Photo of Caroline Millar - Limitless Counselling (Caroline), MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Limitless Counselling (Caroline)
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Limited immediate start places available for in person and online sessions. Hi, I'm Caroline Millar, a qualified and compassionate counsellor offering both face-to-face sessions in Dundee and online therapy for clients seeking flexibility. I focus on your unique needs, helping you explore and make sense of your emotions in a safe, confidential space. I support individuals dealing with anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, low self-esteem, and life transitions. I believe that with the right support, everyone has the capacity to heal and grow. Whether you're struggling with
Limited immediate start places available for in person and online sessions. Hi, I'm Caroline Millar, a qualified and compassionate counsellor offering both face-to-face sessions in Dundee and online therapy for clients seeking flexibility. I focus on your unique needs, helping you explore and make sense of your emotions in a safe, confidential space. I support individuals dealing with anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, low self-esteem, and life transitions. I believe that with the right support, everyone has the capacity to heal and grow. Whether you're struggling with
01382 919400 View 01382 919400
Photo of Dr Robina Boehnke - Dr Robina Boehnke, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Robina Boehnke
Psychologist, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hello and welcome! I am glad that you have found your way here. Life is difficult and whilst we can often cope well with the challenges life throws at us, sometimes we find ourselves stuck and unable to get ourselves unstuck regardless of how hard we try. This is where therapy comes in. You may feel depressed, anxious, stressed, or low and may have trouble enjoying the good things in life. I offer you a compassionate, trustworthy, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, develop, learn, and grow. Please have a look at my website for more detailed information.
Hello and welcome! I am glad that you have found your way here. Life is difficult and whilst we can often cope well with the challenges life throws at us, sometimes we find ourselves stuck and unable to get ourselves unstuck regardless of how hard we try. This is where therapy comes in. You may feel depressed, anxious, stressed, or low and may have trouble enjoying the good things in life. I offer you a compassionate, trustworthy, and non-judgmental space where you can explore, develop, learn, and grow. Please have a look at my website for more detailed information.
07526 043595 View 07526 043595
Photo of Phillipa Donnelly, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Phillipa Donnelly
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling with anxiety, low mood, sadness, low self esteem or anger? Have you experienced trauma, relationship issues or a bereavement that's making life harder? Do you want to feel more positive about life but don't know where to start? Life can at times feel overwhelming but considering counselling is a positive step. Counselling offers you the chance to explore these issues whilst being in a confidential, safe space.
Are you struggling with anxiety, low mood, sadness, low self esteem or anger? Have you experienced trauma, relationship issues or a bereavement that's making life harder? Do you want to feel more positive about life but don't know where to start? Life can at times feel overwhelming but considering counselling is a positive step. Counselling offers you the chance to explore these issues whilst being in a confidential, safe space.
01382 933103 View 01382 933103
Photo of Louise Loughran, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Louise Loughran
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
I offer specialist Autism Assessment services to teenagers and young adults. I have over 15 years' experience working with Autistic young people and I am dedicated to delivering a high quality, personalised experience. My team share the values of professionalism, compassion and commitment to the young people and families we see.
I offer specialist Autism Assessment services to teenagers and young adults. I have over 15 years' experience working with Autistic young people and I am dedicated to delivering a high quality, personalised experience. My team share the values of professionalism, compassion and commitment to the young people and families we see.
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Photo of Andy Sanwell, MSc, MCOSCA, Counsellor
Andy Sanwell
Counsellor, MSc, MCOSCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I assume you have something you would like to talk privately to somebody about. I wonder what it is like to be you. Do you often feel alien, struggling to understand and be understood by others? Is finding friends and keeping them hard? Would you rather avoid groups whilst wanting to belong? Does change hit you hard? Do you feel distant from others and even yourself? And maybe answering seemingly simple questions, such as “how are you?” or “what do you need?” feels difficult. I have some idea of what that is like. I offer you acceptance within a non-judgemental, empathic therapeutic relationship.
I assume you have something you would like to talk privately to somebody about. I wonder what it is like to be you. Do you often feel alien, struggling to understand and be understood by others? Is finding friends and keeping them hard? Would you rather avoid groups whilst wanting to belong? Does change hit you hard? Do you feel distant from others and even yourself? And maybe answering seemingly simple questions, such as “how are you?” or “what do you need?” feels difficult. I have some idea of what that is like. I offer you acceptance within a non-judgemental, empathic therapeutic relationship.
