Counselling in Bristol

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Photo of Dr Harriet Challoner, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Harriet Challoner
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
As a psychologist, I combine professional expertise and rigorous training with compassion and warmth, to support you with tailored, meaningful therapy. I believe that the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client is the most important and effective factor in successful therapy, and I do not see people as labels. You may know exactly what you want help with or perhaps there's a mix of issues bringing you to therapy. Either way, we can explore what you need most now and come up with a plan to help you feel better and support positive change and growth.
As a psychologist, I combine professional expertise and rigorous training with compassion and warmth, to support you with tailored, meaningful therapy. I believe that the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client is the most important and effective factor in successful therapy, and I do not see people as labels. You may know exactly what you want help with or perhaps there's a mix of issues bringing you to therapy. Either way, we can explore what you need most now and come up with a plan to help you feel better and support positive change and growth.
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Photo of Hyunho Khang, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Hyunho Khang
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS1
I have wide experience counselling a diverse range of clients experiencing depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, loss, grief, anger issues, confidence issues, relationship difficulties, issues around sex, issues at work, ADHD, addiction, eating issues, abuse and trauma. I work in conjunction with NHS services and other health professionals to support adults in the South West. I have a particular interest in working with clients with relationship difficulties (including sex issues), clients affected by narcissism in their relationships, and clients with somatic problems including pain, chronic fatigue, ME, IBS and fibromyalgia.
I have wide experience counselling a diverse range of clients experiencing depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, loss, grief, anger issues, confidence issues, relationship difficulties, issues around sex, issues at work, ADHD, addiction, eating issues, abuse and trauma. I work in conjunction with NHS services and other health professionals to support adults in the South West. I have a particular interest in working with clients with relationship difficulties (including sex issues), clients affected by narcissism in their relationships, and clients with somatic problems including pain, chronic fatigue, ME, IBS and fibromyalgia.
0117 325 2122 View 0117 325 2122
Photo of Stephen Rock, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Stephen Rock
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Bristol BS6
What you get from me is an attentive and proactive ally. I am friendly and compassionate, but I won't passively observe unhelpful patterns that are barriers to change. Challenging when necessary and in solidarity with the part of you that knows things can be better, will be a key aspect of our relationship. Profound and lasting changes are possible, which is why I encourage people to address the root causes of unhappiness and not settle for learning to live with problems and symptoms that can often be resolved.
What you get from me is an attentive and proactive ally. I am friendly and compassionate, but I won't passively observe unhelpful patterns that are barriers to change. Challenging when necessary and in solidarity with the part of you that knows things can be better, will be a key aspect of our relationship. Profound and lasting changes are possible, which is why I encourage people to address the root causes of unhappiness and not settle for learning to live with problems and symptoms that can often be resolved.
01275 403025 View 01275 403025
Photo of Fiona Anderson, Psychotherapist, MA
Fiona Anderson
Psychotherapist, MA
Bristol BS6
I am a Dance Movement Psychotherapist (DMP) working in Bristol. I use a somatic (embodied) and creative approach to help you reconnect, heal and grow in your whole body/mind/spirit. I work with adults who are experiencing a range of difficulties including: anxiety, low mood, addiction difficulties, relational challenges, bereavement/loss, eating difficulties and low self-esteem. Sometimes what we are going through is difficult to express just using words, DMP helps us to connect on the emotional level and to discover new ways forward.
I am a Dance Movement Psychotherapist (DMP) working in Bristol. I use a somatic (embodied) and creative approach to help you reconnect, heal and grow in your whole body/mind/spirit. I work with adults who are experiencing a range of difficulties including: anxiety, low mood, addiction difficulties, relational challenges, bereavement/loss, eating difficulties and low self-esteem. Sometimes what we are going through is difficult to express just using words, DMP helps us to connect on the emotional level and to discover new ways forward.
