Counselling in EH25

Photo of Mhairi Spence, Counsellor, MBACP
Mhairi Spence
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
Roslin EH25
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety or burnout? Do you feel stuck and unable to cope with life's difficulties? I support adults to feel calmer, more confident and find practical ways forward — face-to-face in Roslin (near Edinburgh) and online across the UK. If work, relationships or life changes are leaving you exhausted, stuck or on edge, counselling can help. I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard and start to make sense of what’s happening. Together we’ll explore what’s getting in the way, and I’ll help you develop simple, practical tools you can use in day-to-day life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress, anxiety or burnout? Do you feel stuck and unable to cope with life's difficulties? I support adults to feel calmer, more confident and find practical ways forward — face-to-face in Roslin (near Edinburgh) and online across the UK. If work, relationships or life changes are leaving you exhausted, stuck or on edge, counselling can help. I offer a warm, non-judgemental space where you can be heard and start to make sense of what’s happening. Together we’ll explore what’s getting in the way, and I’ll help you develop simple, practical tools you can use in day-to-day life.
01655 509988 View 01655 509988

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Hazel Stevenson, Counsellor, MCOSCA
Hazel Stevenson
Counsellor, MCOSCA
1 Endorsed
Edinburgh EH15
Welcome! Talking is a wonderful way to share what’s on your mind. You may not even know what is bothering you, but by talking, it helps to get in touch with your emotions and make sense of your thoughts. Changes are often small but can be significant. Speaking with someone who is really listening and can offer a non-judgemental space to fully express yourself, improve your self awareness, and accept you for being you, can help!
Welcome! Talking is a wonderful way to share what’s on your mind. You may not even know what is bothering you, but by talking, it helps to get in touch with your emotions and make sense of your thoughts. Changes are often small but can be significant. Speaking with someone who is really listening and can offer a non-judgemental space to fully express yourself, improve your self awareness, and accept you for being you, can help!
01764 915874 View 01764 915874
Photo of Sabah Moran, Psychotherapist, MSc, MCOSCA
Sabah Moran
Psychotherapist, MSc, MCOSCA
3 Endorsed
Wishaw ML2
Are you a woman who looks capable on the outside but feels overwhelmed on the inside? Do you struggle with anxiety, low mood, irritability, or bursts of anger that don’t feel like you, especially as hormonal changes and life pressure increase? Are you a woman on the fertility journey, feeling stressed, angry or isolated? Or a new Mum who thought it would all just come naturally but reality is tiring and hard and causing you anxiety rather than joy. Are you ready to stop just coping and start feeling calm, confident, and back in control of your life? Change is possible.
Are you a woman who looks capable on the outside but feels overwhelmed on the inside? Do you struggle with anxiety, low mood, irritability, or bursts of anger that don’t feel like you, especially as hormonal changes and life pressure increase? Are you a woman on the fertility journey, feeling stressed, angry or isolated? Or a new Mum who thought it would all just come naturally but reality is tiring and hard and causing you anxiety rather than joy. Are you ready to stop just coping and start feeling calm, confident, and back in control of your life? Change is possible.
01698 532597 View 01698 532597
Photo of Becca Lamont, Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Drama Therap.
Becca Lamont
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Drama Therap.
6 Endorsed
Hello! I'm Becca, I'm a psychotherapist specialising in dramatherapy based in Edinburgh. I work in a person centred way, ensuring that your therapy is collaborative and co-created to ensure that you feel empowered in your therapeutic journey. I have experience of working with children, young people and adults and offer a creative approach that can help you to uncover insights in yourself, helping you to build an integrated sense of self. I work in a non judgmental way alongside you to find healing, integration with parts of yourself and clarity.
Hello! I'm Becca, I'm a psychotherapist specialising in dramatherapy based in Edinburgh. I work in a person centred way, ensuring that your therapy is collaborative and co-created to ensure that you feel empowered in your therapeutic journey. I have experience of working with children, young people and adults and offer a creative approach that can help you to uncover insights in yourself, helping you to build an integrated sense of self. I work in a non judgmental way alongside you to find healing, integration with parts of yourself and clarity.
