Counselling in Bromsgrove

Photo of Angela Johnson, Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Angela Johnson
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Hi, I’m an Accredited EMDR Consultant and a BABCP Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist (CBT) and an with extensive experience supporting individuals through trauma, PTSD, anxiety, OCD, depression, stress, bereavement, relationship difficulties, social anxiety, and low self-esteem. I am particularly passionate about supporting individuals who have experienced trauma. My approach is warm, compassionate, and focussed on building resilience and lasting change. I offer both short-term and long-term therapy, integrating CBT and EMDR, along with other modes of therapy to create a personalised treatment approach.
Hi, I’m an Accredited EMDR Consultant and a BABCP Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist (CBT) and an with extensive experience supporting individuals through trauma, PTSD, anxiety, OCD, depression, stress, bereavement, relationship difficulties, social anxiety, and low self-esteem. I am particularly passionate about supporting individuals who have experienced trauma. My approach is warm, compassionate, and focussed on building resilience and lasting change. I offer both short-term and long-term therapy, integrating CBT and EMDR, along with other modes of therapy to create a personalised treatment approach.
01527 741469 View 01527 741469
Photo of Rachel Rutherford, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Rachel Rutherford
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Whether you're struggling with executive dysfunction, low self esteem, low mood, anxiety disorders, orsimply feeling stuck, I can help by offering practical strategies to help you move forward, as well as giving you the space and time to fully explore your experiences. My role is to support and empower you to build confidence, motivation, and clarity in life. I am a registered CBT therapist with an occupational therapy background. I have been supporting people in social care and mental health roles since 2008. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on real change.
Whether you're struggling with executive dysfunction, low self esteem, low mood, anxiety disorders, orsimply feeling stuck, I can help by offering practical strategies to help you move forward, as well as giving you the space and time to fully explore your experiences. My role is to support and empower you to build confidence, motivation, and clarity in life. I am a registered CBT therapist with an occupational therapy background. I have been supporting people in social care and mental health roles since 2008. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on real change.
01527 741439 View 01527 741439
Photo of Liz Saunders, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Liz Saunders
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Hi and welcome to my profile! I am a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) with the BABCP. We can all experience difficult times in our lives that we may require help and support with.  When we experience distress we can often have negative feelings and thoughts which can influence how we react to a certain situation. We can often find ourselves stuck in a vicious cycle of negative thoughts and behaviours that can be hard to break.  CBT works on a 'here and now' basis, exploring your current difficulties and give you effective coping strategies to be able to make changes in your life and move forwards.
Hi and welcome to my profile! I am a fully accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) with the BABCP. We can all experience difficult times in our lives that we may require help and support with.  When we experience distress we can often have negative feelings and thoughts which can influence how we react to a certain situation. We can often find ourselves stuck in a vicious cycle of negative thoughts and behaviours that can be hard to break.  CBT works on a 'here and now' basis, exploring your current difficulties and give you effective coping strategies to be able to make changes in your life and move forwards.
07588 663628 View 07588 663628
Photo of Hayley Gould, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Hayley Gould
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck in cycles of worry, low mood, overthinking or self doubt. Perhaps your mental health is affecting your sleep, your confidence or your relationships and you're tired of just coping and want real change. I offer a calm, supportive space where we can make sense of whats happening and work together towards practical, lasting improvements. As a BABCP accredited CBT therapist, I tailor each session to your goals so therapy feels focused, collaborative and meaningful.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, stuck in cycles of worry, low mood, overthinking or self doubt. Perhaps your mental health is affecting your sleep, your confidence or your relationships and you're tired of just coping and want real change. I offer a calm, supportive space where we can make sense of whats happening and work together towards practical, lasting improvements. As a BABCP accredited CBT therapist, I tailor each session to your goals so therapy feels focused, collaborative and meaningful.
01527 918596 View 01527 918596
Photo of Elizabeth Barlow - Elizabeth Gibson Counselling, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Elizabeth Gibson Counselling
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Hello I'm Liz, if you are seeking respectful and compassionate counselling from an experienced person in a calm and pleasant setting, then I'm pleased you've found me. At the heart of my practice is a belief in the importance of the therapist - client relationship. Therefore, I provide an emotionally safe space for us to explore the difficulties you are experiencing. Through our mutual commitment and collaboration, we will help you to make sense of what you are feeling, allowing you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself and find new ways of coping with and responding to your current challenges.
Hello I'm Liz, if you are seeking respectful and compassionate counselling from an experienced person in a calm and pleasant setting, then I'm pleased you've found me. At the heart of my practice is a belief in the importance of the therapist - client relationship. Therefore, I provide an emotionally safe space for us to explore the difficulties you are experiencing. Through our mutual commitment and collaboration, we will help you to make sense of what you are feeling, allowing you to gain a deeper understanding of yourself and find new ways of coping with and responding to your current challenges.
