem is affected by your difficulties ? If you are feeling alone or overwhelmed by it all I’m here to help. I have over 13 years experience treating a variety of emotional and mental health difficulties. I provide a confidential and compassionate space for you to talk about your difficulties without judgement. I will help you work out your goals for therapy during an assessment of needs and together we will form a treatment plan that suits you.
Are you struggling with OCD, Anxiety or Depression? Do you feel your self esteem is affected by your difficulties ? If you are feeling alone or overwhelmed by it all I’m here to help. I have over 13 years experience treating a variety of emotional and mental health difficulties. I provide a confidential and compassionate space for you to talk about your difficulties without judgement. I will help you work out your goals for therapy during an assessment of needs and together we will form a treatment plan that suits you.
020 8138 8751 View 020 8138 8751
Photo of Harbans Nagpal, Psychotherapist, MBBS
Harbans Nagpal
Psychotherapist, MBBS
I am a Lacanian psychotherapist and psychoanalyst with 25 years of experience. I treat eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia and obesity, and addictions such as to nicotine, cannabis, gambling, sex, chocolate, tea and coffee. After my training in medicine (Oxford, Cambridge) I worked in London and at the American Hospital of Paris. To specialize, I trained in psychiatry and psychoanalysis (with Jacques Lacan at the École Freudienne) in Paris. For many years I was a Consultant Psychiatrist at Saint Anne’s Hospital in Paris. For the last twenty years I have worked as a specialised psychotherapist. Do take a look at my website.
I am a Lacanian psychotherapist and psychoanalyst with 25 years of experience. I treat eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia and obesity, and addictions such as to nicotine, cannabis, gambling, sex, chocolate, tea and coffee. After my training in medicine (Oxford, Cambridge) I worked in London and at the American Hospital of Paris. To specialize, I trained in psychiatry and psychoanalysis (with Jacques Lacan at the École Freudienne) in Paris. For many years I was a Consultant Psychiatrist at Saint Anne’s Hospital in Paris. For the last twenty years I have worked as a specialised psychotherapist. Do take a look at my website.
01223 679756 View 01223 679756
Photo of Sharon Daniel, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Sharon Daniel
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
I am an experience therapist and have supported people with a wide range of challenges, and over the years I have developed a particular interest in family systems and trauma — I have completed additional training in these areas, deepening my ability to support clients in exploring complex patterns and the lasting effects of past experiences. I believe that my own ongoing personal development is key to being a present and authentic practitioner. I have specialised training in couples work using the Gestalt method, this often means learning to recognise the “dance” you’ve been caught in and find a new way find to relate.
I am an experience therapist and have supported people with a wide range of challenges, and over the years I have developed a particular interest in family systems and trauma — I have completed additional training in these areas, deepening my ability to support clients in exploring complex patterns and the lasting effects of past experiences. I believe that my own ongoing personal development is key to being a present and authentic practitioner. I have specialised training in couples work using the Gestalt method, this often means learning to recognise the “dance” you’ve been caught in and find a new way find to relate.
01223 679779 View 01223 679779
Photo of Stephen Powell, Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Stephen Powell
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
I offer low-cost, confidential counselling in Cambridge for adults and students. I’m a trainee counsellor working under regular supervision and I welcome those who are new to therapy. You might be dealing with anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, self-criticism or feeling stuck during a life transition. My approach is warm, collaborative and paced to you. Together we’ll make sense of what’s happening, develop kinder inner dialogue, and find steadier ground. Sessions are 50 minutes in a comfortable room near CB1 3AN, with some evening availability. Fees: £30 (concessions for students/low income).
I offer low-cost, confidential counselling in Cambridge for adults and students. I’m a trainee counsellor working under regular supervision and I welcome those who are new to therapy. You might be dealing with anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, self-criticism or feeling stuck during a life transition. My approach is warm, collaborative and paced to you. Together we’ll make sense of what’s happening, develop kinder inner dialogue, and find steadier ground. Sessions are 50 minutes in a comfortable room near CB1 3AN, with some evening availability. Fees: £30 (concessions for students/low income).
01223 869485 View 01223 869485
Photo of Kostis Tsoumpris, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Kostis Tsoumpris
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