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Photo of Vagelis Dimitriou, Counsellor, MBACP
Vagelis Dimitriou
Counsellor, MBACP
It isn’t always easy to admit to ourselves that something needs to change and ask for help. I imagine you’re reading this because you want help with something in your life. There are so many circumstances that cause us pain and suffering expressed in different forms: anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, loneliness, lack of purpose and so on. Together we will explore what you are having difficulty with and what it is you wish for. That might include recognising unhelpful patterns and obstacles that get in the way of your wishes as well as acting on the changes that are required.
It isn’t always easy to admit to ourselves that something needs to change and ask for help. I imagine you’re reading this because you want help with something in your life. There are so many circumstances that cause us pain and suffering expressed in different forms: anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, loneliness, lack of purpose and so on. Together we will explore what you are having difficulty with and what it is you wish for. That might include recognising unhelpful patterns and obstacles that get in the way of your wishes as well as acting on the changes that are required.
0131 381 6921 View 0131 381 6921
Photo of Harris Papachristopoulos - The Life Academy, Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP
The Life Academy
Psychotherapist, PsychD, MBACP
Edinburgh EH10
Hello, I am Harris and I can help you to heal and flourish. I am aPsychologist, Psychotherapist and Philosophical Counsellor, working with individuals and couples both in person (in Edinburgh) or onine I use a holistic psychotherapeutic approach, which means I combine tools and knowledge gained from across many different psychotherapies to develop a programme that is uniquely tailored to you and your specific needs.Through a collaborative, creative and integrative approach, I will work with you, drawing on my extensive knowledge of wide range of effective psychotherapies.
Hello, I am Harris and I can help you to heal and flourish. I am aPsychologist, Psychotherapist and Philosophical Counsellor, working with individuals and couples both in person (in Edinburgh) or onine I use a holistic psychotherapeutic approach, which means I combine tools and knowledge gained from across many different psychotherapies to develop a programme that is uniquely tailored to you and your specific needs.Through a collaborative, creative and integrative approach, I will work with you, drawing on my extensive knowledge of wide range of effective psychotherapies.
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Photo of Phil Jackman, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Phil Jackman
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
My job as a therapist is to help you to live life better. The purpose of therapy is to help you to identify what is holding you back or getting in the way of you living your life how you want to. Whether this is cycles of thoughts, persistent feelings, repetitive behaviours or being stuck in relationships or situations that aren’t fulfilling you. Therapy can help you to explore these, gain understanding and develop solutions that make sense to you.
My job as a therapist is to help you to live life better. The purpose of therapy is to help you to identify what is holding you back or getting in the way of you living your life how you want to. Whether this is cycles of thoughts, persistent feelings, repetitive behaviours or being stuck in relationships or situations that aren’t fulfilling you. Therapy can help you to explore these, gain understanding and develop solutions that make sense to you.
0131 381 5537 View 0131 381 5537
Photo of Claire Feldman - Claire Feldman - Binge Eating Therapist, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Claire Feldman - Binge Eating Therapist
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You’re capable and organised in many areas of life, yet food can feel like the one thing that unravels. You start the day feeling in control, but by evening you’re eating in a way that doesn’t match what you truly want. Then comes the guilt, the promise to “start fresh tomorrow,” and the cycle repeats. Food struggles are often tied to stress, emotions, and deep-rooted coping patterns. For some, especially those with ADHD (diagnosed or not), eating can become a way to manage stimulation, focus, or overwhelm. Many only realise the link during therapy.
You’re capable and organised in many areas of life, yet food can feel like the one thing that unravels. You start the day feeling in control, but by evening you’re eating in a way that doesn’t match what you truly want. Then comes the guilt, the promise to “start fresh tomorrow,” and the cycle repeats. Food struggles are often tied to stress, emotions, and deep-rooted coping patterns. For some, especially those with ADHD (diagnosed or not), eating can become a way to manage stimulation, focus, or overwhelm. Many only realise the link during therapy.
