Counselling in Liverpool

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Photo of Stephen Garvey, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Stephen Garvey
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Liverpool L37
There are times when for everyone life can become overwhelming. You may feel depressed, stressed or anxious, unable to sleep, or have a sense of being stuck or lost, a feeling that life isn’t working out how you wanted it to, but you don’t know what to do about it. There may be particular current events which are troubling such as being being bullied at work or in an abusive relationship. You may have had a childhood in which you suffered abuse, or a childhood that was unremarkable in that there was no obvious abuse, but it left a lasting sense that something was wrong. Whatever challenges you are facing, I can help and support.
There are times when for everyone life can become overwhelming. You may feel depressed, stressed or anxious, unable to sleep, or have a sense of being stuck or lost, a feeling that life isn’t working out how you wanted it to, but you don’t know what to do about it. There may be particular current events which are troubling such as being being bullied at work or in an abusive relationship. You may have had a childhood in which you suffered abuse, or a childhood that was unremarkable in that there was no obvious abuse, but it left a lasting sense that something was wrong. Whatever challenges you are facing, I can help and support.
0151 453 4360 View 0151 453 4360
Photo of 'Mulika' Counselling, Training & Supervision Svcs, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
'Mulika' Counselling, Training & Supervision Svcs
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L1
I am a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist with many years of experience working with people who have diverse needs, and from diverse cultural backgrounds. I posses high degree of empathy, compassion, understanding and creativity as well as cultural competences. This enhances my excellent knowledge of the principles of all counselling approaches that I subscribe to. I have proven track record of effective therapeutic outcomes with clients I have worked with in different settings. I have a strong sense of integrity when dealing with clients, a commitment to keeping information confidential when necessary in accordance with the BACP Ethical Framework.
I am a qualified Integrative Counsellor and Psychotherapist with many years of experience working with people who have diverse needs, and from diverse cultural backgrounds. I posses high degree of empathy, compassion, understanding and creativity as well as cultural competences. This enhances my excellent knowledge of the principles of all counselling approaches that I subscribe to. I have proven track record of effective therapeutic outcomes with clients I have worked with in different settings. I have a strong sense of integrity when dealing with clients, a commitment to keeping information confidential when necessary in accordance with the BACP Ethical Framework.
07523 353909 View 07523 353909
Photo of Harriet Rye, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Harriet Rye
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L17
Hello. I am a person-centred counsellor, working face to face and virtually, in south Liverpool. I work with adults and young people, on a short and long-term basis. My past clients have brought feelings around anxiety, depression and low mood, self-harm, bereavement, and turmoil around currently feelings, as well as the processing of feelings around past events.
Hello. I am a person-centred counsellor, working face to face and virtually, in south Liverpool. I work with adults and young people, on a short and long-term basis. My past clients have brought feelings around anxiety, depression and low mood, self-harm, bereavement, and turmoil around currently feelings, as well as the processing of feelings around past events.
01923 961902 View 01923 961902
Photo of Paula Caffrey, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Paula Caffrey
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Liverpool L32  (Online Only)
My name is Paula and I am a fully qualified counsellor trained and experienced in Person-Centred Counselling, Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. I am compassion focused, open minded and down to earth. I believe we all have an innate wisdom within and the capacity to heal from any of life's trauma's given the right environment and a strong therapeutic alliance. As we are all different I  tailor my approach to the unique needs and individuality of each client, meaning I work in a very authentic and non-prescriptive way.
My name is Paula and I am a fully qualified counsellor trained and experienced in Person-Centred Counselling, Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. I am compassion focused, open minded and down to earth. I believe we all have an innate wisdom within and the capacity to heal from any of life's trauma's given the right environment and a strong therapeutic alliance. As we are all different I  tailor my approach to the unique needs and individuality of each client, meaning I work in a very authentic and non-prescriptive way.
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Photo of Mohammad Midan-Shahi, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Mohammad Midan-Shahi
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L7
fight or flight? I am offering you (youth and adults) no judgement and assumption, if you need to talk of anxiety, abuse, lose of self, lowself-esteem or you dont know of your character, there are times in our life that we need to confined-in because we are human being, so using life experiences and knowledges of sophisticated people whom they spent their life to take the knowledge and give it to others for a better life, and what ever is concerning you or to whom it may concern.
fight or flight? I am offering you (youth and adults) no judgement and assumption, if you need to talk of anxiety, abuse, lose of self, lowself-esteem or you dont know of your character, there are times in our life that we need to confined-in because we are human being, so using life experiences and knowledges of sophisticated people whom they spent their life to take the knowledge and give it to others for a better life, and what ever is concerning you or to whom it may concern.
0151 329 2736 View 0151 329 2736
