Photo of Yuxi Liu, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Yuxi Liu
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
From my work and life experience, I keep finding myself using visual art in helping individuals to find more possibilities in their life. I help individuals with general anxiety, especially those who experience life transitions, workplace and education stress, and cultural differences/adjustments. The modern life itself can be overwhelming but there are resources to help us feel better to achieve the goals we have. Visual art therapy is an effective one to express emotions and thoughts with the joint efforts of individuals and therapists.
From my work and life experience, I keep finding myself using visual art in helping individuals to find more possibilities in their life. I help individuals with general anxiety, especially those who experience life transitions, workplace and education stress, and cultural differences/adjustments. The modern life itself can be overwhelming but there are resources to help us feel better to achieve the goals we have. Visual art therapy is an effective one to express emotions and thoughts with the joint efforts of individuals and therapists.
0131 381 6422 View 0131 381 6422
Photo of Steve Hardie - Bu Therapy, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Bu Therapy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Bu Therapy works with YOU. You are, after all, the expert with what is going on in your life today. Together we will work on areas that might be affecting your life and what you would like to change. CBT (Cognitive Behaviour Therapy) looks at the present rather than the past and identifies negative or maladaptive thinking styles that make you see things differently and out of focus. I will work with you in a collaborative manner so we can correct this “blurred view” of life and bring clarity, focus, and direction back into your life, and “together we can come out of the darkness and into the light".
Bu Therapy works with YOU. You are, after all, the expert with what is going on in your life today. Together we will work on areas that might be affecting your life and what you would like to change. CBT (Cognitive Behaviour Therapy) looks at the present rather than the past and identifies negative or maladaptive thinking styles that make you see things differently and out of focus. I will work with you in a collaborative manner so we can correct this “blurred view” of life and bring clarity, focus, and direction back into your life, and “together we can come out of the darkness and into the light".
0131 381 8361 View 0131 381 8361
Photo of Sylvia Hamilton - Pentland Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
Pentland Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Welcome to Pentland Counselling. Are you feeling lost or stuck? Perhaps you are feeling low, anxious, or unsure about how you are going to cope with one of life's changes. Maybe you have experienced a loss and are struggling. You may have been experiencing difficulties in your relationships. You may have had traumatic experiences in earlier life which are still affecting you now. Perhaps you have tried counselling previously, and are now ready to explore things in more depth.
Welcome to Pentland Counselling. Are you feeling lost or stuck? Perhaps you are feeling low, anxious, or unsure about how you are going to cope with one of life's changes. Maybe you have experienced a loss and are struggling. You may have been experiencing difficulties in your relationships. You may have had traumatic experiences in earlier life which are still affecting you now. Perhaps you have tried counselling previously, and are now ready to explore things in more depth.
0131 381 5284 View 0131 381 5284
Photo of Dr Susan Mackay, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap., Psychotherapist
Dr Susan Mackay
Psychotherapist, PhD, HCPC-Art Therap.
Verified Verified
Here is a safe place where you can bring what’s on your mind and together we can make sense of it to find a clearer way forward. Sometimes troubles can feel too stuck or confusing to find words for. In sessions with me, along with words, we can use art materials, or any to hand objects, like a pencil, a piece of paper or string to express what is happening for you. This can give a cathartic sense of difficulties as if lifted from you and shared. Working together in this way can support new ways of thinking and improve relationships through increased self-awareness and emotional mastery.
Here is a safe place where you can bring what’s on your mind and together we can make sense of it to find a clearer way forward. Sometimes troubles can feel too stuck or confusing to find words for. In sessions with me, along with words, we can use art materials, or any to hand objects, like a pencil, a piece of paper or string to express what is happening for you. This can give a cathartic sense of difficulties as if lifted from you and shared. Working together in this way can support new ways of thinking and improve relationships through increased self-awareness and emotional mastery.
01764 915903 View 01764 915903
Photo of Jennifer Collins - Janus Wellbeing, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Janus Wellbeing
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Are things just feeling out of kilter? Know something needs to change? Are you unsure what the right support is for your needs? Are you feeling anxious or low mood? Have you lost someone? Has your confidence dropped? In a time like no other, more than ever we need to focus on our mental health and wellbeing and invest in ourselves. The beauty of my practice is recognising your individualisation and tailoring how I can help with your needs through a holistic approach encompassing counselling, CBT, and coaching. We're people, we don't fit into one neat little box! With me you'll have a warm, confidential and safe space to talk.
Are things just feeling out of kilter? Know something needs to change? Are you unsure what the right support is for your needs? Are you feeling anxious or low mood? Have you lost someone? Has your confidence dropped? In a time like no other, more than ever we need to focus on our mental health and wellbeing and invest in ourselves. The beauty of my practice is recognising your individualisation and tailoring how I can help with your needs through a holistic approach encompassing counselling, CBT, and coaching. We're people, we don't fit into one neat little box! With me you'll have a warm, confidential and safe space to talk.
