Counselling in Bristol

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I work with couples who have heard about the benefits of EFT—Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy. This powerful approach helps couples reconnect by unraveling repetitive communication patterns. It goes beyond "just talking," enabling you to communicate clearly and connect on a deeper, heartfelt level, so you can express what truly matters to each other. In each session, I create a supportive space where I listen attentively, ensuring both partners feel understood. I guide you through the process of exploring your emotions and patterns, helping you rebuild emotional security and strengthen your bond as a couple.
I work with couples who have heard about the benefits of EFT—Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy. This powerful approach helps couples reconnect by unraveling repetitive communication patterns. It goes beyond "just talking," enabling you to communicate clearly and connect on a deeper, heartfelt level, so you can express what truly matters to each other. In each session, I create a supportive space where I listen attentively, ensuring both partners feel understood. I guide you through the process of exploring your emotions and patterns, helping you rebuild emotional security and strengthen your bond as a couple.
01275 402795 View 01275 402795
Lisa Hayes Counselling and Psychotherapy MBACP
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Bristol BS8
Life can be hard, and you don't have to navigate it alone. If you are feeling lost, anxious, sad, depressed or life is okay but you have a sense that there is something not quite right, talking with me may help. You may be feeling exhausted from trying to fit in, feeling too much, not enough or constantly misunderstood.. Maybe you are having difficulty enjoying life, suffering from recurring negative or intrusive thoughts, or struggling with relationships?...or parenting feels overwhelming?
Life can be hard, and you don't have to navigate it alone. If you are feeling lost, anxious, sad, depressed or life is okay but you have a sense that there is something not quite right, talking with me may help. You may be feeling exhausted from trying to fit in, feeling too much, not enough or constantly misunderstood.. Maybe you are having difficulty enjoying life, suffering from recurring negative or intrusive thoughts, or struggling with relationships?...or parenting feels overwhelming?
01454 802677 View 01454 802677
Maria Magdalena Tudorache
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Bristol BS15
You may be carrying the effects of trauma, long-term stress or difficult life experiences that your body hasn't been able to to fully process. Perhaps you feel on the edge, numb, overwhelmed, or easily triggered, without knowing why. Many of my clients want to understand what their nervous system is doing, why they feel stuck and how they can feel safer, calmer and more connected inside themselves again. You may be carrying the impact of early experiences that left you feeling unsafe, unseen or overwhelmed. Childhood trauma often shows up later as anxiety, over-thinking, people-pleasing, emotional numbness, difficulty trusting.
You may be carrying the effects of trauma, long-term stress or difficult life experiences that your body hasn't been able to to fully process. Perhaps you feel on the edge, numb, overwhelmed, or easily triggered, without knowing why. Many of my clients want to understand what their nervous system is doing, why they feel stuck and how they can feel safer, calmer and more connected inside themselves again. You may be carrying the impact of early experiences that left you feeling unsafe, unseen or overwhelmed. Childhood trauma often shows up later as anxiety, over-thinking, people-pleasing, emotional numbness, difficulty trusting.
0117 463 9067 View 0117 463 9067
Beatriz Colomer Marin
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Bristol BS6
Welcome, I’m Beatriz, a fully qualified integrative counsellor. I understand how life’s challenges can leave you feeling disconnected from yourself, uncertain, or overwhelmed. I offer a warm, grounded space where you can feel truly heard, seen, and supported. Sometimes, we can feel stuck, lost, or burdened by personal experiences. Together, we can slow things down, listen to what’s emerging beneath the surface, and begin to explore new ways of being that feel more aligned and authentic to you. I will meet you where you are, gently and without judgment, helping you make sense of what’s going on and what you need to move forward.
Welcome, I’m Beatriz, a fully qualified integrative counsellor. I understand how life’s challenges can leave you feeling disconnected from yourself, uncertain, or overwhelmed. I offer a warm, grounded space where you can feel truly heard, seen, and supported. Sometimes, we can feel stuck, lost, or burdened by personal experiences. Together, we can slow things down, listen to what’s emerging beneath the surface, and begin to explore new ways of being that feel more aligned and authentic to you. I will meet you where you are, gently and without judgment, helping you make sense of what’s going on and what you need to move forward.
