Counselling in Bishop Auckland

Photo of Becky Simpson-Ryan - Bishop Auckland Counselling and Psychotherapy , Psychotherapist, MBACP
Bishop Auckland Counselling and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Humanistic Integrative therapist, which means my "eclectic" style of therapy is adaptable to the individual. The integrative approach views the client as a whole and considers many different therapy styles and approaches to find what works for the individual, and appeals most to their personality and attachment style. I view my clients as people, not jargon, and an advocate for personal autonomy. I use many techniques but specialise in Transactional Analysis.
I am a Humanistic Integrative therapist, which means my "eclectic" style of therapy is adaptable to the individual. The integrative approach views the client as a whole and considers many different therapy styles and approaches to find what works for the individual, and appeals most to their personality and attachment style. I view my clients as people, not jargon, and an advocate for personal autonomy. I use many techniques but specialise in Transactional Analysis.
01388 311273 View 01388 311273
Photo of Eileen Moss, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Eileen Moss
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Are you feeling stressed? Anxious? Suffering the loss of a loved one? I offer you a safe, confidential place to explore your present situation, listening with understanding and without judgement. As an integrative counsellor, I have a wide variety of approaches to suit the needs of the individual. I counsel adults, young people and children through Microsoft Teams or Psychology Today, with home visits available locally. Counselling is an opportunity to understand what is going on for you in your life and to explore a way forward. I am also a Supervisor offering very competitive rates with further reductions to students.
Are you feeling stressed? Anxious? Suffering the loss of a loved one? I offer you a safe, confidential place to explore your present situation, listening with understanding and without judgement. As an integrative counsellor, I have a wide variety of approaches to suit the needs of the individual. I counsel adults, young people and children through Microsoft Teams or Psychology Today, with home visits available locally. Counselling is an opportunity to understand what is going on for you in your life and to explore a way forward. I am also a Supervisor offering very competitive rates with further reductions to students.
01684 217891 View 01684 217891
Photo of Dan Blackman - Durham & Dales Clinical Psychology, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Durham & Dales Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Are you looking for a professional who can safely and effectively respond to the emotional problems affecting you or someone you care about? As a Clinical Psychologist specialising in adult mental health I am trained to doctorate level, regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council, and registered with the British Psychological Society. I have a particular interest in working with complex and/ or longstanding difficulties. Therefore, if you wish to think in-depth about your emotional life, or if you have already tried a practical problem solving approach that felt like it was not what you really needed, I may be able to help.
Are you looking for a professional who can safely and effectively respond to the emotional problems affecting you or someone you care about? As a Clinical Psychologist specialising in adult mental health I am trained to doctorate level, regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council, and registered with the British Psychological Society. I have a particular interest in working with complex and/ or longstanding difficulties. Therefore, if you wish to think in-depth about your emotional life, or if you have already tried a practical problem solving approach that felt like it was not what you really needed, I may be able to help.
01388 439765 View 01388 439765
Photo of Lisa Moorhouse, Counsellor, BACP
Lisa Moorhouse
Counsellor, BACP
1 Endorsed
Hi, I am a qualified counsellor and ultimately I would like to provide a safe and non judgemental place for you to explore any difficulties you may be experiencing. My passion is to help people build resilience and to thrive and develop coping strategies to manage their presenting issues.
Hi, I am a qualified counsellor and ultimately I would like to provide a safe and non judgemental place for you to explore any difficulties you may be experiencing. My passion is to help people build resilience and to thrive and develop coping strategies to manage their presenting issues.
01388 217402 View 01388 217402
Photo of Sarah Smallwood, Counsellor, BACP
Sarah Smallwood
Counsellor, BACP
Sometimes, life brings us to a point where we could all do with a little extra support. If you are in search of a safe and confidential space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and life experiences, I am here. My aim is to help you feel understood, strengthen your capacity for self-exploration and growth, and build the practical tools you need for meaningful change. If you’re reading this and thinking: “Could I benefit from therapy right now?” you’re already taking the first step. My name is Sarah, I am an integrative therapist, an Individual Member of the BACP and Accredited Registrant Member of the NCPS.
Sometimes, life brings us to a point where we could all do with a little extra support. If you are in search of a safe and confidential space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and life experiences, I am here. My aim is to help you feel understood, strengthen your capacity for self-exploration and growth, and build the practical tools you need for meaningful change. If you’re reading this and thinking: “Could I benefit from therapy right now?” you’re already taking the first step. My name is Sarah, I am an integrative therapist, an Individual Member of the BACP and Accredited Registrant Member of the NCPS.
