Counselling in Chelmsford

Photo of Diane Munday, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Diane Munday
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM2
Most clients that I see are suffering with anxiety, depression and stress. Most of this is caused by underlying issues such as low self-esteem, relationships issues and addiction to name a few. We're often aware of what our problems are but do not feel able to cope and need some support. Distressing situations and feelings can have such a destructive impact on our lives and therapy works by accepting your feelings, helping you to gain a different perspective, whilst challenging old negative beliefs; so you can move forward with a happier and healthier outlook on life.
Most clients that I see are suffering with anxiety, depression and stress. Most of this is caused by underlying issues such as low self-esteem, relationships issues and addiction to name a few. We're often aware of what our problems are but do not feel able to cope and need some support. Distressing situations and feelings can have such a destructive impact on our lives and therapy works by accepting your feelings, helping you to gain a different perspective, whilst challenging old negative beliefs; so you can move forward with a happier and healthier outlook on life.
01708 989896 View 01708 989896
Photo of Carol Townsend, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Carol Townsend
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM1
I try to make therapy as available to as many people as I possible can. The cost of therapy can be quite steep so I keep my prices as low as I can so that more can access it. Therapy is about getting to where you want to be by making your own unique road map, so that you can use it again in the future if need be. I'm an Addiction Psychologist by trade, with 18 years of private practise behind me, but a lot of my work is helping many different age groups with problems such as OCD and PTSD etc. Please feel free to contact me and we can have a chat to see if i can be any help to you.
I try to make therapy as available to as many people as I possible can. The cost of therapy can be quite steep so I keep my prices as low as I can so that more can access it. Therapy is about getting to where you want to be by making your own unique road map, so that you can use it again in the future if need be. I'm an Addiction Psychologist by trade, with 18 years of private practise behind me, but a lot of my work is helping many different age groups with problems such as OCD and PTSD etc. Please feel free to contact me and we can have a chat to see if i can be any help to you.
01245 950368 View 01245 950368
Photo of Mandy Rose, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Mandy Rose
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM2
Life throws up things that we don’t expect, testing our resilience and ability to overcome situations that are often not of our own making. Talking can be key in understanding your predicament and help you move forward. That old saying "a problem shared is a problem halved" really is true. Talking about a problem makes it seem less daunting or troubling. As a counsellor I can offer you that safe, secure place to talk and help you find the right way for you.
Life throws up things that we don’t expect, testing our resilience and ability to overcome situations that are often not of our own making. Talking can be key in understanding your predicament and help you move forward. That old saying "a problem shared is a problem halved" really is true. Talking about a problem makes it seem less daunting or troubling. As a counsellor I can offer you that safe, secure place to talk and help you find the right way for you.
01245 847038 View 01245 847038
Photo of Nicola Gilbey, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Nicola Gilbey
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM1
Life is difficult at the best of times but we are living through exceptional circumstances at the moment, which is creating stress and anxiety in many people. Where normally you could cope with issues, the pressure now is affecting people's emotional and mental health. If you can identify with this and feel you need some extra support in the way of counselling then please contact me. Together we can begin to explore your unique situation and whatever issue you feel you need support with. This will be at your pace, in a safe and secure environment and in a non-judgemental way. You will be treated with kindness, empathy and respect.
Life is difficult at the best of times but we are living through exceptional circumstances at the moment, which is creating stress and anxiety in many people. Where normally you could cope with issues, the pressure now is affecting people's emotional and mental health. If you can identify with this and feel you need some extra support in the way of counselling then please contact me. Together we can begin to explore your unique situation and whatever issue you feel you need support with. This will be at your pace, in a safe and secure environment and in a non-judgemental way. You will be treated with kindness, empathy and respect.
01245 945561 View 01245 945561
Photo of Dr Lara Lopes de Jesus, Psychologist in Chelmsford, England
Dr Lara Lopes de Jesus
Psychologist, PsychD, CPsychol
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM3
Contact me if you want to let go of dysfunctional relationship patterns, irrational beliefs and self-sabotaging behaviours, and want to replace them with a more positive, conscious and proactive mode of being that leads to greater happiness, wellness and success. I am an experienced Counselling Psychologist who offers therapy from my practice in North Chelmsford. I provide a supportive and constructive space for you to explore difficulties and challenges you may be experiencing.