01454 805893 View 01454 805893
Counselling & Psychotherapy Service
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS8
Welcome to my Counselling & Psychotherapy Service in Bristol and Cheltenham. I am an experienced and fully accredited UKCP Psychotherapist (MA Dip, Hip) and Couples Counsellor. I see clients with a range of issues on both a long term and short-term basis. This includes: Anxiety, Depression, Low Self-Esteem, Work Related Stress and Relationship difficulties too early childhood trauma. Also as a Qualified Social Worker I have many years practice of supporting client's through adverse experiences in their lives.
Welcome to my Counselling & Psychotherapy Service in Bristol and Cheltenham. I am an experienced and fully accredited UKCP Psychotherapist (MA Dip, Hip) and Couples Counsellor. I see clients with a range of issues on both a long term and short-term basis. This includes: Anxiety, Depression, Low Self-Esteem, Work Related Stress and Relationship difficulties too early childhood trauma. Also as a Qualified Social Worker I have many years practice of supporting client's through adverse experiences in their lives.
0117 456 2138 View 0117 456 2138
Nazeia Rani
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Bristol BS16
I am a psychotherapist working with adults, children and young people in Bristol. I offer a confidential space to talk about the difficulties you might be experiencing and to explore the positive changes you can make. If you want to enhance your quality of life and important relationships, I'll be happy to meet with you and discuss how counselling or psychotherapy can help you achieve those goals.
I am a psychotherapist working with adults, children and young people in Bristol. I offer a confidential space to talk about the difficulties you might be experiencing and to explore the positive changes you can make. If you want to enhance your quality of life and important relationships, I'll be happy to meet with you and discuss how counselling or psychotherapy can help you achieve those goals.
0117 325 4341 View 0117 325 4341
Daniela D'acri
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS3
Something has brought you here. Be it loss, change you didn't choose, difficulties in your relationships/work, a stretch of unhappiness/depression that doesn't lift but becomes heavier, or a constant unease or anxiety that drains and takes away too much. Whether you arrive hopeful, looking for relief, or close to hopeless, stuck, numb or overwhelmed, knowing deep down you are in survival mode — it doesn't have to be the only way. Whatever it is, it's unique to you and your story, and very human. Therapy can offer a place where those painful feelings and thoughts are not only welcome, but seen as offering the catalyst for change.
Something has brought you here. Be it loss, change you didn't choose, difficulties in your relationships/work, a stretch of unhappiness/depression that doesn't lift but becomes heavier, or a constant unease or anxiety that drains and takes away too much. Whether you arrive hopeful, looking for relief, or close to hopeless, stuck, numb or overwhelmed, knowing deep down you are in survival mode — it doesn't have to be the only way. Whatever it is, it's unique to you and your story, and very human. Therapy can offer a place where those painful feelings and thoughts are not only welcome, but seen as offering the catalyst for change.
01275 402812 View 01275 402812
Tracy Emma Mallaney
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Thank you for viewing my profile. I am a CBT therapist, counsellor, virtual therapist and supervisor with over 15 years experience of working with children, young people and adults in the charity and private sector. Difficulties I can help you with include anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, sleep difficulties, self-esteem, body image, trauma, abuse, bereavement and loss and relational difficulties. I can offer you a non-judgmental, and supportive space to explore the challenges you may be facing that are stopping you from living your life in the way that you want and deserve. I can support you to meet your goals.
Thank you for viewing my profile. I am a CBT therapist, counsellor, virtual therapist and supervisor with over 15 years experience of working with children, young people and adults in the charity and private sector. Difficulties I can help you with include anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, sleep difficulties, self-esteem, body image, trauma, abuse, bereavement and loss and relational difficulties. I can offer you a non-judgmental, and supportive space to explore the challenges you may be facing that are stopping you from living your life in the way that you want and deserve. I can support you to meet your goals.