01248 665952 View 01248 665952
Photo of Lilian Kelly - Room To Change, Counsellor, MBACP
Room To Change
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Hi, I'm Lilian, a specialist addictions therapist (StopSo registered), executive function coach, and trauma-informed practitioner. I support people struggling with problematic drug and alcohol use, sex and pornography addiction, binge eating, and compulsive behaviours. I also work with partners experiencing betrayal trauma. Alongside therapy, I offer mindfulness training, and executive function coaching for people with Autism (ASD), ADHD, or anyone who wants to feel more focused, calm, and in control of their daily lives.
Hi, I'm Lilian, a specialist addictions therapist (StopSo registered), executive function coach, and trauma-informed practitioner. I support people struggling with problematic drug and alcohol use, sex and pornography addiction, binge eating, and compulsive behaviours. I also work with partners experiencing betrayal trauma. Alongside therapy, I offer mindfulness training, and executive function coaching for people with Autism (ASD), ADHD, or anyone who wants to feel more focused, calm, and in control of their daily lives.
0131 378 6646 View 0131 378 6646
Photo of Sophie Forster - Healthy Being Therapy, Counsellor
My name is Sophie Forster ( BA, PG Dip) and I am a therapist within my own company, Healthy Being Therapy, which I co-own with two other therapists. I am passionate about helping people identify patterns in their lives and relationships that are preventing them from living a full life. Through a collaborative process, I help clients develop new behaviours that will enhance their well-being. I offer 1-to-1 counselling sessions in Edinburgh and East Lothian for help with anxiety, depression, addiction, eating disorders, trauma symptoms, self-care, life enhancement, goal attainment, self-discovery, life transitions and more.)
My name is Sophie Forster ( BA, PG Dip) and I am a therapist within my own company, Healthy Being Therapy, which I co-own with two other therapists. I am passionate about helping people identify patterns in their lives and relationships that are preventing them from living a full life. Through a collaborative process, I help clients develop new behaviours that will enhance their well-being. I offer 1-to-1 counselling sessions in Edinburgh and East Lothian for help with anxiety, depression, addiction, eating disorders, trauma symptoms, self-care, life enhancement, goal attainment, self-discovery, life transitions and more.)
0131 381 1540 View 0131 381 1540
Photo of Tara Beazley - Art Therapy with T, Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
Art Therapy with T
Psychotherapist, MSc, HCPC-Art Therap.
3 Endorsed
Hello, my name is Tara (They/she) & I go by T! I'm an Integrative Art psychotherapist dedicated to improving the lives of marginalized young people and adults. My approach is neuro-affirming with a strong anti-oppressive and trauma informed base. I'm a proud AuDHD, Non-binary, bi and polyamorous therapist. I value the power of lived experience informing best clinical practise; by accessing therapists who can truly see, understand, and affirm us. I work with clients to build relational safety so that we can explore the impact of experiences, on your inner world.
Hello, my name is Tara (They/she) & I go by T! I'm an Integrative Art psychotherapist dedicated to improving the lives of marginalized young people and adults. My approach is neuro-affirming with a strong anti-oppressive and trauma informed base. I'm a proud AuDHD, Non-binary, bi and polyamorous therapist. I value the power of lived experience informing best clinical practise; by accessing therapists who can truly see, understand, and affirm us. I work with clients to build relational safety so that we can explore the impact of experiences, on your inner world.
0131 381 1622 View 0131 381 1622
Photo of Dr Darren O Reilly - AuDHD Psychiatry - Dr Darren O Reilly, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
AuDHD Psychiatry - Dr Darren O Reilly
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Struggling with focus, deadlines, or constant mental overload? ADHD can make daily life feel chaotic, but getting the right diagnosis and support changes everything. I offer comprehensive ADHD assessments, medication management, and coaching for students and professionals who need answers and a clear path forward. My assessments follow NHS & NICE guidelines, with structured titration support and shared care transitions to your GP whenever possible. If you’re looking for real support, adhd medication, an official diagnosis for medication, our team can help. Evening & remote appointments available.