Contact me if you want to let go of dysfunctional relationship patterns, irrational beliefs and self-sabotaging behaviours, and want to replace them with a more positive, conscious and proactive mode of being that leads to greater happiness, wellness and success. I am an experienced Counselling Psychologist who offers therapy from my practice in North Chelmsford. I provide a supportive and constructive space for you to explore difficulties and challenges you may be experiencing.
01245 945938 View 01245 945938
Photo of Amy Medlycott, Psychotherapist in Chelmsford, England
Amy Medlycott
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM3  (Online Only)
My name is Amy Medlycott, and I am a BABCP accredited CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) therapist and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) therapist based in Essex delivering therapy remotely. I am an experienced therapist having worked in the NHS supporting people with various anxiety disorders, depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Body Dysmorphia, phobias, and long-term physical health conditions such as IBS, Diabetes and Chronic Fatigue.
My name is Amy Medlycott, and I am a BABCP accredited CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) therapist and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) therapist based in Essex delivering therapy remotely. I am an experienced therapist having worked in the NHS supporting people with various anxiety disorders, depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Body Dysmorphia, phobias, and long-term physical health conditions such as IBS, Diabetes and Chronic Fatigue.
01621 738977 View 01621 738977
Photo of The Psychotherapeutic Counsellor, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
The Psychotherapeutic Counsellor
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM1
I work with many issues from anxiety & depression, to grief & loneliness. My specialities lie in relationships. This may be in the form of couples or marriage counselling or it may be an individual coming to therapy to talk about the key relationships in their lives. This could be past relationships, family, current relationships or maybe even future relationships? I will help you to understand your attachment style, communication on ways of relating to others. I will help you to see your life from many different angles and help you to challenge your own preconceived ideas of your limitations.
I work with many issues from anxiety & depression, to grief & loneliness. My specialities lie in relationships. This may be in the form of couples or marriage counselling or it may be an individual coming to therapy to talk about the key relationships in their lives. This could be past relationships, family, current relationships or maybe even future relationships? I will help you to understand your attachment style, communication on ways of relating to others. I will help you to see your life from many different angles and help you to challenge your own preconceived ideas of your limitations.
01245 945525 View 01245 945525
Photo of Blossom Therapeutic Services in Chelmsford, England
Blossom Therapeutic Services
MA
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM2
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist working with children, adolescents, adults and families. I offer a safe, judgement-free space for you to explore your experiences and feelings. It can be an ongoing issue that you or a young person has been suffering from, or, it may be a more recent concern. I am flexible and adaptable in my approach. I work with clients who have a wide range of experiences/difficulties, including; Sexual, Physical and Emotional Abuse, Anxiety & Depression, Suicide, Self-harm, Attachment difficulties, Addiction, Autism, Looked-After-Children, ADHD and Bereavement.
I am an Integrative Psychotherapist working with children, adolescents, adults and families. I offer a safe, judgement-free space for you to explore your experiences and feelings. It can be an ongoing issue that you or a young person has been suffering from, or, it may be a more recent concern. I am flexible and adaptable in my approach. I work with clients who have a wide range of experiences/difficulties, including; Sexual, Physical and Emotional Abuse, Anxiety & Depression, Suicide, Self-harm, Attachment difficulties, Addiction, Autism, Looked-After-Children, ADHD and Bereavement.
01245 950365 View 01245 950365
Photo of Anna Cann, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Anna Cann
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM2
Hello and welcome. Taking the first step to find the right person to talk to can take courage. Thank you for looking at my profile. I am a qualified integrative counsellor. At heart, this means offering a warm, empathic, non-judgmental and confidential space to explore any difficulties you are facing. Each client is unique and will work with me in a different way that best suits them. Counselling can be a chance to reflect on our past, to process our thoughts and feelings in the here and now, and ultimately to make choices that allow us to move forward into a future that is meaningful to us.
Hello and welcome. Taking the first step to find the right person to talk to can take courage. Thank you for looking at my profile. I am a qualified integrative counsellor. At heart, this means offering a warm, empathic, non-judgmental and confidential space to explore any difficulties you are facing. Each client is unique and will work with me in a different way that best suits them. Counselling can be a chance to reflect on our past, to process our thoughts and feelings in the here and now, and ultimately to make choices that allow us to move forward into a future that is meaningful to us.