01721 546470 View 01721 546470
Photo of Lisa Cherry-Byrnes, MBACP, Counsellor
Lisa Cherry-Byrnes
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
People seek therapy & counselling for different reasons & you will have your own unique life experiences that may cause you unhappiness or you may find yourself at crisis point feeling unsure of what to do next. I have worked with many different clients from across the social & cultural spectrum from medical professionals to artists, full-time students to stay at home parents & retirees. I understand that often it is the first step, no matter who we are, that can feel the hardest; the reaching out & making contact. You may want to explore options for change, make sense of a difficult experience or gain new strategies for coping.
People seek therapy & counselling for different reasons & you will have your own unique life experiences that may cause you unhappiness or you may find yourself at crisis point feeling unsure of what to do next. I have worked with many different clients from across the social & cultural spectrum from medical professionals to artists, full-time students to stay at home parents & retirees. I understand that often it is the first step, no matter who we are, that can feel the hardest; the reaching out & making contact. You may want to explore options for change, make sense of a difficult experience or gain new strategies for coping.
0131 357 6140 View 0131 357 6140
Photo of Lianne Brodie, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Lianne Brodie
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello and welcome to my page. Sometimes our problems can seem overwhelming and out of control. We may experience unhelpful thinking and act in ways that may be out of character. The hardest part can be reaching out and asking for help. The good news is counselling can benefit so many. I know from personal experience that talking therapy can have positive, long lasting effects. I offer online and sessions in nature.
Hello and welcome to my page. Sometimes our problems can seem overwhelming and out of control. We may experience unhelpful thinking and act in ways that may be out of character. The hardest part can be reaching out and asking for help. The good news is counselling can benefit so many. I know from personal experience that talking therapy can have positive, long lasting effects. I offer online and sessions in nature.
01764 915869 View 01764 915869
Photo of Victoria Gillingham, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Victoria Gillingham
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 27 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term counselling to address complex issues.
Having worked in the field of mental health for over 27 years, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people are faced with on a daily basis. How we experience these challenges can become overwhelming and we can feel alone, helpless and disconnected. There may be times when it's useful to seek help outside of your current circle of support by talking with a counsellor and I can help you find new ways to explore and manage the difficulties you are experiencing. I work with individuals & couples to offer short-term counselling to address immediate concerns, and long term counselling to address complex issues.
07818 682498 View 07818 682498
Photo of Sarah Worth, MSc, ACC Reg, Counsellor
Sarah Worth
Counsellor, MSc, ACC Reg
Verified Verified
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
I don’t know if you have ever had the opportunity to share your story where someone really listens. I mean really listens, wanting to know you, your story, your ups and downs. Where nothing is off limits. Space to speak what maybe you’ve never spoken before. Sitting in the counsellee seat is not always easy and opening up to someone you do not know can be daunting. I know that taking that first step requires courage and I would love to walk with you on your journey.
0131 381 0082 View 0131 381 0082
Photo of Mairi Rowan - Mairi Rowan Counselling , MBACP, Counsellor
Mairi Rowan Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Whatever you are struggling with right now, I know how hard it can be to find someone to talk to. You may still be carrying emotional hurt and pain from past life experiences or finding it hard to cope with more recent life changes or events. Or perhaps you are feeling lost, confused and alone in your life and are no longer experiencing true happiness or enjoyment in the things that you do. All of this may be leading to conflict and tension in your close relationships, having a negative impact on your self-confidence and sense of self-worth, and making you feel more irritable, anxious or depressed day to day.
Whatever you are struggling with right now, I know how hard it can be to find someone to talk to. You may still be carrying emotional hurt and pain from past life experiences or finding it hard to cope with more recent life changes or events. Or perhaps you are feeling lost, confused and alone in your life and are no longer experiencing true happiness or enjoyment in the things that you do. All of this may be leading to conflict and tension in your close relationships, having a negative impact on your self-confidence and sense of self-worth, and making you feel more irritable, anxious or depressed day to day.
01934 311531 View 01934 311531
Photo of Suzanne Andrade - Amani Counselling and Hypnotherapy , DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Amani Counselling and Hypnotherapy
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Life is made up of challenges, some are easy for us to coordinate, others seem to be harder to overcome. We are all products of our lived experiences and have challenges that are unique to us as individuals.There are so many things that impact us in the now that stem from our past experiences of life. Not all experiences may seem to be important, however, each day we have lived has given us an experience which has been either positive or negative. As unique individuals our needs are so important and I will offer a safe, non judgmental space to share your thoughts.