01382 919065 View 01382 919065
Photo of Ashley Jack, MBACP, Counsellor
Ashley Jack
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm Ashley. Think of my therapy room as a safe, cozy space where you can take a deep breath, be yourself, and untangle your thoughts and feelings. I focus on how you relate to yourself, understanding your story, your patterns, and how they affect relationships. I strive to create a safe and nurturing space where you can explore the challenges in your life. Whether you're dealing with childhood trauma, relationship breakdowns, stress, overwhelm, depression, or other forms of distress, I am here to help. I have a special interest in exploring the impact of our relationships on our sense of self.
Hi, I'm Ashley. Think of my therapy room as a safe, cozy space where you can take a deep breath, be yourself, and untangle your thoughts and feelings. I focus on how you relate to yourself, understanding your story, your patterns, and how they affect relationships. I strive to create a safe and nurturing space where you can explore the challenges in your life. Whether you're dealing with childhood trauma, relationship breakdowns, stress, overwhelm, depression, or other forms of distress, I am here to help. I have a special interest in exploring the impact of our relationships on our sense of self.
01382 919380 View 01382 919380
Photo of Kat Jennifer Marshall - Kat Marshall Therapy Services
I believe that all people can reach their full potential when they have the tools, knowledge and awareness to empower themselves. Together, we can find new ways to manage your current situation, challenge unhelpful thinking, and experiment with behaviour change. My role is to help you explore these difficult thoughts and feelings to find strategies for coping that work for you. I am a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapist, which is a collaborative and effective treatment method for a wide range of issues. I work with adults of all ages, backgrounds and identities. I champion equality and inclusion in my practice and am gender-affirming.
I believe that all people can reach their full potential when they have the tools, knowledge and awareness to empower themselves. Together, we can find new ways to manage your current situation, challenge unhelpful thinking, and experiment with behaviour change. My role is to help you explore these difficult thoughts and feelings to find strategies for coping that work for you. I am a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapist, which is a collaborative and effective treatment method for a wide range of issues. I work with adults of all ages, backgrounds and identities. I champion equality and inclusion in my practice and am gender-affirming.
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Photo of Katy Mitchell, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Katy Mitchell
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Every person is different, which means every treatment will be different too. I provide a range of psychological therapies that will be tailored to meet your needs. I work with adults of all ages and backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress (including work, academic, or general life stress), loss and bereavement, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes (e.g. birth, retirement, relationship ending), sexual difficulties, eating disorders, health anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and desire for personal development.
Every person is different, which means every treatment will be different too. I provide a range of psychological therapies that will be tailored to meet your needs. I work with adults of all ages and backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress (including work, academic, or general life stress), loss and bereavement, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes (e.g. birth, retirement, relationship ending), sexual difficulties, eating disorders, health anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and desire for personal development.
01333 408717 View 01333 408717
Photo of Richard Warden - Richard Warden (Frameshift Counselling), MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Richard Warden (Frameshift Counselling)
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
I offer a select set of therapeutic approaches, along with elements of Cinema Therapy, online and in person. During times of transition, stress, depression or anxiety, I calmly help individuals navigate change and make meaningful transformations in their lives. Free 30-minute initial consultation to explore moving forward together.
I offer a select set of therapeutic approaches, along with elements of Cinema Therapy, online and in person. During times of transition, stress, depression or anxiety, I calmly help individuals navigate change and make meaningful transformations in their lives. Free 30-minute initial consultation to explore moving forward together.
01382 919379 View 01382 919379
Photo of Dr Alexander Fox, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Dr Alexander Fox
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
I help adults from all walks of life (online or in person). There are four groups that I especially work with: a) students and academics (due to my own extensive academic background), who want to tackle problems that often beleaguer them in their personal (e.g. relationship issues) and professional lives (e.g. perfectionism); b) professionals who are either tackling personal/career problems and/or wishing to engage in self-development; 3) Couples; 4) Clients from an LGBTQ+ background who want a safe space to talk about what is troubling them and to find possible solutions. With all clients I work in an eclectic (pluralistic) way.
I help adults from all walks of life (online or in person). There are four groups that I especially work with: a) students and academics (due to my own extensive academic background), who want to tackle problems that often beleaguer them in their personal (e.g. relationship issues) and professional lives (e.g. perfectionism); b) professionals who are either tackling personal/career problems and/or wishing to engage in self-development; 3) Couples; 4) Clients from an LGBTQ+ background who want a safe space to talk about what is troubling them and to find possible solutions. With all clients I work in an eclectic (pluralistic) way.
