Counselling in Bedminster, Bristol

Photo of Fergus Johnston, Counsellor, MBACP
Fergus Johnston
Counsellor, MBACP
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Do you feel like you’re not getting what you want out of life? Perhaps you’re repeating old patterns that just don’t work for you anymore. You know something needs to change but what exactly? And how? These are very common thoughts to have, I’ve had them myself. So much so that I studied counselling and have learnt the skills to help others get back on track using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). If you don’t know much about CBT that’s ok, effectively it focuses on understanding how your thoughts, emotions, and behaviours interact, and on developing practical skills to respond differently to difficulties.
Do you feel like you’re not getting what you want out of life? Perhaps you’re repeating old patterns that just don’t work for you anymore. You know something needs to change but what exactly? And how? These are very common thoughts to have, I’ve had them myself. So much so that I studied counselling and have learnt the skills to help others get back on track using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). If you don’t know much about CBT that’s ok, effectively it focuses on understanding how your thoughts, emotions, and behaviours interact, and on developing practical skills to respond differently to difficulties.
0117 463 7760 View 0117 463 7760
Photo of Doga Can Kilinc, Psychotherapist, MA, BACP
Doga Can Kilinc
Psychotherapist, MA, BACP
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy. Together we explore behavioural repetitions, unconscious patterns, dreams and archetypal defences. Honouring how they once protected you, while recognising they may no longer be needed in the same way.
I offer psychodynamic psychotherapy. Together we explore behavioural repetitions, unconscious patterns, dreams and archetypal defences. Honouring how they once protected you, while recognising they may no longer be needed in the same way.
01454 802662 x44 View 01454 802662 x44
Photo of Tarisha Finnegan-Clarke, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Tarisha Finnegan-Clarke
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Many people come to therapy feeling stuck, uncertain, or disconnected from what truly matters to them. I work with individuals who are searching for clarity, meaning, and a life that reflects their deeper values. Our work could focus on understanding your inner world, untangling old patterns, and reconnecting with your authentic desires. Therapy with me is a collaborative, reflective process—one that supports you to develop a safer relationship with yourself and others. By coming back into alignment with yourself and others life can feel more aligned, purposeful, and joyful.
Many people come to therapy feeling stuck, uncertain, or disconnected from what truly matters to them. I work with individuals who are searching for clarity, meaning, and a life that reflects their deeper values. Our work could focus on understanding your inner world, untangling old patterns, and reconnecting with your authentic desires. Therapy with me is a collaborative, reflective process—one that supports you to develop a safer relationship with yourself and others. By coming back into alignment with yourself and others life can feel more aligned, purposeful, and joyful.
01454 803314 View 01454 803314
Photo of Sarah Jane Leonard, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Sarah Jane Leonard
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Accredited member of the BACP: Face to face or video call. Over 18 years of experience with clients around the world. Relaxed and personable therapy where I welcome you to my home or online where I offer a confidential, safe, professional, positive, supportive environment each session. I have been working in Counselling/psychotherapy for it’s my life’s passion. Specialising in Dialectical Behavioural Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder and ADHD.
Accredited member of the BACP: Face to face or video call. Over 18 years of experience with clients around the world. Relaxed and personable therapy where I welcome you to my home or online where I offer a confidential, safe, professional, positive, supportive environment each session. I have been working in Counselling/psychotherapy for it’s my life’s passion. Specialising in Dialectical Behavioural Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder and ADHD.
0117 325 5728 View 0117 325 5728
Photo of Jamie de Carvalho, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Jamie de Carvalho
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Since 2011, I have supported adults through a wide range of emotional and psychological challenges, including anxiety, depression, neurodiversity, LGBTQ+ issues, bereavement, identity questions, family estrangement, and the pressures faced by unpaid carers.
Since 2011, I have supported adults through a wide range of emotional and psychological challenges, including anxiety, depression, neurodiversity, LGBTQ+ issues, bereavement, identity questions, family estrangement, and the pressures faced by unpaid carers.
01454 803488 View 01454 803488
Photo of Tess Christy, Counsellor, MA, UKCP Trainee
Tess Christy
Counsellor, MA, UKCP Trainee
2 Endorsed
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Whatever you are facing, I'll meet you with compassion, sensitivity and safety so you no longer have to carry it alone. The therapeutic relationship has a different quality from other relationships in your life: it is deliberately structured to support you. Within its professional boundaries, we create a real relationship that is uniquely focused on meeting you exactly as you are, and offering you warmth, support, and the conditions for self understanding, growth and healing. I am deeply committed to accompanying my clients with honesty, presence and care as they find their way to lasting inner change.
