Counselling in Brighton

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Photo of Katie Elise Boucher - Katie Boucher Therapy, Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Katie Boucher Therapy
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
I believe therapy is for everyone, a place where we can work side by side to explore your experiences, patterns, and the ways you relate to others and to yourself. We are shaped by relationships and the cultural worlds we move through—both past and present. In therapy, we gently explore these influences at a pace that feels right for you. I will offer you a space rooted in curiosity, compassion, and respect, where you won’t be judged, fixed, or analysed. Through experiencing a relationship based on acceptance, empathy, and care, new possibilities can emerge.
I believe therapy is for everyone, a place where we can work side by side to explore your experiences, patterns, and the ways you relate to others and to yourself. We are shaped by relationships and the cultural worlds we move through—both past and present. In therapy, we gently explore these influences at a pace that feels right for you. I will offer you a space rooted in curiosity, compassion, and respect, where you won’t be judged, fixed, or analysed. Through experiencing a relationship based on acceptance, empathy, and care, new possibilities can emerge.
01273 110650 View 01273 110650
Photo of Susie Cabrillana, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Susie Cabrillana
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
1 Endorsed
As a therapist and midwife I understand the barriers you might feel asking for help during the perinatal period (pregnancy, birth or postnatally). Many people struggle to talk about their anxiety, depression or doubts and worries about being a parent. You might feel judged or that you have failed in some way and there can be a real sense of pressure to feel positive throughout, making it sometimes feel really hard to admit you are struggling, so I understand just how significant asking for help is. Reaching out is positive and is the first step towards recovery - of your sense of self, your self worth and your wellbeing.
As a therapist and midwife I understand the barriers you might feel asking for help during the perinatal period (pregnancy, birth or postnatally). Many people struggle to talk about their anxiety, depression or doubts and worries about being a parent. You might feel judged or that you have failed in some way and there can be a real sense of pressure to feel positive throughout, making it sometimes feel really hard to admit you are struggling, so I understand just how significant asking for help is. Reaching out is positive and is the first step towards recovery - of your sense of self, your self worth and your wellbeing.
01273 957382 View 01273 957382
Photo of Harry Cooper, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Harry Cooper
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Maybe you feel your life isn't going as it should be, things may feel out of control or they don't bring you the satisfaction they should. I offer individual and group psychotherapy; a place to explore and better undertsand these experiences and yourself better. I have worked effectively with patients struggling with issues related to; anxiety, depression, addiction, difficult thoughts, identity issues, issues with relationships and managing emotions. The struggles that people come with are often been ones that they have been struggling with for some time and the treatment I offer can take time to see results.
Maybe you feel your life isn't going as it should be, things may feel out of control or they don't bring you the satisfaction they should. I offer individual and group psychotherapy; a place to explore and better undertsand these experiences and yourself better. I have worked effectively with patients struggling with issues related to; anxiety, depression, addiction, difficult thoughts, identity issues, issues with relationships and managing emotions. The struggles that people come with are often been ones that they have been struggling with for some time and the treatment I offer can take time to see results.
01903 964875 View 01903 964875
Photo of Kesley Cage, Counsellor, MBACP
Kesley Cage
Counsellor, MBACP
What a world we live in, hey? So much pain. So much drama, and heartache. Yet, also so much beauty, love, and understanding. There's nothing to do except be here now, and show up fully, living as best as we can. This is where therapy begins. It may be hard work to change your habits, or to stop your thoughts spiralling. However you may find stillness, presence and recovery. No matter what adversity you've been through, I believe that you can grow from it and gain resilience. (Please visit my website to learn more and view availability for an initial consultation).
What a world we live in, hey? So much pain. So much drama, and heartache. Yet, also so much beauty, love, and understanding. There's nothing to do except be here now, and show up fully, living as best as we can. This is where therapy begins. It may be hard work to change your habits, or to stop your thoughts spiralling. However you may find stillness, presence and recovery. No matter what adversity you've been through, I believe that you can grow from it and gain resilience. (Please visit my website to learn more and view availability for an initial consultation).