01388 217299 View 01388 217299
Photo of Amanda Fox, Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Amanda Fox
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
1 Endorsed
Hiya, I'm Amanda a therapist dedicated to empowering adults on their path to recovery from trauma. If you've landed here, you may have frequent anxiety, depression, complex emotions, or challenges in your relationships. Traumatic events and abusive relationships at any age can effect your identity and leave you feeling stuck in the past. If life feels like it keeps repeating the same cycles, it may be time for change.
Hiya, I'm Amanda a therapist dedicated to empowering adults on their path to recovery from trauma. If you've landed here, you may have frequent anxiety, depression, complex emotions, or challenges in your relationships. Traumatic events and abusive relationships at any age can effect your identity and leave you feeling stuck in the past. If life feels like it keeps repeating the same cycles, it may be time for change.
01388 311147 View 01388 311147
Photo of Victor John Payne, Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Victor John Payne
Psychologist, PhD, CPsychol
Online Only
I try to create a safe, comfortable environment to help people with mental health issues.. I have experience of helping people with, trauma effects, borderline personality disorder, dissociation, depression, anxiety and relationship difficulties.
I try to create a safe, comfortable environment to help people with mental health issues.. I have experience of helping people with, trauma effects, borderline personality disorder, dissociation, depression, anxiety and relationship difficulties.
01792 739724 View 01792 739724
Photo of Deborah Williamson - At One Relationship Therapy , Counsellor, MBACP
At One Relationship Therapy
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
Having problems in your relationship with your partner? Are you having the same old argument that never gets resolved? Or have you given up the fight? Perhaps you don’t get into arguments and take on the role of peacemaker and are wondering why you’re not enjoying the harmony you strive for? Or are you suffering from recent or historical betrayal and finding it impossible to move on? If any of these situations speak to you and you are ready to work on change then I would love to help you develop a more fulfilling relationship.
Having problems in your relationship with your partner? Are you having the same old argument that never gets resolved? Or have you given up the fight? Perhaps you don’t get into arguments and take on the role of peacemaker and are wondering why you’re not enjoying the harmony you strive for? Or are you suffering from recent or historical betrayal and finding it impossible to move on? If any of these situations speak to you and you are ready to work on change then I would love to help you develop a more fulfilling relationship.
01325 808148 View 01325 808148
Photo of Sue Smith, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Sue Smith
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for checking out my profile. I work mainly with adults and have lengthy experience across a range of issues. Many clients believe that there is something wrong with them or that they are somehow to blame for their circumstances. Most people have more than one issue to work on as often many issues have built up before help is accessed. When clients first engage in counselling they may not be sure what their needs are or what goals they may have, they simply want to feel better. The first step on this journey is to identify the issues that impact negatively and work on them in order to enable further steps forward.
Thank you for checking out my profile. I work mainly with adults and have lengthy experience across a range of issues. Many clients believe that there is something wrong with them or that they are somehow to blame for their circumstances. Most people have more than one issue to work on as often many issues have built up before help is accessed. When clients first engage in counselling they may not be sure what their needs are or what goals they may have, they simply want to feel better. The first step on this journey is to identify the issues that impact negatively and work on them in order to enable further steps forward.
01388 436761 View 01388 436761
Photo of Leigh Brannon, Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Leigh Brannon
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
When relationships (business, family or personal) are troubled, we can feel anxious or depressed. Whether its lack of, ending of, difficulties with or changes in relationships, at work or home, our need for human closeness both brings pleasure and causes problems. Maybe change is driven by others, maybe you need something to change but don't know the best way to go about it. Perhaps you’re finding that you’re stuck in a destructive communication pattern and feel like you’re going round in circles. Maybe you don’t really know what you want, but would like to find out. I can help.
When relationships (business, family or personal) are troubled, we can feel anxious or depressed. Whether its lack of, ending of, difficulties with or changes in relationships, at work or home, our need for human closeness both brings pleasure and causes problems. Maybe change is driven by others, maybe you need something to change but don't know the best way to go about it. Perhaps you’re finding that you’re stuck in a destructive communication pattern and feel like you’re going round in circles. Maybe you don’t really know what you want, but would like to find out. I can help.
0191 743 0339 View 0191 743 0339
Photo of Caroline Harvey, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Caroline Harvey
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Serves Area
I am a BPC registered Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist and HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with a private practice in Darlington, providing Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy to adults in the North East of England. I have helped many people, both in private practice and the NHS, overcome problems including those related to anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, relationships, stress, low self-esteem, loss, life transitions, or medically unexplained symptoms. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy can also be effective when you are experiencing a more general sense of dissatisfaction in life, helping you work towards greater fulfilment.
I am a BPC registered Psychoanalytic Psychotherapist and HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist with a private practice in Darlington, providing Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy to adults in the North East of England. I have helped many people, both in private practice and the NHS, overcome problems including those related to anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, relationships, stress, low self-esteem, loss, life transitions, or medically unexplained symptoms. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy can also be effective when you are experiencing a more general sense of dissatisfaction in life, helping you work towards greater fulfilment.
