Counselling in Bramham

Photo of Andy Dunn, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Andy Dunn
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hello, and welcome to my page in this directory. I am a highly qualified and experienced clinical psychologist located near the centre of York. Prior to working full time in private practice I worked as a clinical psychologist in NHS mental health services for 14years. I offer individual therapy to adults (across the age range) with a wide range of difficulties including: anxiety, panic, depression, low mood, trauma, emotional neglect, stress, grief, self-esteem and relationship problems. Please see my website for more details of how I work.
Hello, and welcome to my page in this directory. I am a highly qualified and experienced clinical psychologist located near the centre of York. Prior to working full time in private practice I worked as a clinical psychologist in NHS mental health services for 14years. I offer individual therapy to adults (across the age range) with a wide range of difficulties including: anxiety, panic, depression, low mood, trauma, emotional neglect, stress, grief, self-esteem and relationship problems. Please see my website for more details of how I work.
01904 929221 View 01904 929221

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Liz Maskew, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Liz Maskew
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leeds LS17
Do you feel on high alert, experience anxiety, depression, maybe have racing thoughts, struggle to rest.  Life can feel so exhausting when overwhelmed. I understand that sense of confusion, isolation, feeling lost with how to be ‘strong’, be enough.   I can help you move towards feeling lighter, more connected to others, confident with daily life as well as feeling more in control and less anxious.  Together we can work on reducing the impact of distressing thoughts, reducing feelings of overwhelm and manage any self harm or suicidal thoughts and feelings. I will be beside you as you learn more about yourself.
Do you feel on high alert, experience anxiety, depression, maybe have racing thoughts, struggle to rest.  Life can feel so exhausting when overwhelmed. I understand that sense of confusion, isolation, feeling lost with how to be ‘strong’, be enough.   I can help you move towards feeling lighter, more connected to others, confident with daily life as well as feeling more in control and less anxious.  Together we can work on reducing the impact of distressing thoughts, reducing feelings of overwhelm and manage any self harm or suicidal thoughts and feelings. I will be beside you as you learn more about yourself.
01937 227408 View 01937 227408
Photo of Sally Rebecca Charles - North Star Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
North Star Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Ossett WF5
I am an accredited cognitive behavioural therapist, with over 25 years experience working with children and young people. Alongside my CBT training I am trauma focused and have experience of working with children/young people who are experiencing thoughts of self harm/suicide, including people who have acted on those thoughts and also with people with autism and/or ADHD. I have always been passionate about supporting children and young people to reach their full potential and improving mental health can be the key. I work alogside my daughter who is a mental health practitioner.
I am an accredited cognitive behavioural therapist, with over 25 years experience working with children and young people. Alongside my CBT training I am trauma focused and have experience of working with children/young people who are experiencing thoughts of self harm/suicide, including people who have acted on those thoughts and also with people with autism and/or ADHD. I have always been passionate about supporting children and young people to reach their full potential and improving mental health can be the key. I work alogside my daughter who is a mental health practitioner.
01924 943004 View 01924 943004
Photo of Inese Lapinska, Counsellor, MBACP
Inese Lapinska
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I am Inese. I am a trained integrative counsellor. My goal is to help you overcome your concerns and achieve your desired goals. I am offering a confidential, supportive and non-judgemental space where we together can explore your worries, feelings and thoughts regardless of the issue. I believe in the significance of being heard, understood and valued for who you are.
Hello, I am Inese. I am a trained integrative counsellor. My goal is to help you overcome your concerns and achieve your desired goals. I am offering a confidential, supportive and non-judgemental space where we together can explore your worries, feelings and thoughts regardless of the issue. I believe in the significance of being heard, understood and valued for who you are.
01977 802513 View 01977 802513
Photo of Hannah Ford, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Hannah Ford
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Putting into words how we feel can be daunting. We can find ourselves worrying that we won’t be understood, feeling safer to keep things bottled up. Therapy can be an opportunity to help find the words, confront beliefs we hold about ourselves or our experiences, and explore new ways we want to live our lives. Often narratives embed themselves in our relational patterns with others. You may feel like you’re never good enough, like you can never let your guard down or are longing for real connection but feeling unseen in relationships. Carrying these beliefs around alone can be incredibly isolating and can leave us feeling lost.
Putting into words how we feel can be daunting. We can find ourselves worrying that we won’t be understood, feeling safer to keep things bottled up. Therapy can be an opportunity to help find the words, confront beliefs we hold about ourselves or our experiences, and explore new ways we want to live our lives. Often narratives embed themselves in our relational patterns with others. You may feel like you’re never good enough, like you can never let your guard down or are longing for real connection but feeling unseen in relationships. Carrying these beliefs around alone can be incredibly isolating and can leave us feeling lost.