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Photo of Monty Megit, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Monty Megit
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS1
Hi, I’m Monty, an integrative psychotherapist passionate about helping individuals explore life’s big questions, from “Who am I, really?” to “What’s next for me?” I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where we can gently unfold your story together. My training in integrative therapy, with a natural inclination towards existential approaches, enables me to personalise therapy specifically for you. I utilise a variety of techniques, all aimed at helping you gain insight and discover new possibilities, whether it involves exploring underlying meanings or collaboratively challenging patterns.
Hi, I’m Monty, an integrative psychotherapist passionate about helping individuals explore life’s big questions, from “Who am I, really?” to “What’s next for me?” I offer a warm, non-judgmental space where we can gently unfold your story together. My training in integrative therapy, with a natural inclination towards existential approaches, enables me to personalise therapy specifically for you. I utilise a variety of techniques, all aimed at helping you gain insight and discover new possibilities, whether it involves exploring underlying meanings or collaboratively challenging patterns.
0117 463 8324 View 0117 463 8324
Photo of Dr Sara Schamborg, Psychologist, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
Dr Sara Schamborg
Psychologist, HCPC - Forensic Psych.
2 Endorsed
Bristol BS1
Have you been through something painful or overwhelming that has left a lasting mark? It may have been a single moment — an accident, an assault, something that happened suddenly and changed everything. Or it may have unfolded over time: a childhood that didn't feel safe, or a workplace that was undermining, humiliating, or unpredictable. These experiences may have contributed to you feeling anxious, low in mood, mistrustful or self-critical — and may have affected your relationships, confidence, or your sense of who you are.
Have you been through something painful or overwhelming that has left a lasting mark? It may have been a single moment — an accident, an assault, something that happened suddenly and changed everything. Or it may have unfolded over time: a childhood that didn't feel safe, or a workplace that was undermining, humiliating, or unpredictable. These experiences may have contributed to you feeling anxious, low in mood, mistrustful or self-critical — and may have affected your relationships, confidence, or your sense of who you are.
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Photo of Emma Sophia Tooley, Counsellor, MSc
Emma Sophia Tooley
Counsellor, MSc
Bristol BS5
I have been working with adults and children for the past 10 years covering different areas of mental health and wellbeing including anxiety, phobias, OCD and depression. I have a strong background in delivering CBT interventions for mild-moderate anxiety and depression as well as extensive experience delivering child anxiety and behavioural problems parenting courses.
I have been working with adults and children for the past 10 years covering different areas of mental health and wellbeing including anxiety, phobias, OCD and depression. I have a strong background in delivering CBT interventions for mild-moderate anxiety and depression as well as extensive experience delivering child anxiety and behavioural problems parenting courses.
0117 463 7317 View 0117 463 7317
Photo of Amy Emerson, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
Amy Emerson
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS1
“The privilege of a lifetime is to become who you truly are.” (Carl Jung). Welcome to my page, my name is Amy and I am a Transpersonal Integrative Psychotherapist based in Bristol. My approach weaves 'traditional talking therapy' with embodied and creative practises. This includes energy psychology, working with parts (informed by Internal Family Systems, IFS), dreamwork, archetypal exploration and shadow work. I combine various trainings in order to tailor the therapy to you as an individual.
“The privilege of a lifetime is to become who you truly are.” (Carl Jung). Welcome to my page, my name is Amy and I am a Transpersonal Integrative Psychotherapist based in Bristol. My approach weaves 'traditional talking therapy' with embodied and creative practises. This includes energy psychology, working with parts (informed by Internal Family Systems, IFS), dreamwork, archetypal exploration and shadow work. I combine various trainings in order to tailor the therapy to you as an individual.