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Soul Connection Counselling
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Hello and welcome, I'm Remona. It can be really hard choosing a Therapist when life feels so very difficult already, hopefully I can help you make up your mind. Are you feeling helpless, hopeless and disconnected from life?  Lonely, depressed or struggling with your relationships? Perhaps you’re experiencing anxiety, stress or PTSD symptoms that impact you on a daily basis. Maybe you’re just feeling stuck in a rut and not sure where to go. Life can often feel messy, but no matter how big or how small your problem feels, we can work together to help you reach a more stable place.
Hello and welcome, I'm Remona. It can be really hard choosing a Therapist when life feels so very difficult already, hopefully I can help you make up your mind. Are you feeling helpless, hopeless and disconnected from life?  Lonely, depressed or struggling with your relationships? Perhaps you’re experiencing anxiety, stress or PTSD symptoms that impact you on a daily basis. Maybe you’re just feeling stuck in a rut and not sure where to go. Life can often feel messy, but no matter how big or how small your problem feels, we can work together to help you reach a more stable place.
0117 325 2866 View 0117 325 2866
The Beacon Hub - Adult ADHD & Autism Assessments
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Accred
Online Only
You may have wondered for some time whether you could be autistic or have ADHD, or perhaps this is something you have only recently begun to explore. You might recognise lifelong patterns of feeling different, becoming overwhelmed, struggling with attention or organisation, masking, or working hard to manage everyday demands. The Beacon Hub supports adults seeking greater understanding through a thoughtful and comprehensive diagnostic assessment for ADHD and/or autism, including those exploring neurodivergence later in life.
You may have wondered for some time whether you could be autistic or have ADHD, or perhaps this is something you have only recently begun to explore. You might recognise lifelong patterns of feeling different, becoming overwhelmed, struggling with attention or organisation, masking, or working hard to manage everyday demands. The Beacon Hub supports adults seeking greater understanding through a thoughtful and comprehensive diagnostic assessment for ADHD and/or autism, including those exploring neurodivergence later in life.
01454 399827 View 01454 399827
Eden Therapy
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Bristol BS9
It takes courage to explore therapy, and I’m here to support you as we navigate this journey together. As a trainee humanistic integrative psychotherapist studying at the Bath Centre for Psychotherapy and Counselling, my approach is centered on creating a safe, compassionate space where we can work collaboratively to understand your experiences, feelings, and aspirations.
It takes courage to explore therapy, and I’m here to support you as we navigate this journey together. As a trainee humanistic integrative psychotherapist studying at the Bath Centre for Psychotherapy and Counselling, my approach is centered on creating a safe, compassionate space where we can work collaboratively to understand your experiences, feelings, and aspirations.
0117 463 3918 View 0117 463 3918
Kate Burn
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Bristol BS4
I offer a space for children, young people and their families using a blended approach of art therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy to come alongside each individual to help them to explore their inner world. With over 15 years of experience working in a number of settings, including schools, charitable organisations and the NHS, I love to meet new people and work together to build a trusting relationship in which thoughts and feelings can be explored and understood. The added dynamic of art and play allows an opportunity for children’s primary mode of communication to enable expression where words sometimes cannot be found.
I offer a space for children, young people and their families using a blended approach of art therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy to come alongside each individual to help them to explore their inner world. With over 15 years of experience working in a number of settings, including schools, charitable organisations and the NHS, I love to meet new people and work together to build a trusting relationship in which thoughts and feelings can be explored and understood. The added dynamic of art and play allows an opportunity for children’s primary mode of communication to enable expression where words sometimes cannot be found.
0117 463 8779 View 0117 463 8779
Dr Laura Wade
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS9
I am a specialise in working with adults and young people with a neurodevelopmental disorder and/or identify as neurodiverse. My area of expertise is ADHD and I offer diagnostic assessment, psychosocial treatment and work closely with two excellent clinical partners who can offer medical treatments. I am have training in CBT and compassion focused interventions and worked greatly with adults who have experienced trauma. Check out our partnership website Attention to Health for more information or to book an expert consultation.