Photo of Becky Sheppard, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Becky Sheppard
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Drama Therap.
1 Endorsed
Therapy sessions with me will be a unique space for you within your week. A place to be heard and to focus in on yourself and your needs. Whether you are struggling with: anxiety, low-mood or depression, self-esteem issues, difficulties in your relationships at home or at work, processing past-traumatic experiences, questioning your identity or gender, or, generally asking questions you would value having support exploring- I can help. I work in Brighton and online with adults and with children and young people (4-18). Get in touch to discuss how I might be able to support you (or your young person).
Therapy sessions with me will be a unique space for you within your week. A place to be heard and to focus in on yourself and your needs. Whether you are struggling with: anxiety, low-mood or depression, self-esteem issues, difficulties in your relationships at home or at work, processing past-traumatic experiences, questioning your identity or gender, or, generally asking questions you would value having support exploring- I can help. I work in Brighton and online with adults and with children and young people (4-18). Get in touch to discuss how I might be able to support you (or your young person).
01273 110398 View 01273 110398
Photo of Charlotte Helen Hastings, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Charlotte Helen Hastings
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
For individuals and couples I offer a secure, encouraging, creative base to grow and safely explore life’s challenges, confusions and changes. Times in life where we lose our sense of direction, personal power and potential, feel stuck in repetitive patterns or struggle to find meaning and motivation – times of crisis - are also gateways to healing. In seeking help you are stepping into the adventure. With a passion for safe, useful, brave therapeutic enquiry, I bring an adaptive, playful approach to help activate your unique healing potential.
For individuals and couples I offer a secure, encouraging, creative base to grow and safely explore life’s challenges, confusions and changes. Times in life where we lose our sense of direction, personal power and potential, feel stuck in repetitive patterns or struggle to find meaning and motivation – times of crisis - are also gateways to healing. In seeking help you are stepping into the adventure. With a passion for safe, useful, brave therapeutic enquiry, I bring an adaptive, playful approach to help activate your unique healing potential.
01273 934730 View 01273 934730
Photo of Yiannis Athanasiadis, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Yiannis Athanasiadis
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Brighton BN42
My ideal client feels "stuck", either literally behind the wheel or figuratively in life. You might feel your world shrinking due to driving anxiety, motorway panic, or trauma from a past accident. Or perhaps traditional face-to-face therapy feels too stagnant; you need a space that moves with you. You want to reclaim your independence and confidence, but the fear feels too heavy to navigate alone. You are looking for a therapist who understands that how we navigate the road often reflects how we navigate life. You need a safe, non-judgmental environment where you can finally feel back in the driver’s seat.
My ideal client feels "stuck", either literally behind the wheel or figuratively in life. You might feel your world shrinking due to driving anxiety, motorway panic, or trauma from a past accident. Or perhaps traditional face-to-face therapy feels too stagnant; you need a space that moves with you. You want to reclaim your independence and confidence, but the fear feels too heavy to navigate alone. You are looking for a therapist who understands that how we navigate the road often reflects how we navigate life. You need a safe, non-judgmental environment where you can finally feel back in the driver’s seat.