07734 900796 View 07734 900796
Photo of Maurits Schuur, MSc, BACP, Counsellor
Maurits Schuur
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to my profile. Asking for help can be difficult, so for that I applaud you in taking the first step towards your social emotional wellbeing and personal development. Together we can embark on a journey to understanding the past, in-tuning ourselves with the present, and manifesting into the future. I am experienced working with wide range of ages (including children), whom have varied backgrounds, concerning a variety of issues and subjects. Common difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): anxiety, depression, bereavement, trauma, stress, anger, relationships, addiction, and low mood.
Welcome to my profile. Asking for help can be difficult, so for that I applaud you in taking the first step towards your social emotional wellbeing and personal development. Together we can embark on a journey to understanding the past, in-tuning ourselves with the present, and manifesting into the future. I am experienced working with wide range of ages (including children), whom have varied backgrounds, concerning a variety of issues and subjects. Common difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): anxiety, depression, bereavement, trauma, stress, anger, relationships, addiction, and low mood.
01382 919492 View 01382 919492
Photo of Caroline Cassidy, MBACP, Counsellor
Caroline Cassidy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hi I’m Caroline, I’m a BACP registered counsellor working with both individual adults and children and young people. I did my Postgraduate training in Person-Centred Counselling at Aberdeen University before going on to gain an additional specialist certificate in Counselling Children and Young People. I chose the person-centred approach as the foundation for my training and practice because I believe that simple talk therapy is incredibly powerful and that most of us aren’t often given this space in life where we are simply listened to, heard and understood.
Hi I’m Caroline, I’m a BACP registered counsellor working with both individual adults and children and young people. I did my Postgraduate training in Person-Centred Counselling at Aberdeen University before going on to gain an additional specialist certificate in Counselling Children and Young People. I chose the person-centred approach as the foundation for my training and practice because I believe that simple talk therapy is incredibly powerful and that most of us aren’t often given this space in life where we are simply listened to, heard and understood.
01382 919332 View 01382 919332
Photo of Alexander Leon Nite, MSc, GMBPsS, Psychotherapist
Alexander Leon Nite
Psychotherapist, MSc, GMBPsS
Verified Verified
Symptoms of depression, anxiety, dissociation and issues with sleep or eating often stem from difficult or traumatic experiences. Psychotherapy can help identify the root causes of these symptoms, offering a path toward healing through exploration and solution-focused approaches.
Symptoms of depression, anxiety, dissociation and issues with sleep or eating often stem from difficult or traumatic experiences. Psychotherapy can help identify the root causes of these symptoms, offering a path toward healing through exploration and solution-focused approaches.
01382 933258 View 01382 933258
Photo of Liam Quinn, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Liam Quinn
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Not accepting new clients
Therapy generally can be challenging, discovering ones barriers, patterns of behaviour, amongst many other possible struggles that aren't serving you well in your daily life or that you've been carrying with you for a long time. As a pluralistic counsellor and psychotherapist, I embrace this diversity of human experiences and what each individual brings to the counselling room. I specialise in working with individuals who have experienced abuse, trauma, anxiety, depression, addictions and bereavement. Whether seeking support in these areas or others, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore, grow, and thrive.
Therapy generally can be challenging, discovering ones barriers, patterns of behaviour, amongst many other possible struggles that aren't serving you well in your daily life or that you've been carrying with you for a long time. As a pluralistic counsellor and psychotherapist, I embrace this diversity of human experiences and what each individual brings to the counselling room. I specialise in working with individuals who have experienced abuse, trauma, anxiety, depression, addictions and bereavement. Whether seeking support in these areas or others, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore, grow, and thrive.
01382 768545 View 01382 768545
Photo of Dr Csilla Gulyas, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Csilla Gulyas
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I put emphasis on ensuring that we can jointly develop a shared understanding of your experiences and difficulties with the aim of empowering you to take actions to reach your desired goals. I provide a range of evidence-based psychological therapies for those over the age of 16 from various backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress, loss, body image issues, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes, sexual difficulties, health anxiety, low self-esteem and relationship difficulties. I also offer input towards personal development and self-reflection.
I put emphasis on ensuring that we can jointly develop a shared understanding of your experiences and difficulties with the aim of empowering you to take actions to reach your desired goals. I provide a range of evidence-based psychological therapies for those over the age of 16 from various backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress, loss, body image issues, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes, sexual difficulties, health anxiety, low self-esteem and relationship difficulties. I also offer input towards personal development and self-reflection.