Whatever you are facing, I'll meet you with compassion, sensitivity and safety so you no longer have to carry it alone. The therapeutic relationship has a different quality from other relationships in your life: it is deliberately structured to support you. Within its professional boundaries, we create a real relationship that is uniquely focused on meeting you exactly as you are, and offering you warmth, support, and the conditions for self understanding, growth and healing. I am deeply committed to accompanying my clients with honesty, presence and care as they find their way to lasting inner change.
0117 463 5051 View 0117 463 5051
Photo of Katherine Davis, Psychotherapist, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Katherine Davis
Psychotherapist, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
You're capable, dependable, and holding it together. But underneath, there's exhaustion, anxiety, or feeling disconnected from yourself. I work with high-functioning adults and couples caught in patterns they can't seem to shift — patterns that often began in early relationships and have shaped how you work, love, and relate. Often at a cost to yourself. I also work with surfers. The wave has a way of bringing things to the surface — your inner critic, your stress responses, the moments you freeze or push too hard. If you've noticed that who you are in the water reflects who you are in life, that's exactly where we can work.
You're capable, dependable, and holding it together. But underneath, there's exhaustion, anxiety, or feeling disconnected from yourself. I work with high-functioning adults and couples caught in patterns they can't seem to shift — patterns that often began in early relationships and have shaped how you work, love, and relate. Often at a cost to yourself. I also work with surfers. The wave has a way of bringing things to the surface — your inner critic, your stress responses, the moments you freeze or push too hard. If you've noticed that who you are in the water reflects who you are in life, that's exactly where we can work.
01275 403022 View 01275 403022
Photo of Andrew Meader, Counsellor, MBACP
Andrew Meader
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
We all experience difficulties at one time or another. It could be that our relationships aren’t all we'd like them to be. Or perhaps we feel anxious, depressed, lonely, or we’re grieving a loss. Perhaps we behave in ways that we'd rather not, or that we don't understand. Or maybe life has lost its meaning, we've lost our sense of direction, feel stuck, or just don't know who we are any more. Counselling offers a safe, confidential space in which to explore such issues in relationship with someone who is skilled, non-judgemental, and really there for you. A space in which to come to terms with things, and allow them to change.
We all experience difficulties at one time or another. It could be that our relationships aren’t all we'd like them to be. Or perhaps we feel anxious, depressed, lonely, or we’re grieving a loss. Perhaps we behave in ways that we'd rather not, or that we don't understand. Or maybe life has lost its meaning, we've lost our sense of direction, feel stuck, or just don't know who we are any more. Counselling offers a safe, confidential space in which to explore such issues in relationship with someone who is skilled, non-judgemental, and really there for you. A space in which to come to terms with things, and allow them to change.
01275 402957 View 01275 402957
Photo of Sarah Millington - Outlet Therapy - Sarah Millington , Psychotherapist, MA
Outlet Therapy - Sarah Millington
Psychotherapist, MA
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Are you feeling overwhelmed, struggling to process current or past traumas or finding it difficult to regulate your emotions? As a creative psychotherapist I can help you to explore, understand and process challenging thoughts, feelings and emotions and regain a feeling of balance, connection and sense of self.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, struggling to process current or past traumas or finding it difficult to regulate your emotions? As a creative psychotherapist I can help you to explore, understand and process challenging thoughts, feelings and emotions and regain a feeling of balance, connection and sense of self.
01454 805921 View 01454 805921
Photo of Josephine Lay - Josephine Lay - Trauma-informed creative therapy , Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Josephine Lay - Trauma-informed creative therapy
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
1 Endorsed
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Are you feeling overwhelmed and looking for help to manage feelings of anxiety, distress or the impact of trauma? As a trauma-informed creative arts therapist working with children, young people and young adults, I listen to what you share through creativity and imagination as well as words. Many people find this helps them work at a safe distance and pace, without getting flooded by intense feelings or sensations. I also support parents and carers through consultation sessions and offer clinical supervision for trainee and qualified therapists that integrates talking, symbolic, and embodied approaches.
Are you feeling overwhelmed and looking for help to manage feelings of anxiety, distress or the impact of trauma? As a trauma-informed creative arts therapist working with children, young people and young adults, I listen to what you share through creativity and imagination as well as words. Many people find this helps them work at a safe distance and pace, without getting flooded by intense feelings or sensations. I also support parents and carers through consultation sessions and offer clinical supervision for trainee and qualified therapists that integrates talking, symbolic, and embodied approaches.
01454 801898 View 01454 801898
Photo of Nick Flavell, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Nick Flavell
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Hi, I’m Nick, a qualified BACP registered therapist experienced in supporting people through a range of life issues. I believe that everyone has the capacity for personal growth, even during challenging times. Therapy can provide the support and tools to navigate life’s difficulties and foster meaningful change. My role as a therapist is to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgemental environment where you can freely explore your thoughts and emotions.