Struggling with focus, deadlines, or constant mental overload? ADHD can make daily life feel chaotic, but getting the right diagnosis and support changes everything. I offer comprehensive ADHD assessments, medication management, and coaching for students and professionals who need answers and a clear path forward. My assessments follow NHS & NICE guidelines, with structured titration support and shared care transitions to your GP whenever possible. If you’re looking for real support, adhd medication, an official diagnosis for medication, our team can help. Evening & remote appointments available.
0131 378 6555 View 0131 378 6555
Photo of Samantha Bennett, MSc
Samantha Bennett
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you are fed up struggling with your insecurities and never feeling good enough? Have you had enough of living in fear and not feeling truly happy? Are you looking for change but not sure how to do it? Working with a professional can help you to set clear goals to overcome your difficulties. You can be happier by working out what is holding you back. You can learn tools to better manage your emotions and the stresses in your life.
Are you are fed up struggling with your insecurities and never feeling good enough? Have you had enough of living in fear and not feeling truly happy? Are you looking for change but not sure how to do it? Working with a professional can help you to set clear goals to overcome your difficulties. You can be happier by working out what is holding you back. You can learn tools to better manage your emotions and the stresses in your life.
0131 510 2479 View 0131 510 2479
Photo of Amy Caffrey Mbacp, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Amy Caffrey Mbacp
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Anxiety, stress and low mood can leave us feeling overwhelmed and difficult to know how to manage this both in our personal and professional lives. Talking to a therapist can be quite daunting. However, I truly believe talking through a problem can really help. I can help you to identify and understand issues you are struggling with and together we can come up with a plan on how to help you overcome these. I have vast experience in mental health and some of my most recent work has been working through work related dress, neurodiversity, social anxiety and gender dysphoria.
Anxiety, stress and low mood can leave us feeling overwhelmed and difficult to know how to manage this both in our personal and professional lives. Talking to a therapist can be quite daunting. However, I truly believe talking through a problem can really help. I can help you to identify and understand issues you are struggling with and together we can come up with a plan on how to help you overcome these. I have vast experience in mental health and some of my most recent work has been working through work related dress, neurodiversity, social anxiety and gender dysphoria.
01875 444628 View 01875 444628
Photo of Margot Williamson, Counsellor, MBACP
Margot Williamson
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
There are times in life when what once worked no longer does. You might be living with grief, navigating a major transition, or feeling caught in patterns that leave you frustrated, numb, or quietly exhausted. I work with adults who sense something needs to change, even if they’re not yet sure what that change looks like or how to begin.
There are times in life when what once worked no longer does. You might be living with grief, navigating a major transition, or feeling caught in patterns that leave you frustrated, numb, or quietly exhausted. I work with adults who sense something needs to change, even if they’re not yet sure what that change looks like or how to begin.
0131 381 5746 View 0131 381 5746
Photo of Richard Stiles, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Richard Stiles
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
Are you burned out and overwhelmed? I help adult professionals manage stress and anxiety through talking therapy, presence practice and mindfulness. We can all experience burn out at some point. It's normal and it's nature's way of telling us to slow down. We don't always have the luxury of slowing down but we can learn to feel more connected to ourselves and others.
Are you burned out and overwhelmed? I help adult professionals manage stress and anxiety through talking therapy, presence practice and mindfulness. We can all experience burn out at some point. It's normal and it's nature's way of telling us to slow down. We don't always have the luxury of slowing down but we can learn to feel more connected to ourselves and others.
01276 539433 View 01276 539433
Photo of Vivienne Halo, Counsellor, MSc, UKCP Trainee
Vivienne Halo
Counsellor, MSc, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Part of being human is finding ourselves in relationships—with partners, friends, family, but also with our workplaces, communities, roles, responsibilities, and the broader culture we inhabit. These relationships can be nourishing and supportive, but they can also leave us feeling lost, unseen, or overwhelmed. In our work together, we will aim to co-create a safe and reflective space where you can begin to explore both your inner and outer worlds.