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Photo of Ben Banks, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Ben Banks
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
3 Endorsed
Bristol BS1
Updated May 2026 - I have moved to a permanent space in Stokes Croft for in-person appointments and have some availability on Wednesdays. I consider it a sign of bravery that you’re thinking about coming to see me for therapy. We all experience difficult and painful things in life and we all need other people to lean on, to help us through some of the more painful or challenging situations or to help us grow into kind, loving people. Working together, you'll move towards feeling better and showing up differently in the world. Together, life can get brighter.
Updated May 2026 - I have moved to a permanent space in Stokes Croft for in-person appointments and have some availability on Wednesdays. I consider it a sign of bravery that you’re thinking about coming to see me for therapy. We all experience difficult and painful things in life and we all need other people to lean on, to help us through some of the more painful or challenging situations or to help us grow into kind, loving people. Working together, you'll move towards feeling better and showing up differently in the world. Together, life can get brighter.
0117 463 3181 View 0117 463 3181
Photo of Zoe Newton, Counsellor, BACP
Zoe Newton
Counsellor, BACP
Bristol BS1
Hello, I'm Zoe! I'm a psychotherapeutic counsellor based in Bristol City Centre. I have previously worked with clients experiencing: depression, suicidal feelings, anxiety, relationship issues, addiction, anger, low self-esteem, trauma, changes in their understanding of sexuality & identity, alongside others. I won't analyse you or offer quick fixes, instead, I will be alongside you for support. I will ask some questions and we'll have back and forth conversation, but how much you want to share and explore is always up to you.
Hello, I'm Zoe! I'm a psychotherapeutic counsellor based in Bristol City Centre. I have previously worked with clients experiencing: depression, suicidal feelings, anxiety, relationship issues, addiction, anger, low self-esteem, trauma, changes in their understanding of sexuality & identity, alongside others. I won't analyse you or offer quick fixes, instead, I will be alongside you for support. I will ask some questions and we'll have back and forth conversation, but how much you want to share and explore is always up to you.
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Photo of Leanne Thomas, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Leanne Thomas
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
2 Endorsed
Bristol BS3
If you or your child are struggling to live your life the way you would like to because of anxiety or depression I am an accredited (BABCP) CBT therapist. This is an evidence-based approach recommended for those of us experiencing social anxiety, panic, health anxiety, OCD, phobias, generalised anxiety and worry. Using this approach we will develop a shared understanding of your difficulties (formulation) and identify factors that may be keeping these difficulties going in the present. You will develop practical tools for life that can be used to manage anxiety and low mood.
If you or your child are struggling to live your life the way you would like to because of anxiety or depression I am an accredited (BABCP) CBT therapist. This is an evidence-based approach recommended for those of us experiencing social anxiety, panic, health anxiety, OCD, phobias, generalised anxiety and worry. Using this approach we will develop a shared understanding of your difficulties (formulation) and identify factors that may be keeping these difficulties going in the present. You will develop practical tools for life that can be used to manage anxiety and low mood.
0117 456 2204 View 0117 456 2204
Photo of Kristina Abbott, Counsellor, MBACP
Kristina Abbott
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS6
Hi, I'm Kristina and I am a person-centred counsellor. I work with people to help them gain a deeper understanding and compassion for themselves. Whether you have pain rooted in past trauma, feelings of depression or everyday anxiety, we can work together to begin to bring healing into your life. I offer a warm, accepting space where you can feel truly seen, heard, and valued and to work together through whatever you are facing.
Hi, I'm Kristina and I am a person-centred counsellor. I work with people to help them gain a deeper understanding and compassion for themselves. Whether you have pain rooted in past trauma, feelings of depression or everyday anxiety, we can work together to begin to bring healing into your life. I offer a warm, accepting space where you can feel truly seen, heard, and valued and to work together through whatever you are facing.
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Photo of George Berry, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
George Berry
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS5
I’m George, a University of Oxford trained Therapist. I am well versed in a variety of therapy and mindfulness/ meditation traditions, and integrate a blend of therapeutic approaches and techniques within my practice. That being said, I have specialist training in the three waves of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). The first wave of CBT focuses on improving our wellbeing by changing our behaviour. The second wave adds techniques to support us in changing our thoughts. The third wave includes additional techniques to support how we relate to our experience.