0121 387 0064 View 0121 387 0064
Photo of Lynn Casey-Baker, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Lynn Casey-Baker
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
I offer counselling to individual adults and couples for a range of difficulties. For example depression, anxiety, panic attacks, relationship issues, bereavement loss, work related problems, obsessive compulsive disorder, addictions, eating disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, post-natal depression, childhood issues, and much more. Sessions are tailored to meet the needs of each individual. Some people may require short term counselling, such as 6 sessions, others will require more longer term counselling. A plan of work will be made together, to suit you and what you would like to address in our sessions together.
I offer counselling to individual adults and couples for a range of difficulties. For example depression, anxiety, panic attacks, relationship issues, bereavement loss, work related problems, obsessive compulsive disorder, addictions, eating disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, post-natal depression, childhood issues, and much more. Sessions are tailored to meet the needs of each individual. Some people may require short term counselling, such as 6 sessions, others will require more longer term counselling. A plan of work will be made together, to suit you and what you would like to address in our sessions together.
07858 728562 View 07858 728562
Worcestershire Family Therapy Service
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
I have been a systemic family psychotherapist since 2007. I have worked in Child and adolescent mental health for over thirty years My areas of expertise are working with families with a range of emotional and psychological issues that impact on relationships, across the age span. I also work with couples and parents who are struggling with their relationship, both as a couple or as a parenting couple. I also offer individual systemic therapy to children and young people as well as adults. I feel systemic family therapy can help with issues about mental health, which include life events and wellbeing difficulties.
I have been a systemic family psychotherapist since 2007. I have worked in Child and adolescent mental health for over thirty years My areas of expertise are working with families with a range of emotional and psychological issues that impact on relationships, across the age span. I also work with couples and parents who are struggling with their relationship, both as a couple or as a parenting couple. I also offer individual systemic therapy to children and young people as well as adults. I feel systemic family therapy can help with issues about mental health, which include life events and wellbeing difficulties.
01527 913400 View 01527 913400
Photo of Alison Stevens, Counsellor, MBACP
Alison Stevens
Counsellor, MBACP
Hello and thank you for choosing to look at my profile. Are you finding life difficult and challenging? Maybe leaving you feeling anxious, overwhelmed, isolated, with your mind full of thoughts and worries? Maybe you don't really know how you're feeling. At times like this I believe it is beneficial to have someone to talk too, someone who will offer support and really listen, empathically and without judgement. As an experienced Integrative Counsellor my first priority will be to offer you a safe space where you feel accepted. Where you can press pause on life and have time just for you.
Hello and thank you for choosing to look at my profile. Are you finding life difficult and challenging? Maybe leaving you feeling anxious, overwhelmed, isolated, with your mind full of thoughts and worries? Maybe you don't really know how you're feeling. At times like this I believe it is beneficial to have someone to talk too, someone who will offer support and really listen, empathically and without judgement. As an experienced Integrative Counsellor my first priority will be to offer you a safe space where you feel accepted. Where you can press pause on life and have time just for you.
01527 368435 View 01527 368435
Photo of Suzanne Davies, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Suzanne Davies
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and provider of independent clinical psychology services based in Bromsgrove and have more than 14 years experience working in the NHS. I now work exclusively in private practice. I work with adults of all ages and offer a highly professional and confidential service offering assessment, therapy, supervision and consultation. I am committed and enthusiastic about helping people to achieve their goals and make the changes they would like to in their life. My practice is informed by the evidence base and I engage in regular continuous professional development (CPD) and supervision.
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist and provider of independent clinical psychology services based in Bromsgrove and have more than 14 years experience working in the NHS. I now work exclusively in private practice. I work with adults of all ages and offer a highly professional and confidential service offering assessment, therapy, supervision and consultation. I am committed and enthusiastic about helping people to achieve their goals and make the changes they would like to in their life. My practice is informed by the evidence base and I engage in regular continuous professional development (CPD) and supervision.
07480 486472 View 07480 486472
Photo of Dr Leanne Tomkins, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Leanne Tomkins
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Hello! I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist experienced in working with adults, children and families using a wide range of psychological approaches. I work one to one with adults and children of all ages offering evidence based therapy for a wide range of emotional and mental health difficulties. I also work with parents and families to support you to understand and make sense of any emotional well-being concerns you may have for your child and family. Life can be a challenge for most of us at times for lots of different reasons. Accessing the right support can help you to thrive and improve your emotional 'wellness'.