Part of being human is finding ourselves in relationships—with partners, friends, family, but also with our workplaces, communities, roles, responsibilities, and the broader culture we inhabit. These relationships can be nourishing and supportive, but they can also leave us feeling lost, unseen, or overwhelmed. In our work together, we will aim to co-create a safe and reflective space where you can begin to explore both your inner and outer worlds.
0131 381 7372 View 0131 381 7372
Photo of Sarah Brown, Counsellor, BACP
Sarah Brown
Counsellor, BACP
Edinburgh EH12
I have worked in many different roles over the past decade, even before becoming a counsellor, in which I've helped people improve their mental health. I take pride in my ability to work with people from all walks of life. I have worked with people with complex mental health diagnoses, ex-offenders, drug addicts and sexual abuse survivors. I seek to help without any prejudice or bias. We all have moments in life when we need help, it doesn’t matter who we are, where we come from or what we’ve done. We’re all humans!
I have worked in many different roles over the past decade, even before becoming a counsellor, in which I've helped people improve their mental health. I take pride in my ability to work with people from all walks of life. I have worked with people with complex mental health diagnoses, ex-offenders, drug addicts and sexual abuse survivors. I seek to help without any prejudice or bias. We all have moments in life when we need help, it doesn’t matter who we are, where we come from or what we’ve done. We’re all humans!
0131 381 2881 View 0131 381 2881
Photo of Elaine Jordan, Counsellor, MBACP
Elaine Jordan
Counsellor, MBACP
If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of yourself, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to face it on your own. You might be struggling in a relationship, feeling disconnected, or repeating painful patterns. You might be managing stress, anxiety or depression, dealing with loss, or navigating change. Even if you’re not sure what you need, it’s okay to start with that. You’re welcome to bring any part of your life that feels difficult or important to explore. Counselling offers a space to breathe, reflect, and begin to understand what’s been holding you back—so you can move forward with more clarity and self-compassion.
If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of yourself, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to face it on your own. You might be struggling in a relationship, feeling disconnected, or repeating painful patterns. You might be managing stress, anxiety or depression, dealing with loss, or navigating change. Even if you’re not sure what you need, it’s okay to start with that. You’re welcome to bring any part of your life that feels difficult or important to explore. Counselling offers a space to breathe, reflect, and begin to understand what’s been holding you back—so you can move forward with more clarity and self-compassion.
01383 666051 View 01383 666051
Photo of Nadia Giannelou, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Nadia Giannelou
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi there. When was the last time you felt truly heard and understood? You may be feeling low, anxious, or lost. Perhaps you’re carrying the weight of trauma, sexual abuse, adverse childhood experiences, relationships, or other painful events. You may be struggling with intimacy or identity, or feeling like you don’t belong- invisible, misunderstood, or too much. You don’t have to face it alone. I offer a calm, compassionate space where you can be yourself, feel heard and gently explore what’s coming up for you. Together, we’ll draw on your strengths to build self-awareness and move towards lasting change.
Hi there. When was the last time you felt truly heard and understood? You may be feeling low, anxious, or lost. Perhaps you’re carrying the weight of trauma, sexual abuse, adverse childhood experiences, relationships, or other painful events. You may be struggling with intimacy or identity, or feeling like you don’t belong- invisible, misunderstood, or too much. You don’t have to face it alone. I offer a calm, compassionate space where you can be yourself, feel heard and gently explore what’s coming up for you. Together, we’ll draw on your strengths to build self-awareness and move towards lasting change.
01786 232286 View 01786 232286

See more therapy options for EH25

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in EH25

< 10

Counsellors in EH25 who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Domestic Abuse
100% ADHD
100% Depression
100% Addiction
100% Anxiety
100% Bereavement

Average years in practice

3 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Counsellors in EH25 see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in EH25?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.