I’m George, a University of Oxford trained Therapist. I am well versed in a variety of therapy and mindfulness/ meditation traditions, and integrate a blend of therapeutic approaches and techniques within my practice. That being said, I have specialist training in the three waves of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). The first wave of CBT focuses on improving our wellbeing by changing our behaviour. The second wave adds techniques to support us in changing our thoughts. The third wave includes additional techniques to support how we relate to our experience.
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Photo of Steph Ball, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Steph Ball
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Bristol BS13
This world is a fast-moving, pressured and sometimes, bewildering place. We are expected to navigate it while carrying the heavy weight of the opinions and expectations of others. No wonder that we can become overwhelmed, worried and sad. I can’t (sadly) change the world or your experiences in it, but together, we might be able to find a way for you to move forward, feeling more in control, more confident and hopefully, happier.
This world is a fast-moving, pressured and sometimes, bewildering place. We are expected to navigate it while carrying the heavy weight of the opinions and expectations of others. No wonder that we can become overwhelmed, worried and sad. I can’t (sadly) change the world or your experiences in it, but together, we might be able to find a way for you to move forward, feeling more in control, more confident and hopefully, happier.
0117 463 7144 View 0117 463 7144
Photo of Claudia Kent, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Claudia Kent
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
3 Endorsed
Bristol BS6
I’m Claudia (she/her) and I’m here to explore with you all things sex and relationships. As a person-centered psychotherapist and sexologist in training I work with individuals and couples navigating the messy, beautiful and complex parts of being human, especially sex, sexuality, identity and relationships. I can support you if you feel disconnected from your body, your feelings, or your loved ones. Perhaps you’re struggling with relationship dynamics and expressing needs. I offer a space to explore what’s going on, how it’s impacting you and how we can move towards your desired outcomes from therapy.
I’m Claudia (she/her) and I’m here to explore with you all things sex and relationships. As a person-centered psychotherapist and sexologist in training I work with individuals and couples navigating the messy, beautiful and complex parts of being human, especially sex, sexuality, identity and relationships. I can support you if you feel disconnected from your body, your feelings, or your loved ones. Perhaps you’re struggling with relationship dynamics and expressing needs. I offer a space to explore what’s going on, how it’s impacting you and how we can move towards your desired outcomes from therapy.
01273 092301 View 01273 092301
Photo of Emily Parnell - Emily Parnell - Play Therapy Bristol, Psychotherapist, MA
As a play therapist with a background in teaching and a Master’s degree in Play Therapy, I am deeply committed to supporting the emotional wellbeing of children and young people through therapeutic play and creative expression. I believe in the transformative power of play as a natural, intuitive medium through which children can safely explore and express their inner worlds, particularly those who have experienced trauma or adversity. Throughout my career, I have worked extensively with neurodivergent children and young people, many of whom face challenges in traditional school settings.
As a play therapist with a background in teaching and a Master’s degree in Play Therapy, I am deeply committed to supporting the emotional wellbeing of children and young people through therapeutic play and creative expression. I believe in the transformative power of play as a natural, intuitive medium through which children can safely explore and express their inner worlds, particularly those who have experienced trauma or adversity. Throughout my career, I have worked extensively with neurodivergent children and young people, many of whom face challenges in traditional school settings.
07766 596606 View 07766 596606
Photo of Will Gibson, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Will Gibson
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS1
I offer a safe and non-judgemental space to explore the parts of your life that aren’t working for you and to think about how you might achieve change. You may have something specific that that brings you to therapy, such as a traumatic event, loneliness, anxiety, depression, or you may simply need someone to talk to. Whatever brought you here, I will work with you to think about your needs and how you might achieve them. We can work at a pace that suits you to find a focus for our conversations.