Life is made up of challenges, some are easy for us to coordinate, others seem to be harder to overcome. We are all products of our lived experiences and have challenges that are unique to us as individuals.There are so many things that impact us in the now that stem from our past experiences of life. Not all experiences may seem to be important, however, each day we have lived has given us an experience which has been either positive or negative. As unique individuals our needs are so important and I will offer a safe, non judgmental space to share your thoughts.
0131 381 4752 View 0131 381 4752
Photo of Ruth Ruthven, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Ruth Ruthven
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Space to talk and be heard can make such a difference to our wellbeing; confidential space to connect with ourselves, reflect upon our situation and work things through. I offer you a warm, accepting, welcoming space for you to talk about what you need to talk about, a place where you can feel seen and heard, space to explore aspects of your life you may be struggling with, risk and challenge appropriate to your growth, and sound, ethical working practices. I look forward to meeting you online or face-to-face in my Peebles workspace.
Space to talk and be heard can make such a difference to our wellbeing; confidential space to connect with ourselves, reflect upon our situation and work things through. I offer you a warm, accepting, welcoming space for you to talk about what you need to talk about, a place where you can feel seen and heard, space to explore aspects of your life you may be struggling with, risk and challenge appropriate to your growth, and sound, ethical working practices. I look forward to meeting you online or face-to-face in my Peebles workspace.
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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Amanda McLauchlan - Dymphna Therapy , Counsellor
Dymphna Therapy
Counsellor
Verified Verified
Online Only
Do you experience intrusive thoughts that cause distress, a constant doubt over whether you have checked the door is locked, or a need to undertake compulsions to reduce anxiety? Does part of you realise that these thoughts and compulsions are unhelpful, yet you struggle to stop them? Do you worry you are ‘going mad’ due to this? These may be symptoms of OCD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder which can be treated successfully with therapy. We can work together to overcome this. Intrusive thoughts do not define you or mean you are 'bad', they are simply thoughts, and we will work to together to take away their power.
Do you experience intrusive thoughts that cause distress, a constant doubt over whether you have checked the door is locked, or a need to undertake compulsions to reduce anxiety? Does part of you realise that these thoughts and compulsions are unhelpful, yet you struggle to stop them? Do you worry you are ‘going mad’ due to this? These may be symptoms of OCD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder which can be treated successfully with therapy. We can work together to overcome this. Intrusive thoughts do not define you or mean you are 'bad', they are simply thoughts, and we will work to together to take away their power.
01764 915829 View 01764 915829
Photo of Ian Burke - Clinical Forensic Psychology , PsychD, Psychologist
Clinical Forensic Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD
Verified Verified
Clinical Forensic Psychology is a child focused psychology practice specialising in the assessment and treatment of children and young people presenting with emotional and mental health difficulties related to experiences of trauma. In addition, I also provide treatment for children who are struggling with a wide range of emotional and behavioural difficulties. If you think I can help you or your child please get in contact with me for a no obligation discussion. You can find my website at www.clinicalforensic.com
Clinical Forensic Psychology is a child focused psychology practice specialising in the assessment and treatment of children and young people presenting with emotional and mental health difficulties related to experiences of trauma. In addition, I also provide treatment for children who are struggling with a wide range of emotional and behavioural difficulties. If you think I can help you or your child please get in contact with me for a no obligation discussion. You can find my website at www.clinicalforensic.com
01764 915909 View 01764 915909
Photo of Jacki Knox, DCounsPsych, Counsellor
Jacki Knox
Counsellor, DCounsPsych
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you finding that everyday life is feeling like a battle? Have you lost the joy for things that previously brought you happiness? Or perhaps you feel that your patience and tolerance is not what it used to be. I see everyday, people who are so busy looking after those around them, they forget to look after themselves, but you will never regret prioritising your mental health. I believe that everyone has the power to overcome life's challenges and discover their true potential. In our counselling sessions, I will help you build resilience, improve your emotional wellbeing, and achieve your goals.
Are you finding that everyday life is feeling like a battle? Have you lost the joy for things that previously brought you happiness? Or perhaps you feel that your patience and tolerance is not what it used to be. I see everyday, people who are so busy looking after those around them, they forget to look after themselves, but you will never regret prioritising your mental health. I believe that everyone has the power to overcome life's challenges and discover their true potential. In our counselling sessions, I will help you build resilience, improve your emotional wellbeing, and achieve your goals.
01968 700314 View 01968 700314
Photo of Lynne Morrison, MBACP, Counsellor
Lynne Morrison
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I offer In Person Counselling in Burntisland, UK wide Online Counselling and I am an Affiliate Counsellor for Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs). Together we work with the difficult times, helping move beyond them. If you would like support with issues such as stress, anxiety, grief, self esteem, happiness and confidence, I can help. My approach combines talking therapy, coping strategies, positive mindset and meditation. We work with your needs and what suits best. I work with adults and elders. Counselling can bring valuable changes to life that last a lifetime.