I am a specialise in working with adults and young people with a neurodevelopmental disorder and/or identify as neurodiverse. My area of expertise is ADHD and I offer diagnostic assessment, psychosocial treatment and work closely with two excellent clinical partners who can offer medical treatments. I am have training in CBT and compassion focused interventions and worked greatly with adults who have experienced trauma. Check out our partnership website Attention to Health for more information or to book an expert consultation.
0117 463 3295 View 0117 463 3295
Catherine Alcock
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Bristol BS2
I am a Person-Centred Counsellor offering support to individuals face to face, online and via the telephone. People reach out for counselling for many reasons and choosing to engage in this work is an amazing act of self-care. I understand that taking those first steps on your counselling journey can feel very daunting, maybe even a bit frightening, but I offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore any difficulties you are experiencing and an empathetic, non-judgmental, warm, and friendly environment for us to work in.
I am a Person-Centred Counsellor offering support to individuals face to face, online and via the telephone. People reach out for counselling for many reasons and choosing to engage in this work is an amazing act of self-care. I understand that taking those first steps on your counselling journey can feel very daunting, maybe even a bit frightening, but I offer a safe and confidential space for you to explore any difficulties you are experiencing and an empathetic, non-judgmental, warm, and friendly environment for us to work in.
07534 460192 View 07534 460192
Katie Norsworthy
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Bristol BS40
Hi! Nice to have you here. I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor, providing a non-judgemental, warm space to support individuals across the UK. I offer in-person sessions in Wrington (close to Bristol and Weston-super-Mare), or online sessions for anyone in the UK. I work with a range of difficulties, and help the person in front of me to untangle what's going on, to learn about themselves, and to support someone with whatever difficulties they are facing. I often work with people who have experienced trauma, and also work with autistic individuals, using a range of adaptations to therapy.
Hi! Nice to have you here. I am a qualified psychotherapeutic counsellor, providing a non-judgemental, warm space to support individuals across the UK. I offer in-person sessions in Wrington (close to Bristol and Weston-super-Mare), or online sessions for anyone in the UK. I work with a range of difficulties, and help the person in front of me to untangle what's going on, to learn about themselves, and to support someone with whatever difficulties they are facing. I often work with people who have experienced trauma, and also work with autistic individuals, using a range of adaptations to therapy.
01934 314985 View 01934 314985
Hannah Lehrain
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Bristol BS1
Do you replay your baby's birth over and over like a video you can't turn off? Do you find yourself constantly checking if your baby is still breathing? Do you feel numb, like you're going through the motions of parenthood but feel nothing? Do you avoid pregnant friends, baby showers, or conversations about birth altogether? Do you shudder at the thought of another pregnancy? I've always been passionate about working with trauma. My focus on birth trauma and baby loss deepened through my work within an NHS Maternal Mental Health Service, where I saw firsthand how many parents suffer in silence after a difficult birth or loss.
Do you replay your baby's birth over and over like a video you can't turn off? Do you find yourself constantly checking if your baby is still breathing? Do you feel numb, like you're going through the motions of parenthood but feel nothing? Do you avoid pregnant friends, baby showers, or conversations about birth altogether? Do you shudder at the thought of another pregnancy? I've always been passionate about working with trauma. My focus on birth trauma and baby loss deepened through my work within an NHS Maternal Mental Health Service, where I saw firsthand how many parents suffer in silence after a difficult birth or loss.
0117 456 2877 View 0117 456 2877
Clare Mains
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Bristol BS8
Counselling with me isn't about fixing you, it's about helping you connect with your own inner resources, confidence, and self-trust: the things you can carry with you long after our sessions end. I work with people who are navigating a variety of different experiences. Sometimes it's a specific event that's shaken things up. Other times it's a familiar pattern that keeps resurfacing, or a sense that life feels heavier, more overwhelming, or more confusing than you'd like it to be. You don't need to be in crisis to benefit from counselling: whatever brings you here is completely valid.