01325 808146 View 01325 808146

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr Mariam Majid - Psychology Newcastle - Dr Mariam Majid , Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Psychology Newcastle - Dr Mariam Majid
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Thank you for visiting my profile. My name is Mariam and I am a registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of experience working with adults with mental health problems. I am also trained in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) both of which are evidence based psychological approaches to treat a wide range of emotional, behavioural and psychological difficulties including anxiety, depression, complex trauma, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), adjustment difficulties, self esteem etc. I also work with couples.
Thank you for visiting my profile. My name is Mariam and I am a registered Clinical Psychologist with over 15 years of experience working with adults with mental health problems. I am also trained in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) both of which are evidence based psychological approaches to treat a wide range of emotional, behavioural and psychological difficulties including anxiety, depression, complex trauma, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), adjustment difficulties, self esteem etc. I also work with couples.
019467 60712 View 019467 60712
Photo of Steffi Neubauer - Relationships In Focus , Counsellor, GMBPsS
Are you a couple, finding yourselves in an endless cycle of arguments or uncomfortable silences? Is your relationship struggling to trust after infidelity, suffering from intimacy concerns, or feeling disconnected? Are you in need of experienced and effective therapeutic support to navigate challenges such as parenting conflicts, financial stress, and life transitions? You are not alone! My compassionate, integrative approach provides a roadmap to lasting change through understanding—not blame. Take the first step toward a stronger future together: schedule your free initial consultation today.
Are you a couple, finding yourselves in an endless cycle of arguments or uncomfortable silences? Is your relationship struggling to trust after infidelity, suffering from intimacy concerns, or feeling disconnected? Are you in need of experienced and effective therapeutic support to navigate challenges such as parenting conflicts, financial stress, and life transitions? You are not alone! My compassionate, integrative approach provides a roadmap to lasting change through understanding—not blame. Take the first step toward a stronger future together: schedule your free initial consultation today.
01642 056303 View 01642 056303
Photo of Deborah Akkurt - Durham City Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Durham City Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Durham DH7
Hi my name is Debs and welcome to Durham City Counselling Services. I am a person centred counsellor, registered with the BACP. I have many years of experience working with adults and children on a variety of issues. I have experience of working with Autism, ADHD, anxiety, self-harm, depression, relationship issues amongst many more. If you are struggling with your mental health i can help you explore these issues within a safe, caring, accepting and non-judgemental way.
Hi my name is Debs and welcome to Durham City Counselling Services. I am a person centred counsellor, registered with the BACP. I have many years of experience working with adults and children on a variety of issues. I have experience of working with Autism, ADHD, anxiety, self-harm, depression, relationship issues amongst many more. If you are struggling with your mental health i can help you explore these issues within a safe, caring, accepting and non-judgemental way.
0191 743 4248 View 0191 743 4248
Photo of Julie Ann Taksh - Durham Gate Therapy - CBT, Counselling & EMDR, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Snr. Accred
Durham Gate Therapy - CBT, Counselling & EMDR
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Snr. Accred
Durham DH1
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to my profile. I am a compassionate and highly experienced Senior Accredited Counsellor, Clinical Supervisor, EMDR Consultant, Accredited Cognitive Behaviour Therapist (CBT) and Interpersonal Psychotherapist. In addition to my qualifications I have over 27 years’ experience, which has given me the diverse skills required to work with a wide range of psychological issues. I now specialise in working with adults and and teenagers. I have a particular interest in working with Trauma/PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Panic, OCD, Worry, Stress, Work Related Issues and Bereavement. I also offer Clinical Supervision to professionals.
Welcome to my profile. I am a compassionate and highly experienced Senior Accredited Counsellor, Clinical Supervisor, EMDR Consultant, Accredited Cognitive Behaviour Therapist (CBT) and Interpersonal Psychotherapist. In addition to my qualifications I have over 27 years’ experience, which has given me the diverse skills required to work with a wide range of psychological issues. I now specialise in working with adults and and teenagers. I have a particular interest in working with Trauma/PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, Panic, OCD, Worry, Stress, Work Related Issues and Bereavement. I also offer Clinical Supervision to professionals.
0191 743 3563 View 0191 743 3563
Photo of Joanna Moseley, Counsellor, MBACP
Joanna Moseley
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel sad, lost, weighed down by past events? Has lockdown had a lasting emotional impact? Are you troubled by childhood trauma? Or a loss which prevents you living fully in the present? Are you experiencing bullying or abuse at home or at work? Do you feel called to explore the spiritual or intuitive parts of yourself? As an experienced person centred counsellor I can offer you the opportunity to explore these and other issues within a safe therapeutic relationship. I know that starting counselling can feel daunting and take real courage. I am a gentle, empathic and sensitive practitioner and will help you feel at ease.