01273 110669 View 01273 110669
Photo of Sharon Veronica Twomey, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Sharon Veronica Twomey
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
I'm a psychotherapeutic counsellor offering short and long term therapy across Brighton and Hove. Life can sometimes feel heavy—leaving us stuck, anxious, or unsure of which way to turn. In these moments, therapy can offer a space to pause, reflect, and begin to make sense of what’s happening beneath the surface. I work with warmth and compassion, drawing on psychodynamic and relational approaches to gently uncover how early experiences and relationships may be shaping present-day struggles. Together, we begin to understand how these patterns have influenced your sense of self, your relationships, and how you move through the world
I'm a psychotherapeutic counsellor offering short and long term therapy across Brighton and Hove. Life can sometimes feel heavy—leaving us stuck, anxious, or unsure of which way to turn. In these moments, therapy can offer a space to pause, reflect, and begin to make sense of what’s happening beneath the surface. I work with warmth and compassion, drawing on psychodynamic and relational approaches to gently uncover how early experiences and relationships may be shaping present-day struggles. Together, we begin to understand how these patterns have influenced your sense of self, your relationships, and how you move through the world
01273 957852 View 01273 957852
Photo of Sarah Eva - Valley Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Valley Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Hello. I am Sarah Eva. I am an experienced psychotherapist and an accredited EMDR practitioner and consultant (supervisor). I am a qualified CBT therapist and have completed training in Internal Family Systems (IFS) Levels 1 and 2. I provide safe and confidential therapy services to adults and adolescents (16+) for a range of presenting difficulties, from depression and anxiety, including OCD, to childhood trauma, including sexual abuse and complex PTSD. I have a clinic in Brighton, UK and offer online therapy sessions. I am accredited with BACP and EMDR UK.
Hello. I am Sarah Eva. I am an experienced psychotherapist and an accredited EMDR practitioner and consultant (supervisor). I am a qualified CBT therapist and have completed training in Internal Family Systems (IFS) Levels 1 and 2. I provide safe and confidential therapy services to adults and adolescents (16+) for a range of presenting difficulties, from depression and anxiety, including OCD, to childhood trauma, including sexual abuse and complex PTSD. I have a clinic in Brighton, UK and offer online therapy sessions. I am accredited with BACP and EMDR UK.
01892 335343 View 01892 335343
Photo of Rosalind Ukoko-Rivers, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Rosalind Ukoko-Rivers
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
I offer online, phone and face to face and walk therapy sessions, working under up to date risks assessments and client guidelines. I believe that each client is unique and an individual. This client - therapist working relationship, regardless of race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation, is the key to a positive and collaborative experience that offers insight and deeper understanding of our true needs and desires. I am proactive, flexible and adaptable according to your needs and requirements. I also work for Victim Support organisation. I am a qualified teacher with BA, MSc and PGCE qualifications, and DBS enhanced checked.
I offer online, phone and face to face and walk therapy sessions, working under up to date risks assessments and client guidelines. I believe that each client is unique and an individual. This client - therapist working relationship, regardless of race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation, is the key to a positive and collaborative experience that offers insight and deeper understanding of our true needs and desires. I am proactive, flexible and adaptable according to your needs and requirements. I also work for Victim Support organisation. I am a qualified teacher with BA, MSc and PGCE qualifications, and DBS enhanced checked.
01273 092694 View 01273 092694
Photo of Maurice Pigaht, Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Maurice Pigaht
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Welcome! Taking the first steps on your therapeutic journey can be difficult. Whether you’re looking to cope with difficult feelings, overcome a crisis, work on your relationships, or set yourself new goals, I can offer you a space to explore yourself, heal, and maybe change. In my practice, whether we meet online or in Brighton, I look to create a safe and welcoming space for you to explore what’s on your mind at your own pace and in line with your own priorities.
Welcome! Taking the first steps on your therapeutic journey can be difficult. Whether you’re looking to cope with difficult feelings, overcome a crisis, work on your relationships, or set yourself new goals, I can offer you a space to explore yourself, heal, and maybe change. In my practice, whether we meet online or in Brighton, I look to create a safe and welcoming space for you to explore what’s on your mind at your own pace and in line with your own priorities.
01273 110566 View 01273 110566
Photo of Lola Van Mulders, Counsellor, MBACP
Lola Van Mulders
Counsellor, MBACP
Through psychodynamic psychotherapy, I support clients gain insight in behavioural patterns and internal struggles. This approach is rooted in the belief that our early life experiences influence who we are and how we navigate relationships. However, it’s not just about examining the past—it’s also an opportunity to process and navigate your current emotions and experiences. In any case, therapy is centered around your needs and you are free to use it in whatever way feels most helpful to you.