Counselling with me isn't about fixing you, it's about helping you connect with your own inner resources, confidence, and self-trust: the things you can carry with you long after our sessions end. I work with people who are navigating a variety of different experiences. Sometimes it's a specific event that's shaken things up. Other times it's a familiar pattern that keeps resurfacing, or a sense that life feels heavier, more overwhelming, or more confusing than you'd like it to be. You don't need to be in crisis to benefit from counselling: whatever brings you here is completely valid.
01454 399769 View 01454 399769
Joe Gruenewald
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Bristol BS1
Many (not all) of the people I work with look like they’re doing well on the outside. They may be progressing in their career, building a business, working in tech, engineering or creative industries and yet privately feel anxious, burned out or quietly struggling, dissatisfied or relying on unhealthy habits and behaviours. I tailor the work to you rather than applying an approach to you. Therapy with me is a process of discovery, gaining insight (“aha” moments), feeling your way through what’s difficult, and doing that work within a genuinely relational space (not AI). Insight is powerful. Integration changes behaviour.
Many (not all) of the people I work with look like they’re doing well on the outside. They may be progressing in their career, building a business, working in tech, engineering or creative industries and yet privately feel anxious, burned out or quietly struggling, dissatisfied or relying on unhealthy habits and behaviours. I tailor the work to you rather than applying an approach to you. Therapy with me is a process of discovery, gaining insight (“aha” moments), feeling your way through what’s difficult, and doing that work within a genuinely relational space (not AI). Insight is powerful. Integration changes behaviour.
020 4538 6382 View 020 4538 6382
Monica Stanescu
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Online Only
You’re holding a lot — and from the outside, it might look like you’re coping. But inside, you feel overwhelmed, emotionally stretched, and caught in cycles of self-doubt, overthinking, or burnout. I work with women navigating ADHD, emotional intensity, and low self-trust — as well as mothers and carers of neurodivergent children who are carrying more than most people see. This isn’t about pushing through or adding more coping strategies. It's about safety, emotional safety. Your nervous system needs it. Our work together is collaborative, deeply personalised, and grounded in both clinical expertise and genuine compassion.
You’re holding a lot — and from the outside, it might look like you’re coping. But inside, you feel overwhelmed, emotionally stretched, and caught in cycles of self-doubt, overthinking, or burnout. I work with women navigating ADHD, emotional intensity, and low self-trust — as well as mothers and carers of neurodivergent children who are carrying more than most people see. This isn’t about pushing through or adding more coping strategies. It's about safety, emotional safety. Your nervous system needs it. Our work together is collaborative, deeply personalised, and grounded in both clinical expertise and genuine compassion.
0117 463 9741 View 0117 463 9741
Dr Maria R. Thompson
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Bristol BS32
I assist adults and older adults to reduce distress, improve awareness, connection, functioning and QoL through face-to-face and online counselling and psychological therapy. You can explore and address your concerns safely with session materials to take away for future reference. I offer evidenced approaches. Since 1998 I have worked with many people in their recovery from a range of emotional, behavioural, personality and mental health issues across various settings to Consultant level. Hopefully, I maybe of assistance to you also. Dr Maria Thompson BSc (Hons) MSc Post-MSc DCounsPsych CPsychol AFBPsS. Desideratum P&C Services Ltd.
I assist adults and older adults to reduce distress, improve awareness, connection, functioning and QoL through face-to-face and online counselling and psychological therapy. You can explore and address your concerns safely with session materials to take away for future reference. I offer evidenced approaches. Since 1998 I have worked with many people in their recovery from a range of emotional, behavioural, personality and mental health issues across various settings to Consultant level. Hopefully, I maybe of assistance to you also. Dr Maria Thompson BSc (Hons) MSc Post-MSc DCounsPsych CPsychol AFBPsS. Desideratum P&C Services Ltd.
0117 313 6822 View 0117 313 6822

See more therapy options for Bristol

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bristol

1,000+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in Bristol who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
83% Depression
80% Self Esteem
75% Stress
74% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aviva
63% AXA PPP
56% Bupa

How Counsellors in Bristol see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
27% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bristol?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.