Do you feel sad, lost, weighed down by past events? Has lockdown had a lasting emotional impact? Are you troubled by childhood trauma? Or a loss which prevents you living fully in the present? Are you experiencing bullying or abuse at home or at work? Do you feel called to explore the spiritual or intuitive parts of yourself? As an experienced person centred counsellor I can offer you the opportunity to explore these and other issues within a safe therapeutic relationship. I know that starting counselling can feel daunting and take real courage. I am a gentle, empathic and sensitive practitioner and will help you feel at ease.
0191 743 3192 View 0191 743 3192
Photo of Catherine Hurley - Empower Neurodiversity , Occupational Therapist
Empower Neurodiversity
Occupational Therapist
Online Only
I provide online tailored support for individuals over 18 with diverse neurological profiles, including autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental differences. I also support people experiencing mental health difficulties, such as anxiety. You don't need a formal diagnosis to work with me. As an Occupational therapist I am interested in working with your challenges, identifying your strengths and supporting your ability to engage in activities of daily living and explore what is meaningful to you as an individual. I focus on helping individuals enhance their daily living skills, and navigate work and educational settings.
I provide online tailored support for individuals over 18 with diverse neurological profiles, including autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental differences. I also support people experiencing mental health difficulties, such as anxiety. You don't need a formal diagnosis to work with me. As an Occupational therapist I am interested in working with your challenges, identifying your strengths and supporting your ability to engage in activities of daily living and explore what is meaningful to you as an individual. I focus on helping individuals enhance their daily living skills, and navigate work and educational settings.
0191 743 7071 View 0191 743 7071
Photo of Amanda Alexander, Psychotherapist, MSc
Amanda Alexander
Psychotherapist, MSc
Serves Area
You might look like you’re doing fine on the outside, keeping everything together and showing up for everyone else, but inside it doesn’t feel that way. You can see the logic of what would help, but following through feels impossible. One part of you wants change and another part holds you back. You’re tired of the push and pull, the overthinking, the self-criticism, and the constant pressure to “just get on with it.” My approach focuses on helping you understand that inner conflict and build a kinder, steadier relationship with yourself.
You might look like you’re doing fine on the outside, keeping everything together and showing up for everyone else, but inside it doesn’t feel that way. You can see the logic of what would help, but following through feels impossible. One part of you wants change and another part holds you back. You’re tired of the push and pull, the overthinking, the self-criticism, and the constant pressure to “just get on with it.” My approach focuses on helping you understand that inner conflict and build a kinder, steadier relationship with yourself.
0141 673 2048 View 0141 673 2048
Photo of Tracy Walker - Just Be Counselling Service, Counsellor, MBACP
Hello, thank you for viewing my profile. I am a counsellor and I work with a range of issues: anxiety, depression, OCD, grief and bereavement, addiction, stress, relationship issues. Together we will address what brings you to therapy and what you would like to achieve from therapy before collaborating a formulation and treatment plan with a view to achieving your goals.
Hello, thank you for viewing my profile. I am a counsellor and I work with a range of issues: anxiety, depression, OCD, grief and bereavement, addiction, stress, relationship issues. Together we will address what brings you to therapy and what you would like to achieve from therapy before collaborating a formulation and treatment plan with a view to achieving your goals.
01642 130039 View 01642 130039
Photo of Bettina McKinnon, Counsellor, MBACP
Bettina McKinnon
Counsellor, MBACP
Do you need a safe and calm space to talk openly about what’s been on your mind—whether it’s emotional challenges, relationship, or family issues, or simply feeling stuck? I’m here to help you make sense of your thoughts and feelings. Together, we can gently uncover the root of your emotions and building a path toward healing. As an Integrative Counsellor, my approach is grounded in the Person-Centred model, while also drawing on CBT and mindfulness techniques to support your unique needs. I believe therapy should be tailored to you—your pace, your goals, and your story.
Do you need a safe and calm space to talk openly about what’s been on your mind—whether it’s emotional challenges, relationship, or family issues, or simply feeling stuck? I’m here to help you make sense of your thoughts and feelings. Together, we can gently uncover the root of your emotions and building a path toward healing. As an Integrative Counsellor, my approach is grounded in the Person-Centred model, while also drawing on CBT and mindfulness techniques to support your unique needs. I believe therapy should be tailored to you—your pace, your goals, and your story.
0191 743 6742 View 0191 743 6742

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Bishop Auckland

10+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Bishop Auckland who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
91% Depression
91% Anxiety
91% Self Esteem
82% Sexual Abuse
82% Stress
73% Domestic Abuse

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% WPA
50% Any/Out-of-network Insurance
50% Aviva

How Counsellors in Bishop Auckland see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Bishop Auckland?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.