01382 919559 View 01382 919559
Photo of Alison Gibson, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Alison Gibson
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Within Tay Wellbeing's Women and Family Service, I provide menopause-informed psychological care tailored specifically to address the complex interplay of physical, emotional, and psychological changes that occur during menopause. This specialised approach allows me to provide targeted interventions that help manage symptoms like anxiety, mood swings, and emotional distress more effectively. By focusing on the unique challenges of menopause, this approach not only alleviates immediate concerns but also empowers women to regain control, confidence, and a renewed sense of well-being.
Within Tay Wellbeing's Women and Family Service, I provide menopause-informed psychological care tailored specifically to address the complex interplay of physical, emotional, and psychological changes that occur during menopause. This specialised approach allows me to provide targeted interventions that help manage symptoms like anxiety, mood swings, and emotional distress more effectively. By focusing on the unique challenges of menopause, this approach not only alleviates immediate concerns but also empowers women to regain control, confidence, and a renewed sense of well-being.
01382 919403 View 01382 919403
Photo of Michelle Donoghue, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Michelle Donoghue
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Not accepting new clients
Hi I'm Michelle and firstly, I want to say well done in taking the 1st step in seeking help by searching for a counsellor, it's not an easy step to take. Society is moving at such a fast pace that we don't take that time out to get a sense of our feelings about changes occurring in our lives, or to come to terms with other issues. We can often feel that our personal issues and challenges are not that big compared to other people's, however, if they are affecting your ability to live a fulfilled life then it is worth giving yourself space and time to process what is going on for you in your life through counselling.
Hi I'm Michelle and firstly, I want to say well done in taking the 1st step in seeking help by searching for a counsellor, it's not an easy step to take. Society is moving at such a fast pace that we don't take that time out to get a sense of our feelings about changes occurring in our lives, or to come to terms with other issues. We can often feel that our personal issues and challenges are not that big compared to other people's, however, if they are affecting your ability to live a fulfilled life then it is worth giving yourself space and time to process what is going on for you in your life through counselling.
01382 933116 View 01382 933116
Photo of Lindsay-Jo Sevier-Guy, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Lindsay-Jo Sevier-Guy
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Every person is different, which means every treatment will be different too. I provide a range of psychological therapies that will be tailored to meet your needs. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress (including work, academic, or general life stress), loss and bereavement, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes (e.g. birth, retirement, relationship ending), sexual difficulties, eating disorders, health anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and desire for personal development.
Every person is different, which means every treatment will be different too. I provide a range of psychological therapies that will be tailored to meet your needs. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds. Difficulties I work with include (but are not limited to): depression, anxiety, stress (including work, academic, or general life stress), loss and bereavement, panic, OCD, anger, trauma, life changes (e.g. birth, retirement, relationship ending), sexual difficulties, eating disorders, health anxiety, low self-esteem, relationship difficulties, and desire for personal development.
01382 797247 View 01382 797247
Photo of Lucy Paterson - String Psychology, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
String Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Online Only
Here at String Psychology, we explore and understand your knots with the aim of untangling them. Many of us come to therapy when we experience painful and difficult emotions that exist as knots in our hearts and minds, and in the relationships around us. I work with clients to explore and understand these knots to untangle them and think together about change.
Here at String Psychology, we explore and understand your knots with the aim of untangling them. Many of us come to therapy when we experience painful and difficult emotions that exist as knots in our hearts and minds, and in the relationships around us. I work with clients to explore and understand these knots to untangle them and think together about change.
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Photo of Joyce Cherry, MBACP, Counsellor
Joyce Cherry
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Where to begin? How do you choose the right person to work with you? If you want to work with someone who has their own lived experiences, someone who will not only listen without judgement, but will respect your choice to take it at your own speed, then,let's talk. I work with Adults, Children and Young People,using a variety of approaches which are trauma based, also support issues with Anxiety/Depression. I have experience working with Neurodivergent clients. Helping you to make changes in your life whatever the issue. I know it's hard,but you've taken the first step,let me walk with you now and see what we can do together.
Where to begin? How do you choose the right person to work with you? If you want to work with someone who has their own lived experiences, someone who will not only listen without judgement, but will respect your choice to take it at your own speed, then,let's talk. I work with Adults, Children and Young People,using a variety of approaches which are trauma based, also support issues with Anxiety/Depression. I have experience working with Neurodivergent clients. Helping you to make changes in your life whatever the issue. I know it's hard,but you've taken the first step,let me walk with you now and see what we can do together.
01382 919594 View 01382 919594
1

See more therapy options for DD1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in DD1

40+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in DD1 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
88% Depression
86% Stress
83% Relationship Issues
83% Self Esteem
71% Bereavement
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

56% Bupa
56% WPA
44% Cigna and Evernorth

How Counsellors in DD1 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in DD1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.