When you contact me initially I will walk you through some of the options and if we decide to work together I will meet you (or you and your family/significant people in your life) ‘where you are’ in life. We may decide to focus on getting a better understanding of the ways that your early experiences have influenced the ways you perceive the world and relate to people around you. We may focus purely on the present and your goals for the future. Based on your circumstances we may decide to do some time limited or long term therapy.
When you contact me initially I will walk you through some of the options and if we decide to work together I will meet you (or you and your family/significant people in your life) ‘where you are’ in life. We may decide to focus on getting a better understanding of the ways that your early experiences have influenced the ways you perceive the world and relate to people around you. We may focus purely on the present and your goals for the future. Based on your circumstances we may decide to do some time limited or long term therapy.
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Photo of Monika Kubaczewska-Szymanska, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Monika Kubaczewska-Szymanska
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Cambridge CB21
I am a qualified integrative counsellor ,CBT psychotherapist working towards accreditation and a EFT couples therapist . I work mainly in the humanistic approach, and I also use elements from other approaches such as CBT (cognitive-behavioural therapy) or psychodynamic therapy, which allows me to choose optimal therapeutic strategies for each client individually. The values ​​on which the humanistic approach is based, such as empathy, respect, authenticity and perception of values ​​in every human being, are very close to me. I firmly believe that being truly understood, heard and accepted the way you are can change our lives.
I am a qualified integrative counsellor ,CBT psychotherapist working towards accreditation and a EFT couples therapist . I work mainly in the humanistic approach, and I also use elements from other approaches such as CBT (cognitive-behavioural therapy) or psychodynamic therapy, which allows me to choose optimal therapeutic strategies for each client individually. The values ​​on which the humanistic approach is based, such as empathy, respect, authenticity and perception of values ​​in every human being, are very close to me. I firmly believe that being truly understood, heard and accepted the way you are can change our lives.
01223 869475 View 01223 869475
Photo of Dr Jonathan O’Keeffe - Dr Jonathan O'Keeffe - Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Jonathan O'Keeffe - Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Online Only
Hi, I’m Jonathan. I offer compassionate support for a wide range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, stress, panic attacks, feelings of shame, and low self‑esteem. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from your sense of purpose, I provide a safe space to explore what’s happening and move toward meaningful change. Whether you're navigating relationship difficulties, grappling with identity, sexuality, or aspects of neurodiversity such as ADHD and autism - I can support you to make sense and overcome pain. As a foster carer, I also bring unique insight into the emotional impact of fostering and adoption.
Hi, I’m Jonathan. I offer compassionate support for a wide range of challenges, including depression, anxiety, stress, panic attacks, feelings of shame, and low self‑esteem. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from your sense of purpose, I provide a safe space to explore what’s happening and move toward meaningful change. Whether you're navigating relationship difficulties, grappling with identity, sexuality, or aspects of neurodiversity such as ADHD and autism - I can support you to make sense and overcome pain. As a foster carer, I also bring unique insight into the emotional impact of fostering and adoption.
01223 912709 View 01223 912709
Photo of Rachael Forder, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Music Therap.
Rachael Forder
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Music Therap.
Cambridge CB23
I am a creative therapist registered with the HCPC and have been practicing for several years. I primarily work with children and adults who have experienced trauma, or are experiencing poor mental health. The client may be coming to therapy to work on processing their trauma, exploring their emotions, working towards finding the root cause, or finding ways to express their feelings and delve into their unconscious in creative, non-directive ways. Mainly, they want to explore their issues and create a better life for themselves.
I am a creative therapist registered with the HCPC and have been practicing for several years. I primarily work with children and adults who have experienced trauma, or are experiencing poor mental health. The client may be coming to therapy to work on processing their trauma, exploring their emotions, working towards finding the root cause, or finding ways to express their feelings and delve into their unconscious in creative, non-directive ways. Mainly, they want to explore their issues and create a better life for themselves.
01223 658394 View 01223 658394

See more therapy options for Cambridge

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Cambridge

400+

Average cost per session

£70

Counsellors in Cambridge who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
83% Depression
80% Self Esteem
76% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
55% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aviva
67% AXA PPP
53% Bupa

How Counsellors in Cambridge see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.