Hello! I am a qualified Clinical Psychologist experienced in working with adults, children and families using a wide range of psychological approaches. I work one to one with adults and children of all ages offering evidence based therapy for a wide range of emotional and mental health difficulties. I also work with parents and families to support you to understand and make sense of any emotional well-being concerns you may have for your child and family. Life can be a challenge for most of us at times for lots of different reasons. Accessing the right support can help you to thrive and improve your emotional 'wellness'.
0121 827 1652 View 0121 827 1652
Photo of Kerry Russell, Counsellor, MBACP
Kerry Russell
Counsellor, MBACP
I truly believe that feeling heard and seen as your true self is the key to unlocking the potential to heal, whether that is how your feeling in a current situation or something from the past. If you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stuck, struggling low self esteem or stress, you may feel misunderstood or disconnected from your emotions. A safe space to be open, feel validated and begin your own healing process at your pace could be what you're looking for.
I truly believe that feeling heard and seen as your true self is the key to unlocking the potential to heal, whether that is how your feeling in a current situation or something from the past. If you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious or stuck, struggling low self esteem or stress, you may feel misunderstood or disconnected from your emotions. A safe space to be open, feel validated and begin your own healing process at your pace could be what you're looking for.
0121 312 4557 View 0121 312 4557
Photo of Jo James, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Jo James
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Online Only
Most of the people I work with are in their 20s and 30s and have spent years being the reliable one. The one who keeps going, keeps everyone happy, and somehow holds everything together. From the outside, they often look like they're coping. Inside, they're exhausted. Many come to therapy feeling stuck, overwhelmed, disconnected from themselves, or questioning what they actually want from life. They may struggle with anxiety, ADHD, burnout, low self-worth, people-pleasing, or repeating the same relationship patterns. Together, we make sense of what's beneath the surface so they can stop living on autopilot and start making choices
Most of the people I work with are in their 20s and 30s and have spent years being the reliable one. The one who keeps going, keeps everyone happy, and somehow holds everything together. From the outside, they often look like they're coping. Inside, they're exhausted. Many come to therapy feeling stuck, overwhelmed, disconnected from themselves, or questioning what they actually want from life. They may struggle with anxiety, ADHD, burnout, low self-worth, people-pleasing, or repeating the same relationship patterns. Together, we make sense of what's beneath the surface so they can stop living on autopilot and start making choices
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Photo of Hannah Purdie, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Hannah Purdie
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Are you exhausted with life as it looks now and desperate for a change? When we're already overwhelmed, and then life events happen, loss happens, you just don't have the resilience to press on the way others seem to. Perhaps you've lost all sense of who you are anymore. There's nothing wrong with you, but I know that it can feel like there is. Support is at hand.
Are you exhausted with life as it looks now and desperate for a change? When we're already overwhelmed, and then life events happen, loss happens, you just don't have the resilience to press on the way others seem to. Perhaps you've lost all sense of who you are anymore. There's nothing wrong with you, but I know that it can feel like there is. Support is at hand.
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Photo of Emily Loy, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Emily Loy
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
I am a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing Therapist (EMDR). I have over 10 years experience working with clients with depression, anxiety, trauma and a range of common mental health problems. I use evidence based techniques whilst being creative and tailoring sessions to each clients needs. I provide face to face, telephone and online sessions.
I am a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing Therapist (EMDR). I have over 10 years experience working with clients with depression, anxiety, trauma and a range of common mental health problems. I use evidence based techniques whilst being creative and tailoring sessions to each clients needs. I provide face to face, telephone and online sessions.
01527 396275 View 01527 396275
Photo of Dave Latham, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Dave Latham
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
I am an Accredited Counsellor with the NCPS and an ACT-trained therapist offering a warm, supportive space where you can talk openly without judgement. I work with adults experiencing bereavement, anxiety, relationship challenges, trauma, and life transitions. My approach is collaborative and compassionate, helping clients explore their thoughts and feelings while building resilience and clarity. I offer face-to-face counselling in Worcestershire and online sessions for clients across the UK and internationally, including British expats who may prefer to speak with a UK-based therapist.
I am an Accredited Counsellor with the NCPS and an ACT-trained therapist offering a warm, supportive space where you can talk openly without judgement. I work with adults experiencing bereavement, anxiety, relationship challenges, trauma, and life transitions. My approach is collaborative and compassionate, helping clients explore their thoughts and feelings while building resilience and clarity. I offer face-to-face counselling in Worcestershire and online sessions for clients across the UK and internationally, including British expats who may prefer to speak with a UK-based therapist.
020 4634 7178 View 020 4634 7178
Photo of Alex Newman, Counsellor, MBACP
Alex Newman
Counsellor, MBACP
Are you finding life has quietly become overwhelming. Are you noticing anxiety, anger, or difficult emotions building up, and is this starting to affect your day-to-day life. For some people, this shows up in patterns like addiction, feeling disconnected, or coping in ways that no longer feel helpful. You don’t have to face this on your own. As a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist with both professional and lived experience, I offer a compassionate, down-to-earth space where you can begin to make sense of what’s going on.