0113 519 5662 View 0113 519 5662
Photo of Emily Ihuoma Orji - Still Waters Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Still Waters Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Sometimes, life hands you a tornado that brings turbulence and instability and sometimes you are faced with issues which are difficult to handle alone and as a result, you need a little help navigating through life trials. When we are faced with tough times, it can be difficult to handle our feelings or locate what we are feeling and why.
Sometimes, life hands you a tornado that brings turbulence and instability and sometimes you are faced with issues which are difficult to handle alone and as a result, you need a little help navigating through life trials. When we are faced with tough times, it can be difficult to handle our feelings or locate what we are feeling and why.
01484 627051 View 01484 627051
Photo of Dr Aneesa Shariff | Ocd | Panic | Ptsd | Worry | Social Anx, Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Aneesa Shariff | Ocd | Panic | Ptsd | Worry | Social Anx
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Leeds LS16
You may be successful but your worries and tendency to go over worst case scenarios in your head are so hard to control. Perhaps your anxiety is making it difficult for you to sleep well, relax, causing problems in your relationships, or bringing on panic attacks. You may have been coping by trying to block the worries out or avoid the situations that trigger your anxiety, but this is only making it harder for you to be present in your life and relationships the way you want to be. I'm here to help and let you know that you can learn to live life in the moment and learn to trust in your coping skills again.
You may be successful but your worries and tendency to go over worst case scenarios in your head are so hard to control. Perhaps your anxiety is making it difficult for you to sleep well, relax, causing problems in your relationships, or bringing on panic attacks. You may have been coping by trying to block the worries out or avoid the situations that trigger your anxiety, but this is only making it harder for you to be present in your life and relationships the way you want to be. I'm here to help and let you know that you can learn to live life in the moment and learn to trust in your coping skills again.
0113 519 0623 View 0113 519 0623
Photo of Dr Rachel Attfield, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Rachel Attfield
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello. I'm Dr Rachel Attfield, an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I have experience in working with people with a range of psychological issues. For over 15 years, I have worked with people who are living with physical health conditions (including life limiting diagnoses). Such diagnoses can impact how someone feels emotionally and it can be important to think about the interaction between physical and mental health. In addition to this, I have experience working with a range of different presentations, including trauma, OCD , depression and people struggling to make the changes that they want in life.
Hello. I'm Dr Rachel Attfield, an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I have experience in working with people with a range of psychological issues. For over 15 years, I have worked with people who are living with physical health conditions (including life limiting diagnoses). Such diagnoses can impact how someone feels emotionally and it can be important to think about the interaction between physical and mental health. In addition to this, I have experience working with a range of different presentations, including trauma, OCD , depression and people struggling to make the changes that they want in life.
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Photo of Matthew Clark, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MUKCP
Matthew Clark
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Therapy can be an opportunity to explore and understand parts of your life that you may feel are affecting you in some way. My role is to accompany you on this journey where together, we can explore and make sense of your world and find ways to move forward.
Therapy can be an opportunity to explore and understand parts of your life that you may feel are affecting you in some way. My role is to accompany you on this journey where together, we can explore and make sense of your world and find ways to move forward.
01724 514350 View 01724 514350
Photo of Lisa Jane Marshall - GPS Counselling with Lisa Jane, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, PNCPS Acc.
GPS Counselling with Lisa Jane
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Online Only
I will offer you a safe, confidential, empathetic and compassionate space to talk through any difficulties that you are experiencing. The focus of our work together will be to help you to find a way to move forward with freedom, growth, self-discovery and confidence. Trust, honesty and compassion are an important part of the working relationship that I will offer you. I will work at your pace. I believe my job is not to lead you but to walk alongside you.
I will offer you a safe, confidential, empathetic and compassionate space to talk through any difficulties that you are experiencing. The focus of our work together will be to help you to find a way to move forward with freedom, growth, self-discovery and confidence. Trust, honesty and compassion are an important part of the working relationship that I will offer you. I will work at your pace. I believe my job is not to lead you but to walk alongside you.
01484 248073 View 01484 248073
Photo of Dr Rachel Crane, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Rachel Crane
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
I offer a compassionate and supportive space to work towards goals of effectively handling difficult thoughts, feelings and experiences. I support clients to gain a deeper insight into what is most important and meaningful to them, which helps to make significant changes, fostering personal growth and well-being, creating a rich and values-focused life. I am committed to creating a therapeutic space that is collaborative and non-judgmental and draws on a number of evidence-based models to best suit the needs of each client allowing them to make sense of their difficulties and adopt new ways to cope.