I offer In Person Counselling in Burntisland, UK wide Online Counselling and I am an Affiliate Counsellor for Employee Assistance Programmes (EAPs). Together we work with the difficult times, helping move beyond them. If you would like support with issues such as stress, anxiety, grief, self esteem, happiness and confidence, I can help. My approach combines talking therapy, coping strategies, positive mindset and meditation. We work with your needs and what suits best. I work with adults and elders. Counselling can bring valuable changes to life that last a lifetime.
07511 928962 View 07511 928962
Sinéad Ní Mhaoileoin
Psychotherapist, COSRT General
Verified Verified
I am a highly qualified Relationship & Sex Therapist with 15 years experience. I am also trained in 2 evidence-based treatment models, each grounded in decades of research, Emotionally Focused Therapy and The Gottman Method. These provide us with deeper understandings and knowledge of what is required to help couples build more secure, resilient and loving bonds. Often, couples in distress don't know how to respond to each other in the face of emotional turmoil as a result of not getting the love they need and want from each other. Unlocking these co-created patterns of dis-connection with a relationship therapist is often required.
I am a highly qualified Relationship & Sex Therapist with 15 years experience. I am also trained in 2 evidence-based treatment models, each grounded in decades of research, Emotionally Focused Therapy and The Gottman Method. These provide us with deeper understandings and knowledge of what is required to help couples build more secure, resilient and loving bonds. Often, couples in distress don't know how to respond to each other in the face of emotional turmoil as a result of not getting the love they need and want from each other. Unlocking these co-created patterns of dis-connection with a relationship therapist is often required.
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Photo of Dr Lindsey Jane Burns - Neurodiversity And Health, PhD, HCPC - Health Psych., Psychologist
Dr Lindsey Jane Burns - Neurodiversity And Health
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Health Psych.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking for help with neurodiversity? I'm a HCPC Practitioner Health Psychologist qualified to carry out ADHD assessment and diagnosis. As a Health Psychologist I work with individuals to assess, diagnose, and support. This includes issues relating to neurodiversity including women’s health (e.g. menopause), the management of chronic health conditions, weight management, stress management, self-belief and self confidence, and sleep. I use an approach that blends cognitive behavioural, solutions focused and coaching techniques and can help you identify clear goals and make positive changes in your life.
Are you looking for help with neurodiversity? I'm a HCPC Practitioner Health Psychologist qualified to carry out ADHD assessment and diagnosis. As a Health Psychologist I work with individuals to assess, diagnose, and support. This includes issues relating to neurodiversity including women’s health (e.g. menopause), the management of chronic health conditions, weight management, stress management, self-belief and self confidence, and sleep. I use an approach that blends cognitive behavioural, solutions focused and coaching techniques and can help you identify clear goals and make positive changes in your life.
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Photo of Lisa Tabanivesikula - Let's Resolve It Therapy, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Let's Resolve It Therapy
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
What would it be like if you put yourself at the top of your list each day? Is today the day you've decided to make a change to your current life and would like someone by your side while you explore it? Has something happened that makes you think "I want something different for my future but I'm not sure where to start?" I have a special interest in supporting people with sleep problems.
What would it be like if you put yourself at the top of your list each day? Is today the day you've decided to make a change to your current life and would like someone by your side while you explore it? Has something happened that makes you think "I want something different for my future but I'm not sure where to start?" I have a special interest in supporting people with sleep problems.
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Photo of Mariana Martinez Vamplew, MA
Mariana Martinez Vamplew
MA
Verified Verified
Online Only
I specialize in talk therapy for Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Cluster B and Dark Triad abuse survivors, as well as PTSD and CPTSD. As a survivor myself of Narcissistic abuse, I understand the many subtle but devastating ways this abuse can destroy your very sense of self. I bring a bespoke and individually tailored approach to my sessions. I’m here to listen to your story, believe you and to aid you on your healing journey.
I specialize in talk therapy for Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Cluster B and Dark Triad abuse survivors, as well as PTSD and CPTSD. As a survivor myself of Narcissistic abuse, I understand the many subtle but devastating ways this abuse can destroy your very sense of self. I bring a bespoke and individually tailored approach to my sessions. I’m here to listen to your story, believe you and to aid you on your healing journey.
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See more therapy options for EH26

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in EH26

10+

Average cost per session

£52

Counsellors in EH26 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Self Esteem
83% Depression
75% Bereavement
75% Stress
75% Life Transitions
67% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

33% Other
33% Bupa
33% Vitality

How Counsellors in EH26 see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in EH26?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.