Photo of Stephen McLaughlin, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Stephen McLaughlin
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L15
I support clients struggling with anxiety, anger, trauma, overwhelm, and difficulty feeling and expressing emotions. I have experience working with suicidal ideation. You may feel stuck or alone, struggling to make sense of your own thoughts or feelings, to recover from past experiences, or how to feel okay in the here and now. I am interested in the stories that we tell ourselves, and how those stories help or hinder us as we navigate through life. I will work with you to better understand your story so that you can make real changes in your life, in your relationships with others, and in your relationship with yourself.
I support clients struggling with anxiety, anger, trauma, overwhelm, and difficulty feeling and expressing emotions. I have experience working with suicidal ideation. You may feel stuck or alone, struggling to make sense of your own thoughts or feelings, to recover from past experiences, or how to feel okay in the here and now. I am interested in the stories that we tell ourselves, and how those stories help or hinder us as we navigate through life. I will work with you to better understand your story so that you can make real changes in your life, in your relationships with others, and in your relationship with yourself.
01923 961664 View 01923 961664
Photo of Equilibrium Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Liverpool, England
Equilibrium Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Verified Verified
Liverpool L2
I am a Registered Mental Health Nurse with 30 years experience and trained as a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, completing my Postgraduate Diploma in CBT at The University of Salford. I am particularly experienced and skilled in working with people suffering from anxiety, depression and trauma related problems. Additionally i have spcific experience of helping adults with ADHD who need help to manage symptoms such as problems with organisation, time management, organisation, planning and anger management.
I am a Registered Mental Health Nurse with 30 years experience and trained as a Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, completing my Postgraduate Diploma in CBT at The University of Salford. I am particularly experienced and skilled in working with people suffering from anxiety, depression and trauma related problems. Additionally i have spcific experience of helping adults with ADHD who need help to manage symptoms such as problems with organisation, time management, organisation, planning and anger management.
0151 318 0852 View 0151 318 0852
Photo of charles bradshaw, Psychotherapist in Liverpool, England
charles bradshaw
Psychotherapist, PsychD, BACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L9
My practice as a therapist covers Person centred counseling and CBT. PCC helps you to look at how your feeling, may impact on your day today experiences. CBT helps you to track your thoughts, emotions and behaviours. Both models help you to gain control and learn new skills to reinforce change. They Futher help you to set goals and with the help of mindfulness, helps you to forge new pathways. Mindfulness helps you to make changes in the present moment, addiction, phobias, anxiety and depression, OCD. Therapy is always about what you would like to change in the future. PCC and CBT help you to see your new change and what fits.
My practice as a therapist covers Person centred counseling and CBT. PCC helps you to look at how your feeling, may impact on your day today experiences. CBT helps you to track your thoughts, emotions and behaviours. Both models help you to gain control and learn new skills to reinforce change. They Futher help you to set goals and with the help of mindfulness, helps you to forge new pathways. Mindfulness helps you to make changes in the present moment, addiction, phobias, anxiety and depression, OCD. Therapy is always about what you would like to change in the future. PCC and CBT help you to see your new change and what fits.
0161 524 6746 View 0161 524 6746
Photo of Carol McGrath, Psychotherapist in Liverpool, England
Carol McGrath
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L18
Not accepting new clients
I work with Current and Ex Emergency Services staff. I am ex Emergency Services. I am a very experienced Psychotherapist and have helped a vast amount of Emergency Services clients over the years. Are you stressed with Protocols, Procedures, Pressure? Time restraints? Lack of staff? Therapy is about listening to your needs, issues and your goals for therapy. Maybe you don't know what to deal with because you are so overwhelmed and exhausted with numerous issues. Or you may know what you want but you are too embarrassed to seek help. I can help you focus on the most important issue, which will start you on your road to recovery.
I work with Current and Ex Emergency Services staff. I am ex Emergency Services. I am a very experienced Psychotherapist and have helped a vast amount of Emergency Services clients over the years. Are you stressed with Protocols, Procedures, Pressure? Time restraints? Lack of staff? Therapy is about listening to your needs, issues and your goals for therapy. Maybe you don't know what to deal with because you are so overwhelmed and exhausted with numerous issues. Or you may know what you want but you are too embarrassed to seek help. I can help you focus on the most important issue, which will start you on your road to recovery.
01923 961983 View 01923 961983
Photo of Sharon Beirne, Psychotherapist in Liverpool, England
Sharon Beirne
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L15
I offer brief & longer-term therapy to individuals & couples in a safe & comfortable space. My therapeutic orientation & training is in Gestalt psychotherapy, where attention is given to mind, body, thoughts, feelings, what is in awareness, what is clouded from awareness & to interrelational functioning patterns. I have over 20 years experience of working in private practice, with people who struggle with low self-esteem; confidence issues; anxiety; depression; stress; relationship difficulties; loss; issues relating to sexuality, sexual orientation & gender diversity; effects of racism & white privilege; & various types of trauma.