Are you finding life has quietly become overwhelming. Are you noticing anxiety, anger, or difficult emotions building up, and is this starting to affect your day-to-day life. For some people, this shows up in patterns like addiction, feeling disconnected, or coping in ways that no longer feel helpful. You don’t have to face this on your own. As a qualified counsellor and psychotherapist with both professional and lived experience, I offer a compassionate, down-to-earth space where you can begin to make sense of what’s going on.
01527 911220 View 01527 911220
Photo of Helen Townsend - HT Counselling Service, Counsellor
I am an accredited Psychotherapist with over 25 years’ experience supporting adults and children from the age of 10. I work with a range of difficulties - anxiety, trauma, low mood, bereavement, stress and life transitions, and I also have training in EMDR. Alongside the above, I run HT Counselling Services (HTC), offering two clear pathways to support your needs. HTC provides open-ended therapy with experienced qualified practitioners, and the Affordable Counselling Service (ACS) offers lower-cost options. We work online nationwide online, with in-person sessions available in Worcestershire.
I am an accredited Psychotherapist with over 25 years’ experience supporting adults and children from the age of 10. I work with a range of difficulties - anxiety, trauma, low mood, bereavement, stress and life transitions, and I also have training in EMDR. Alongside the above, I run HT Counselling Services (HTC), offering two clear pathways to support your needs. HTC provides open-ended therapy with experienced qualified practitioners, and the Affordable Counselling Service (ACS) offers lower-cost options. We work online nationwide online, with in-person sessions available in Worcestershire.
0121 816 0349 View 0121 816 0349
Photo of Kristyna Hallam, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Kristyna Hallam
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Are you looking to change self-destructive habits? Be kinder to yourself? Do you want to understand why certain thoughts are bothering you? I specialise in working with young adults who need help navigating a challenging period of their lives. I have experience working with neurodivergent clients, people who deal with anxiety, depression, self-harm or have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.
Are you looking to change self-destructive habits? Be kinder to yourself? Do you want to understand why certain thoughts are bothering you? I specialise in working with young adults who need help navigating a challenging period of their lives. I have experience working with neurodivergent clients, people who deal with anxiety, depression, self-harm or have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.
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Photo of Julie Ward - Bromsgrove & Redditch Therapy Centre, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Bromsgrove & Redditch Therapy Centre
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Welcome! We are a team of friendly Bromsgrove and Redditch based counsellors who are committed to helping you change your life for the better. Stress, anxiety, CBT, anger, depression, support for children, teenagers and young adults, support for parents, self-harm, grief, relationship problems, domestic abuse, couples and family therapy, eating disorders. Whatever your issue we will provide the support for you to move forward.
Welcome! We are a team of friendly Bromsgrove and Redditch based counsellors who are committed to helping you change your life for the better. Stress, anxiety, CBT, anger, depression, support for children, teenagers and young adults, support for parents, self-harm, grief, relationship problems, domestic abuse, couples and family therapy, eating disorders. Whatever your issue we will provide the support for you to move forward.
01527 361363 View 01527 361363
Photo of Julie Ward - ACT Alcohol Coaching & Therapy Ltd, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
ACT Alcohol Coaching & Therapy Ltd
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
My name is Julie Ward and i am an experienced Alcohol Dependency Specialist. I run a busy private practice in Bromsgrove, Redditch and Birmingham called ACT Alcohol Ltd. We are a team of 5 counsellors offering alcohol-related coaching and therapy to individuals and families. Our work with clients is confidential one-to-one sessions in a relaxed and supportive environment. If you are looking to reduce what you drink and get it under control, we will teach you how. If you are looking to stop altogether we will support you to make the change. Whatever you want to achieve we have the expertise and strategies to ensure you succeed!
My name is Julie Ward and i am an experienced Alcohol Dependency Specialist. I run a busy private practice in Bromsgrove, Redditch and Birmingham called ACT Alcohol Ltd. We are a team of 5 counsellors offering alcohol-related coaching and therapy to individuals and families. Our work with clients is confidential one-to-one sessions in a relaxed and supportive environment. If you are looking to reduce what you drink and get it under control, we will teach you how. If you are looking to stop altogether we will support you to make the change. Whatever you want to achieve we have the expertise and strategies to ensure you succeed!
01527 917314 View 01527 917314

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bromsgrove

50+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Bromsgrove who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
77% Stress
72% Relationship Issues
60% Bereavement
60% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aviva
56% Bupa
50% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in Bromsgrove see their clients

89% In Person and Online
11% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bromsgrove?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.