Through psychodynamic psychotherapy, I support clients gain insight in behavioural patterns and internal struggles. This approach is rooted in the belief that our early life experiences influence who we are and how we navigate relationships. However, it’s not just about examining the past—it’s also an opportunity to process and navigate your current emotions and experiences. In any case, therapy is centered around your needs and you are free to use it in whatever way feels most helpful to you.
01273 092912 View 01273 092912
Photo of Clea Alber, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Clea Alber
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Do you need specialist help with anxiety, stress or mood probIems? I have practised as a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behaviour Therapist and Supervisor for over twenty years and draw on my wide-ranging experience and training to determine the best approach to suit your individual needs and situation so that I can help you improve your life. As a CBT Therapist I will aim to not only help you understand your difficulties, but to actively make changes, using evidence-based therapeutic interventions within a warm and non-judgmental relationship.
Do you need specialist help with anxiety, stress or mood probIems? I have practised as a BABCP accredited Cognitive Behaviour Therapist and Supervisor for over twenty years and draw on my wide-ranging experience and training to determine the best approach to suit your individual needs and situation so that I can help you improve your life. As a CBT Therapist I will aim to not only help you understand your difficulties, but to actively make changes, using evidence-based therapeutic interventions within a warm and non-judgmental relationship.
07979 541466 View 07979 541466
Photo of Dr Sophie Ann Bafunno-Clifton, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Sophie Ann Bafunno-Clifton
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
I have worked alongside people of all ages, from a variety of backgrounds, experiencing a broad range of mental health difficulties. These include depression, anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, workplace stress, attachment and relationship difficulties. I take an eclectic approach to therapy, drawing on multiple psychological theories (e.g. CBT, ACT, CFT, CAT, psycho-dynamic approaches) to build an individualised and holistic approach, empowering each individual to embark on recovery and achieve their therapeutic goals.
I have worked alongside people of all ages, from a variety of backgrounds, experiencing a broad range of mental health difficulties. These include depression, anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, workplace stress, attachment and relationship difficulties. I take an eclectic approach to therapy, drawing on multiple psychological theories (e.g. CBT, ACT, CFT, CAT, psycho-dynamic approaches) to build an individualised and holistic approach, empowering each individual to embark on recovery and achieve their therapeutic goals.
01273 092145 View 01273 092145
Photo of Simon Buckland, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Simon Buckland
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Do you ever think that your life could be so much happier or more satisfying than it is? Many of us grow up absorbing negative influences and energies, and in adult life these may show up as low self-esteem, anxiety, rage, or depression. All these feelings can interfere with our relationships and with our ability to enjoy and make the most of our lives.
Do you ever think that your life could be so much happier or more satisfying than it is? Many of us grow up absorbing negative influences and energies, and in adult life these may show up as low self-esteem, anxiety, rage, or depression. All these feelings can interfere with our relationships and with our ability to enjoy and make the most of our lives.
01273 110992 View 01273 110992
Photo of Al Renton, Counsellor, MBACP
Al Renton
Counsellor, MBACP
I'm an integrative therapist based in Brighton, working in person and online, providing a space where you can talk openly about what's happening for you and be truly listened to. Over time, life can layer us with experiences, beliefs and patterns that leave us feeling disconnected from who we truly are. Therapy offers a space to explore these layers - to reflect on the stories we've been told or come to believe, and gently consider whether they still serve us. My approach is integrative and relational, and my aim is for you to show up, as you are, without fear of judgement and to feel supported in your process, at your own pace.