Hi, I’m Nick, a qualified BACP registered therapist experienced in supporting people through a range of life issues. I believe that everyone has the capacity for personal growth, even during challenging times. Therapy can provide the support and tools to navigate life’s difficulties and foster meaningful change. My role as a therapist is to create a safe, supportive, and non-judgemental environment where you can freely explore your thoughts and emotions.
01454 801739 View 01454 801739
Photo of Ed Jefferson, Counsellor, MBACP
Ed Jefferson
Counsellor, MBACP
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
Hello! I'm Ed (he/him). Life can be hard at any time and I’m here to work alongside you with whatever you choose to bring to our sessions. I am a fully trained integrative counsellor with previous experience working with clients who present with anxiety, depression, low self esteem, addiction and trauma issues. I have previously volunteered as a call handler with Samaritans for 2 years and volunteered as a counsellor in an agency specialising in addiction and trauma. Examples of CPD training I have done include internal family systems, porn addiction, neurodiversity, shame, trans awareness, death anxiety and attachment theory.
Hello! I'm Ed (he/him). Life can be hard at any time and I’m here to work alongside you with whatever you choose to bring to our sessions. I am a fully trained integrative counsellor with previous experience working with clients who present with anxiety, depression, low self esteem, addiction and trauma issues. I have previously volunteered as a call handler with Samaritans for 2 years and volunteered as a counsellor in an agency specialising in addiction and trauma. Examples of CPD training I have done include internal family systems, porn addiction, neurodiversity, shame, trans awareness, death anxiety and attachment theory.
0117 463 1876 View 0117 463 1876
Photo of Alison Emily - Sisto Counselling & Psychotherapy Services, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Sisto Counselling & Psychotherapy Services
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Bedminster, Bristol BS3
It’s normal, at some point, to get stuck, or to struggle facing life's challenges. Sometimes we know exactly what’s wrong but at other times we might just have a nagging sense that something isn’t quite right. Therapy can help by supporting you to explore the roots of your distress, understand more clearly what’s keeping you stuck, and create new ways to think about yourself and your relationship roles and patterns. By uncovering the obstacles holding you back, you can learn to problem-solve, make better choices, practise healthier coping strategies, and turn your goals into realities to find a greater sense of peace and fulfilment.
It’s normal, at some point, to get stuck, or to struggle facing life's challenges. Sometimes we know exactly what’s wrong but at other times we might just have a nagging sense that something isn’t quite right. Therapy can help by supporting you to explore the roots of your distress, understand more clearly what’s keeping you stuck, and create new ways to think about yourself and your relationship roles and patterns. By uncovering the obstacles holding you back, you can learn to problem-solve, make better choices, practise healthier coping strategies, and turn your goals into realities to find a greater sense of peace and fulfilment.
0141 673 8761 View 0141 673 8761
Photo of Joss Lloyd, Counsellor, MBACP
Joss Lloyd
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi, I'm Joss. I provide a calm, steady space where we can explore the thoughts and feelings that may be troubling you. Whether that is difficult events from the past, struggles in the present or anxiety about the future I support clients to notice patterns at a pace that feels safe, helping them move through stuckness and develop greater awareness and clarity, so they can make choices that feel right for them. I offer in-person sessions in Bath and Bristol.
Hi, I'm Joss. I provide a calm, steady space where we can explore the thoughts and feelings that may be troubling you. Whether that is difficult events from the past, struggles in the present or anxiety about the future I support clients to notice patterns at a pace that feels safe, helping them move through stuckness and develop greater awareness and clarity, so they can make choices that feel right for them. I offer in-person sessions in Bath and Bristol.
01454 805440 View 01454 805440
Photo of Catherine Alcock, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Catherine Alcock
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
I am a Person-Centred Counsellor offering support to individuals face to face, online and via the telephone. People reach out for counselling for many reasons and choosing to engage in this work is an amazing act of self-care. I understand that taking those first steps on your counselling journey can feel very daunting, maybe even a bit frightening, but I offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore any difficulties you are experiencing and an empathetic, non-judgmental, warm, and friendly environment for us to work in.
I am a Person-Centred Counsellor offering support to individuals face to face, online and via the telephone. People reach out for counselling for many reasons and choosing to engage in this work is an amazing act of self-care. I understand that taking those first steps on your counselling journey can feel very daunting, maybe even a bit frightening, but I offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore any difficulties you are experiencing and an empathetic, non-judgmental, warm, and friendly environment for us to work in.
07534 460192 View 07534 460192
Photo of Dr Caroline Coffey, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Caroline Coffey
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am highly experienced in working with a range of presenting difficulties including low mood, managing longer term patterns of depression including the use of medications, high anxiety and patterns of worry, including health anxiety. Bereavement, relationship difficulties and sexual wellbeing. Experiences of abuse, trauma and harmful behaviour. Patterns of self harm including the use of substances to manage difficult emotions. I have extensive experience of working with people with poor physical health and the negative impact this can have on emotional wellbeing, relationships and quality of life.