I offer a compassionate and supportive space to work towards goals of effectively handling difficult thoughts, feelings and experiences. I support clients to gain a deeper insight into what is most important and meaningful to them, which helps to make significant changes, fostering personal growth and well-being, creating a rich and values-focused life. I am committed to creating a therapeutic space that is collaborative and non-judgmental and draws on a number of evidence-based models to best suit the needs of each client allowing them to make sense of their difficulties and adopt new ways to cope.
0113 519 1167 View 0113 519 1167
Photo of Nicola Marran, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Nicola Marran
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Ossett WF5
Hi, I’m Nicky. I understand looking to begin counselling can bring up all sorts of feelings, from overwhelm to curiousity. I hope the information below paints a picture of what to expect when coming along to sessions what I could offer you. You may be seeking counselling due to a life change such as a loss of a loved one or a job, or perhaps you feel at a crossroads with life or experiencing challenges in a relationship. Perhaps you’re feeling low and you don't know why or are finding it hard to find the words to explain how you feel? What you do know is that you're seeking support to figure things out, that's why you're here!
Hi, I’m Nicky. I understand looking to begin counselling can bring up all sorts of feelings, from overwhelm to curiousity. I hope the information below paints a picture of what to expect when coming along to sessions what I could offer you. You may be seeking counselling due to a life change such as a loss of a loved one or a job, or perhaps you feel at a crossroads with life or experiencing challenges in a relationship. Perhaps you’re feeling low and you don't know why or are finding it hard to find the words to explain how you feel? What you do know is that you're seeking support to figure things out, that's why you're here!
01924 943368 View 01924 943368
Photo of Grace Busuttil - Grace Finch Counselling, Counsellor, BACP
Grace Finch Counselling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS27
Hi I'm Grace, a qualified and registered Counsellor. I offer one-to-one and couples counselling to adults. If you're here, chances are you're looking for help...You may be struggling with a personal issue and feeling that something has to change. You might be feeling anxious and alone with your problem and wondering if anyone will understand. Maybe a recent loss or life change has left you feeling like you cannot cope. Or perhaps experiences from your past are affecting your ability to live your life fully today.
Hi I'm Grace, a qualified and registered Counsellor. I offer one-to-one and couples counselling to adults. If you're here, chances are you're looking for help...You may be struggling with a personal issue and feeling that something has to change. You might be feeling anxious and alone with your problem and wondering if anyone will understand. Maybe a recent loss or life change has left you feeling like you cannot cope. Or perhaps experiences from your past are affecting your ability to live your life fully today.
0113 519 0628 View 0113 519 0628
Photo of Sarah Smith, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Sarah Smith
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Hi, I’m Sarah. I am an accredited psychotherapist (BACP) with ten years of experience as a therapist, supporting people of different ages and backgrounds in various settings. I have worked with stress, anxiety, trauma, loss, change, identity, belonging, self-confidence and relationship issues. I offer a confidential, non judgemental space to work through issues, to help you understand yourself more deeply and create meaningful change.
Hi, I’m Sarah. I am an accredited psychotherapist (BACP) with ten years of experience as a therapist, supporting people of different ages and backgrounds in various settings. I have worked with stress, anxiety, trauma, loss, change, identity, belonging, self-confidence and relationship issues. I offer a confidential, non judgemental space to work through issues, to help you understand yourself more deeply and create meaningful change.
0191 743 3588 View 0191 743 3588
Photo of Steph Bentley, Counsellor, MBACP
Steph Bentley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Pudsey LS28
I provide counselling to adults age 18 and over – any gender, cultural background or sexual orientation. Some of the themes I have worked with are: domestic abuse, bereavement, divorce / separation, family and unhealthy relationships, neurodiversity, difficult childhood experiences, CPTSD and trauma, low self-worth, anxiety and depression. If you are reading this, I suspect you are having a bit of a tough time at the moment. I want you to know that I am here to listen to your experiences and to try and understand you. Whatever it is, I am here to go on this journey with you and provide a safe non-judgmental space.
I provide counselling to adults age 18 and over – any gender, cultural background or sexual orientation. Some of the themes I have worked with are: domestic abuse, bereavement, divorce / separation, family and unhealthy relationships, neurodiversity, difficult childhood experiences, CPTSD and trauma, low self-worth, anxiety and depression. If you are reading this, I suspect you are having a bit of a tough time at the moment. I want you to know that I am here to listen to your experiences and to try and understand you. Whatever it is, I am here to go on this journey with you and provide a safe non-judgmental space.
0113 519 5858 View 0113 519 5858
Photo of Paulina Szot, Counsellor, MBACP
Paulina Szot
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
What if the part of you that feels lost or overwhelmed isn't broken, but just needs to be heard? Hi, my name is Paulina, I'm an integrative counsellor and I wonder when was the last time you truly felt heard? Maybe you've been holding onto things you've never spoken about and the weight of it is starting to feel too heavy. Or perhaps you just need a space to make sense of it all. Imagine stepping into a warm, caring environment where you can talk about your life without fear of judgment.