I'm an integrative therapist based in Brighton, working in person and online, providing a space where you can talk openly about what's happening for you and be truly listened to. Over time, life can layer us with experiences, beliefs and patterns that leave us feeling disconnected from who we truly are. Therapy offers a space to explore these layers - to reflect on the stories we've been told or come to believe, and gently consider whether they still serve us. My approach is integrative and relational, and my aim is for you to show up, as you are, without fear of judgement and to feel supported in your process, at your own pace.
01273 110662 View 01273 110662
Photo of Gemma Nethersole, Counsellor, MBACP
Gemma Nethersole
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
At times life can be distressing or leave us feeling less able to cope. Perhaps you feel at odds with yourself; unsure of how to move forward or aware that you don't want to continue feeling as you do now.
At times life can be distressing or leave us feeling less able to cope. Perhaps you feel at odds with yourself; unsure of how to move forward or aware that you don't want to continue feeling as you do now.
01273 005918 View 01273 005918
Photo of Rhian Davies-De Souza, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Rhian Davies-De Souza
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Many of my clients come to therapy feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or weighed down by things they can’t easily put into words—grief, anxiety, trauma, identity questions, or a deep tiredness they can't shake. They want to feel more at ease in themselves, more connected, and less alone in their experience. I offer a warm, trauma-informed space where we move at your pace. Whether you're neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, a parent, navigating childhood wounds, or have a child who is struggling—I'll meet you with care, curiosity, and respect. You don’t need to have the ‘right words’ to begin. Together, we’ll explore what’s happening
Many of my clients come to therapy feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or weighed down by things they can’t easily put into words—grief, anxiety, trauma, identity questions, or a deep tiredness they can't shake. They want to feel more at ease in themselves, more connected, and less alone in their experience. I offer a warm, trauma-informed space where we move at your pace. Whether you're neurodivergent, LGBTQ+, a parent, navigating childhood wounds, or have a child who is struggling—I'll meet you with care, curiosity, and respect. You don’t need to have the ‘right words’ to begin. Together, we’ll explore what’s happening
01273 110646 View 01273 110646
Photo of James Meade - Addiction Counselling Sussex, Counsellor, MBACP
Addiction Counselling Sussex
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
In my practice I am available to work with any type of addiction. I have extensive experience working with people affected by Substances or gambling addiction. However addiction can manifest in many different ways. My support can also stretch to family members or friends who have been impacted by someone else’s addiction or behaviours. My practice is currently online – providing a flexible affordable service.
In my practice I am available to work with any type of addiction. I have extensive experience working with people affected by Substances or gambling addiction. However addiction can manifest in many different ways. My support can also stretch to family members or friends who have been impacted by someone else’s addiction or behaviours. My practice is currently online – providing a flexible affordable service.
01273 110433 View 01273 110433
Photo of Liane Kirkcaldy, Counsellor, MBACP
Liane Kirkcaldy
Counsellor, MBACP
Are you seeking clarity about how to break free from restrictive cycles or patterns of thoughts and behaviours? Do you feel these issues are preventing you from living your life to the full? Perhaps you are struggling to move forward after a significant loss such as a bereavement, divorce, health problems. With my professional support, you can gain a deeper understanding of why these blocks are present. During our sessions, I can help you to find a path through these challenges to a place where growth, change and enhanced wellbeing become possible.
Are you seeking clarity about how to break free from restrictive cycles or patterns of thoughts and behaviours? Do you feel these issues are preventing you from living your life to the full? Perhaps you are struggling to move forward after a significant loss such as a bereavement, divorce, health problems. With my professional support, you can gain a deeper understanding of why these blocks are present. During our sessions, I can help you to find a path through these challenges to a place where growth, change and enhanced wellbeing become possible.
01273 957660 View 01273 957660

See more therapy options for Brighton

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Brighton

600+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in Brighton who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
82% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
74% Stress
64% Trauma and PTSD
62% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aviva
60% AXA PPP
49% Bupa

How Counsellors in Brighton see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
26% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Brighton?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.