I offer brief & longer-term therapy to individuals & couples in a safe & comfortable space. My therapeutic orientation & training is in Gestalt psychotherapy, where attention is given to mind, body, thoughts, feelings, what is in awareness, what is clouded from awareness & to interrelational functioning patterns. I have over 20 years experience of working in private practice, with people who struggle with low self-esteem; confidence issues; anxiety; depression; stress; relationship difficulties; loss; issues relating to sexuality, sexual orientation & gender diversity; effects of racism & white privilege; & various types of trauma.
0161 524 7436 View 0161 524 7436
Photo of Dr Anthony McSherry, Psychotherapist in Liverpool, England
Dr Anthony McSherry
Psychotherapist, PhD, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L24
Problems often do not fit into easy categories as each person has their own individual history and way of being, and so difficulties emerge in a unique way to the individual. For example, depression or anxiety might be completely normal reactions to a difficult situation. Anxious about contacting me? I would encourage you not to be too anxious about making contact regarding psychotherapy. Feeling anxious is a normal aspect of therapy, especially at first.
Problems often do not fit into easy categories as each person has their own individual history and way of being, and so difficulties emerge in a unique way to the individual. For example, depression or anxiety might be completely normal reactions to a difficult situation. Anxious about contacting me? I would encourage you not to be too anxious about making contact regarding psychotherapy. Feeling anxious is a normal aspect of therapy, especially at first.
0151 453 6294 View 0151 453 6294
Photo of Cass Therapy, Psychotherapist in Liverpool, England
Cass Therapy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Liverpool L1
Specifically worked in areas supporting people in crisis, addiction and working with family’s support. Helping individuals gain an understanding of them selves to regain control, manageability and find stability. Helping you find your own path in life and support you finding your way out of the uncomfortable situations that may have arisen. Therapy can help in many areas of your life. In our session we will explore you to help find suitable solutions
Specifically worked in areas supporting people in crisis, addiction and working with family’s support. Helping individuals gain an understanding of them selves to regain control, manageability and find stability. Helping you find your own path in life and support you finding your way out of the uncomfortable situations that may have arisen. Therapy can help in many areas of your life. In our session we will explore you to help find suitable solutions
01767 669814 View 01767 669814
Photo of Monika Baran, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Monika Baran
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L2
Not accepting new clients
I believe people have the potential to self-heal and grow, to develop and change when the right support and environment is offered to them. This enables people to trust their feelings and be less reliant on the judgement of others.
I believe people have the potential to self-heal and grow, to develop and change when the right support and environment is offered to them. This enables people to trust their feelings and be less reliant on the judgement of others.
0151 453 0212 View 0151 453 0212
Photo of Brian Jones, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Brian Jones
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Liverpool L31
HI my name is Brian I am an integrative Counsellor based in Maghull, Liverpool. As a counsellor I support individuals to develop and grow whilst providing clients with a safe, relaxed and confidential space in which they can explore present or past issues. I offer a professional warm confidential counselling service to Adults, Young people and Children. on an individual basis or couples/families. "When you can't look on the bright side, I will sit with you in the dark"
HI my name is Brian I am an integrative Counsellor based in Maghull, Liverpool. As a counsellor I support individuals to develop and grow whilst providing clients with a safe, relaxed and confidential space in which they can explore present or past issues. I offer a professional warm confidential counselling service to Adults, Young people and Children. on an individual basis or couples/families. "When you can't look on the bright side, I will sit with you in the dark"
0151 317 5021 View 0151 317 5021
Photo of Andrew Stafford, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Andrew Stafford
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L1
Free initial consultation session. I offer person centred counselling sessions at my premises on Rodney Street in Liverpool City Centre and also in Aigburth. As you're reading this post it maybe that you're considering taking some action to make some changes for yourself. I understand how difficult a decision it can be to show vulnerability and ask for help. What I've witnessed many times is how this initial vulnerability can lead to positive real world changes and immeasurable personal growth. I promise to support you on this challenging yet ultimately rewarding journey.
Free initial consultation session. I offer person centred counselling sessions at my premises on Rodney Street in Liverpool City Centre and also in Aigburth. As you're reading this post it maybe that you're considering taking some action to make some changes for yourself. I understand how difficult a decision it can be to show vulnerability and ask for help. What I've witnessed many times is how this initial vulnerability can lead to positive real world changes and immeasurable personal growth. I promise to support you on this challenging yet ultimately rewarding journey.
01767 669824 View 01767 669824
Photo of Carmen Johnson, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Carmen Johnson
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool L2
I am a qualified therapeutic counsellor providing Person Centred therapy for Men and Women aged 18+. If you’re feeling lost, confused or looking for changes to lead an authentic life you don’t have to do it alone. I provide a safe and confidential space for you to explore your feelings and emotions in a non judgemental environment. I am here to listen to you, to understand and accept you, to empathise and support you through any issue or struggles you may be facing. I am passionate about empowering each of my clients towards finding their true selves and living their authentic life.