What if the part of you that feels lost or overwhelmed isn't broken, but just needs to be heard? Hi, my name is Paulina, I'm an integrative counsellor and I wonder when was the last time you truly felt heard? Maybe you've been holding onto things you've never spoken about and the weight of it is starting to feel too heavy. Or perhaps you just need a space to make sense of it all. Imagine stepping into a warm, caring environment where you can talk about your life without fear of judgment.
01566 708694 View 01566 708694
Photo of Nadia El Aouad - TherapywithNadia, Counsellor, MBACP
TherapywithNadia
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Leeds LS17
I believe seeking therapy is reaching for oneself when things don’t feel right. It’s an act of self-care and compassion and never a sign of weakness. So first of all give yourself credit for taking that step. Sometimes we may know what is causing us to feel the way we are. It may be a change in circumstances, in a relationship or relationships, loss, money worries, health issues, difficult past experiences or any other life events that shake us off our balance. These issues can make us feel sad, depressed, anxious, angry, or confused. All these feelings can be explored and made sense of in the therapy space .
I believe seeking therapy is reaching for oneself when things don’t feel right. It’s an act of self-care and compassion and never a sign of weakness. So first of all give yourself credit for taking that step. Sometimes we may know what is causing us to feel the way we are. It may be a change in circumstances, in a relationship or relationships, loss, money worries, health issues, difficult past experiences or any other life events that shake us off our balance. These issues can make us feel sad, depressed, anxious, angry, or confused. All these feelings can be explored and made sense of in the therapy space .
01484 627759 View 01484 627759
Photo of Becky Barley, Counsellor, MBACP
Becky Barley
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
We all experience different challenges at different times throughout our lives. This can be overwhelming and sometimes hard to process alone. Counselling is a safe place to explore life events and the emotions, thoughts and behaviour they bring with them, in a non-judgmental and confidential environment. Together we can unearth the way you want to think, feel or act; your future goal, and as a team we can work towards achieving autonomy. Through the supportive and empathic working space I provide, on a one to one basis, we can address issues past and present and uncover useful coping mechanisms to embrace challenges old and new.
We all experience different challenges at different times throughout our lives. This can be overwhelming and sometimes hard to process alone. Counselling is a safe place to explore life events and the emotions, thoughts and behaviour they bring with them, in a non-judgmental and confidential environment. Together we can unearth the way you want to think, feel or act; your future goal, and as a team we can work towards achieving autonomy. Through the supportive and empathic working space I provide, on a one to one basis, we can address issues past and present and uncover useful coping mechanisms to embrace challenges old and new.
01902 943746 View 01902 943746
Photo of Inga Piotrowska, Counsellor, MRes
Inga Piotrowska
Counsellor, MRes
Verified Verified
Serves Area
There is hope even if your brain tells you there isn't, and it is my job as a counsellor to help you see it. It is usually buried somewhere under layers of shame, self-criticism and feeling not good enough. We will work together to help you feel a deeper sense of fulfilment and control over your life. With the right support and tools, you can overcome challenges and lead a more balanced and satisfying life, even if now it seems impossible.
There is hope even if your brain tells you there isn't, and it is my job as a counsellor to help you see it. It is usually buried somewhere under layers of shame, self-criticism and feeling not good enough. We will work together to help you feel a deeper sense of fulfilment and control over your life. With the right support and tools, you can overcome challenges and lead a more balanced and satisfying life, even if now it seems impossible.
0161 524 5311 View 0161 524 5311
Photo of Agnieszka Grzelinska - Aga Grzelinska , Psychotherapist, MBACP
Aga Grzelinska
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
York YO31
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist registered with the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) Specialist Mentor undertaking regular clinical supervision. I draw from a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches to create a personalized, flexible, and compassionate treatment plan tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, work stress, relationship challenges, or simply wanting to get to know yourself better, therapy can offer the tools and insights to expand your self-awareness and help you find a better place.
I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist registered with the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) Specialist Mentor undertaking regular clinical supervision. I draw from a range of evidence-based therapeutic approaches to create a personalized, flexible, and compassionate treatment plan tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, work stress, relationship challenges, or simply wanting to get to know yourself better, therapy can offer the tools and insights to expand your self-awareness and help you find a better place.
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How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bramham

< 10

Counsellors in Bramham who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Addiction
100% Domestic Abuse
100% Eating Disorders
100% Geriatric and Seniors

Average years in practice

21 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% Other
100% Aviva

How Counsellors in Bramham see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

100% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bramham?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.