I offer a safe and non-judgemental space to explore the parts of your life that aren’t working for you and to think about how you might achieve change. You may have something specific that that brings you to therapy, such as a traumatic event, loneliness, anxiety, depression, or you may simply need someone to talk to. Whatever brought you here, I will work with you to think about your needs and how you might achieve them. We can work at a pace that suits you to find a focus for our conversations.
01454 807848 View 01454 807848
Photo of Mareike Ringena, Psychotherapist, MA
Mareike Ringena
Psychotherapist, MA
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS9
I work with people who are looking for a more creative and embodied approach to therapy. My approach is gentle, person‑centred and grounded in Dance Movement Psychotherapy, Focusing and parts work. Through movement, imagery, sensation and metaphor, I help clients explore what lives beneath the surface and meet their inner world with more friendliness and understanding. Many people find that this creative, body‑based way of working reaches places that words alone can’t. Together, we follow what is emerging in the moment, gently untangling inner conflicts and supporting a more integrated, compassionate relationship with yourself.
I work with people who are looking for a more creative and embodied approach to therapy. My approach is gentle, person‑centred and grounded in Dance Movement Psychotherapy, Focusing and parts work. Through movement, imagery, sensation and metaphor, I help clients explore what lives beneath the surface and meet their inner world with more friendliness and understanding. Many people find that this creative, body‑based way of working reaches places that words alone can’t. Together, we follow what is emerging in the moment, gently untangling inner conflicts and supporting a more integrated, compassionate relationship with yourself.
0117 463 5867 View 0117 463 5867
Photo of Kenny McCarthy, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Kenny McCarthy
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS2
I offer embodied, relational, depth psychotherapy in a safe, non-judgmental space where every part of you is welcome. Whether you're feeling stuck, experiencing emotional pain, disconnection, anxiety, depression, shame, loneliness, or loss, I'm here to support you. As a compassionate, trauma-sensitive practitioner, I bring my own deeply lived experience to this work. Healing is not linear, life can twist and turn, I'm here to accompany you on the journey. Therapy isn't just about working with what's difficult – it's about reconnecting with what makes you come alive.
I offer embodied, relational, depth psychotherapy in a safe, non-judgmental space where every part of you is welcome. Whether you're feeling stuck, experiencing emotional pain, disconnection, anxiety, depression, shame, loneliness, or loss, I'm here to support you. As a compassionate, trauma-sensitive practitioner, I bring my own deeply lived experience to this work. Healing is not linear, life can twist and turn, I'm here to accompany you on the journey. Therapy isn't just about working with what's difficult – it's about reconnecting with what makes you come alive.
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Photo of Kevin McCarroll, Counsellor, MBACP
Kevin McCarroll
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS3
You are a capable adult, used to managing work and responsibilities, yet finding your or life direction or relationship unexpectedly difficult. You are doubting the life you have built and the future you imagined, hoping to get back what you once had and wondering whether a different path may best. You may be struggling in your life or relationship , not because everything is wrong, but because something no longer feels quite right. What once felt natural now feel confusing and emotionally draining. Conversations go in circles or turn into fights, past experiences can create doubt and loss of trust.
You are a capable adult, used to managing work and responsibilities, yet finding your or life direction or relationship unexpectedly difficult. You are doubting the life you have built and the future you imagined, hoping to get back what you once had and wondering whether a different path may best. You may be struggling in your life or relationship , not because everything is wrong, but because something no longer feels quite right. What once felt natural now feel confusing and emotionally draining. Conversations go in circles or turn into fights, past experiences can create doubt and loss of trust.
0141 530 4667 View 0141 530 4667

See more therapy options for Bristol

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bristol

1,000+

Average cost per session

£64

Counsellors in Bristol who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
84% Depression
81% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
57% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aviva
65% AXA PPP
55% Bupa

How Counsellors in Bristol see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
28% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bristol?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.