I am highly experienced in working with a range of presenting difficulties including low mood, managing longer term patterns of depression including the use of medications, high anxiety and patterns of worry, including health anxiety. Bereavement, relationship difficulties and sexual wellbeing. Experiences of abuse, trauma and harmful behaviour. Patterns of self harm including the use of substances to manage difficult emotions. I have extensive experience of working with people with poor physical health and the negative impact this can have on emotional wellbeing, relationships and quality of life.
0117 325 4296 View 0117 325 4296
Photo of Tadeja Duncan, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Tadeja Duncan
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Most of our emotional wounds stem from difficult relationships we've had with others, and I believe they can be most effectively healed within a supportive environment of empathy, attunement, and a deep interest in you as a person. Hence I put at the core of my approach building a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship that can foster healing, growth, learning and development. I draw on more than 10 years of experience of working in the mental health field with clients who have been facing anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, neurodivergence, addictions, relationship difficulties, anger, lack of confidence etc.
Most of our emotional wounds stem from difficult relationships we've had with others, and I believe they can be most effectively healed within a supportive environment of empathy, attunement, and a deep interest in you as a person. Hence I put at the core of my approach building a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship that can foster healing, growth, learning and development. I draw on more than 10 years of experience of working in the mental health field with clients who have been facing anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, neurodivergence, addictions, relationship difficulties, anger, lack of confidence etc.
0117 463 7553 View 0117 463 7553
Photo of Ruth Taylor, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Ruth Taylor
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Serves Area
Experiences in life can sometimes prevent us from living our life as fully as we would like to or in the way we wish. Anxiety, depression and other issues can leave us feeling confused and stuck, unable to move forward and take charge of our lives. ​ I offer one-one counselling in a private, confidential and safe space. This can help you explore and understand your experiences, your feelings and your thoughts. It can help you consider and deal with the dilemmas and decisions you face and it can help you understand your patterns, to see new perspectives for your future and to regain the confidence to make the changes you want to. ​
Experiences in life can sometimes prevent us from living our life as fully as we would like to or in the way we wish. Anxiety, depression and other issues can leave us feeling confused and stuck, unable to move forward and take charge of our lives. ​ I offer one-one counselling in a private, confidential and safe space. This can help you explore and understand your experiences, your feelings and your thoughts. It can help you consider and deal with the dilemmas and decisions you face and it can help you understand your patterns, to see new perspectives for your future and to regain the confidence to make the changes you want to. ​
0117 456 2423 View 0117 456 2423
Photo of Hannah Lehrain, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Hannah Lehrain
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Serves Area
Do you replay your baby's birth over and over like a video you can't turn off? Do you find yourself constantly checking if your baby is still breathing? Do you feel numb, like you're going through the motions of parenthood but feel nothing? Do you avoid pregnant friends, baby showers, or conversations about birth altogether? Do you shudder at the thought of another pregnancy? I've always been passionate about working with trauma. My focus on birth trauma and baby loss deepened through my work within an NHS Maternal Mental Health Service, where I saw firsthand how many parents suffer in silence after a difficult birth or loss.
Do you replay your baby's birth over and over like a video you can't turn off? Do you find yourself constantly checking if your baby is still breathing? Do you feel numb, like you're going through the motions of parenthood but feel nothing? Do you avoid pregnant friends, baby showers, or conversations about birth altogether? Do you shudder at the thought of another pregnancy? I've always been passionate about working with trauma. My focus on birth trauma and baby loss deepened through my work within an NHS Maternal Mental Health Service, where I saw firsthand how many parents suffer in silence after a difficult birth or loss.
0117 456 2877 View 0117 456 2877
Photo of Monika Frise, Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Monika Frise
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Serves Area
I offer affordable psychotherapy for adults who may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, emotionally stuck, or caught in patterns of self-doubt and overthinking. I work with issues including anxiety, stress, self-esteem, relationship difficulties, burnout, identity, and life transitions. I welcome adult clients from all backgrounds and walks of life, particularly young adults, students, and those navigating periods of change or emotional overwhelm.
I offer affordable psychotherapy for adults who may be feeling anxious, overwhelmed, emotionally stuck, or caught in patterns of self-doubt and overthinking. I work with issues including anxiety, stress, self-esteem, relationship difficulties, burnout, identity, and life transitions. I welcome adult clients from all backgrounds and walks of life, particularly young adults, students, and those navigating periods of change or emotional overwhelm.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bedminster, Bristol

90+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in Bedminster, Bristol who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
84% Self Esteem
81% Stress
77% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
60% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aviva
68% AXA PPP
58% Vitality

How Counsellors in Bedminster, Bristol see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

65% Female
33% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bedminster?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.