I am a qualified therapeutic counsellor providing Person Centred therapy for Men and Women aged 18+. If you’re feeling lost, confused or looking for changes to lead an authentic life you don’t have to do it alone. I provide a safe and confidential space for you to explore your feelings and emotions in a non judgemental environment. I am here to listen to you, to understand and accept you, to empathise and support you through any issue or struggles you may be facing. I am passionate about empowering each of my clients towards finding their true selves and living their authentic life.
0151 453 6737 View 0151 453 6737
Photo of Dagmara Freeman, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Dagmara Freeman
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Liverpool L23  (Online Only)
I am a psychotherapist trained in the integrative approach to therapy. I offer clients a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space. I am passionate about helping clients overcome issues they might have been struggling with for months, or even years. Many of us experience difficulties in our lives and that is when therapy can help. I believe the process of therapy is different for each client. My approach to therapy is that my client and I work closely to agree on the best way forward. I have found my approach to be successful for many clients. As a pluralistic counsellor I can draw on a range of methods and understandings to try
I am a psychotherapist trained in the integrative approach to therapy. I offer clients a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space. I am passionate about helping clients overcome issues they might have been struggling with for months, or even years. Many of us experience difficulties in our lives and that is when therapy can help. I believe the process of therapy is different for each client. My approach to therapy is that my client and I work closely to agree on the best way forward. I have found my approach to be successful for many clients. As a pluralistic counsellor I can draw on a range of methods and understandings to try
0151 453 0410 View 0151 453 0410
Photo of Dr Paula Watson, Psychologist in Liverpool, England
Dr Paula Watson
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Sport Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool L19  (Online Only)
Is weight, food or exercise dominating your life? Do you feel like a failure for not being able to take control? You’re not alone. With many conflicting pressures about weight, diet and exercise, it can be difficult to achieve a healthy balance. Short-term solutions may work initially, but if the underlying psychology is ignored, old habits often return. I can help you develop a healthier relationship with exercise, food and your body. Together we can explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours, to better understand where these come from and help you break out of the negative cycle keeping you stuck.
Is weight, food or exercise dominating your life? Do you feel like a failure for not being able to take control? You’re not alone. With many conflicting pressures about weight, diet and exercise, it can be difficult to achieve a healthy balance. Short-term solutions may work initially, but if the underlying psychology is ignored, old habits often return. I can help you develop a healthier relationship with exercise, food and your body. Together we can explore your thoughts, feelings and behaviours, to better understand where these come from and help you break out of the negative cycle keeping you stuck.
01923 961943 View 01923 961943
Photo of Heather Wooding, Counsellor in Liverpool, England
Heather Wooding
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Liverpool L12  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi, I’m Heather and I’m a fully qualified Person-Centred Counsellor. Have you noticed that you are feeling more anxious or overwhelmed at the moment? Have you been feeling down lately? Do you feel that you need a safe place to talk where someone will listen without judgement and understand how you are feeling? Someone who will be there to support you in finding ways to help yourself? Then it sounds like counselling might be for you!
Hi, I’m Heather and I’m a fully qualified Person-Centred Counsellor. Have you noticed that you are feeling more anxious or overwhelmed at the moment? Have you been feeling down lately? Do you feel that you need a safe place to talk where someone will listen without judgement and understand how you are feeling? Someone who will be there to support you in finding ways to help yourself? Then it sounds like counselling might be for you!
0151 453 0370 View 0151 453 0370
Photo of Dr Jenny Bowe, Psychologist in Liverpool, England
Dr Jenny Bowe
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Liverpool L1
I specialise in working with people who are struggling in their relationships, whether that be with people, food, alcohol, their own past, their self esteem or their work life. I see individuals or couples for therapy and can work online or face to face in Chester. I have specialised in Eating Disorders and Weight Management and helping people understand their relationships with themselves, their bodies and their early history. I work with longstanding mental health problems including anxiety, trauma, depression and loss either individually or in couples.
I specialise in working with people who are struggling in their relationships, whether that be with people, food, alcohol, their own past, their self esteem or their work life. I see individuals or couples for therapy and can work online or face to face in Chester. I have specialised in Eating Disorders and Weight Management and helping people understand their relationships with themselves, their bodies and their early history. I work with longstanding mental health problems including anxiety, trauma, depression and loss either individually or in couples.
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See more therapy options for Liverpool

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Liverpool

200+

Average cost per session

£55

Counsellors in Liverpool who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
86% Self Esteem
81% Stress
79% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Bereavement

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aviva
57% AXA PPP
47% Vitality

How Counsellors in Liverpool see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Liverpool?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.