01245 945979 View 01245 945979
Photo of Amy Wright, Psychotherapist in Chelmsford, England
Amy Wright
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM1
I have 20 years experience working within the NHS, 10 years as a registered Mental Health Nurse and 10 years as a CBT Therapist. As a CBT Therapist I have worked within Primary care, with Anxiety disorders including PTSD, Generalised Anxiety, OCD, Panic, Phobias and also mood disorders. Within secondary care I specialised working with individuals with severe and enduring mental health problems such as Psychosis and Bi Polar disorder. Due to my experience within mental health I am able to adapt to the needs of a wide range of people, offering a safe space to explore and help you work through your difficulties.
I have 20 years experience working within the NHS, 10 years as a registered Mental Health Nurse and 10 years as a CBT Therapist. As a CBT Therapist I have worked within Primary care, with Anxiety disorders including PTSD, Generalised Anxiety, OCD, Panic, Phobias and also mood disorders. Within secondary care I specialised working with individuals with severe and enduring mental health problems such as Psychosis and Bi Polar disorder. Due to my experience within mental health I am able to adapt to the needs of a wide range of people, offering a safe space to explore and help you work through your difficulties.
01245 950678 View 01245 950678
Photo of Counselling with Angela, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Counselling with Angela
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM3
It's OK to not be OK. Whatever you're going through, counselling can help. We all have a past, a present, and a future. Our past can affect our present and our present can affect our future. Whether your past is causing issues here and now, or if you are currently experiencing difficulties now that may affect your future, you are not alone. I am trained and qualified in various techniques and use an integrative approach - using a combination of techniques, tailored to meet the needs of each individual. This is the most effective way to get positive results.
It's OK to not be OK. Whatever you're going through, counselling can help. We all have a past, a present, and a future. Our past can affect our present and our present can affect our future. Whether your past is causing issues here and now, or if you are currently experiencing difficulties now that may affect your future, you are not alone. I am trained and qualified in various techniques and use an integrative approach - using a combination of techniques, tailored to meet the needs of each individual. This is the most effective way to get positive results.
01245 945281 View 01245 945281
Photo of Cherrytree Therapy, Psychotherapist in Chelmsford, England
Cherrytree Therapy
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chelmsford CM1
We all need someone to open up to in times of need but it’s not always possible to turn to those in our own lives.
We all need someone to open up to in times of need but it’s not always possible to turn to those in our own lives.
01245 945478 View 01245 945478
Photo of Leanne Pitts, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Leanne Pitts
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM1
As your counsellor, I'm here to give you the space and time to talk openly about your thoughts, feelings, history, and experiences. This can help us learn more about who you are and most importantly, how you can find more happiness and contentment in your life. I'll be by your side as we dig deeper into understanding yourself and figuring out what's getting in the way of your goals and dreams. I've helped many people dealing with prolonged anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, OCD, low self-esteem, disordered eating, feelings of self harm and suicide and with a focus on past trauma amongst other presentations.
As your counsellor, I'm here to give you the space and time to talk openly about your thoughts, feelings, history, and experiences. This can help us learn more about who you are and most importantly, how you can find more happiness and contentment in your life. I'll be by your side as we dig deeper into understanding yourself and figuring out what's getting in the way of your goals and dreams. I've helped many people dealing with prolonged anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, OCD, low self-esteem, disordered eating, feelings of self harm and suicide and with a focus on past trauma amongst other presentations.
01245 945553 View 01245 945553
Photo of Kerry Selvage, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Kerry Selvage
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM2
Hello, my name is Kerry Selvage and I am qualified in Counselling and Psychotherapy and have completed a Masters in Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have helped multiple clients through the use of counselling and I am also a registered member of the BACP (The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy). I have also worked a lot with children and young people in both mainstream and SEN as a teacher and support worker prior to and during my counselling training.
Hello, my name is Kerry Selvage and I am qualified in Counselling and Psychotherapy and have completed a Masters in Counselling and Psychotherapy. I have helped multiple clients through the use of counselling and I am also a registered member of the BACP (The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy). I have also worked a lot with children and young people in both mainstream and SEN as a teacher and support worker prior to and during my counselling training.
01245 945608 View 01245 945608
Photo of Jenny Wayne, Psychotherapist in Chelmsford, England
Jenny Wayne
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM1
I have over 30 years experience working with children and adolescents in various settings. I have worked on an adolescent inpatient unit at the Priory hospital, CAMHS, pupil referral units, youth offending and currently for Five River Childcare in fostering. I also run a private practice for children, adolescents, parents and adults alongside delivering training's to teachers, social workers and carers for local councils.
I have over 30 years experience working with children and adolescents in various settings. I have worked on an adolescent inpatient unit at the Priory hospital, CAMHS, pupil referral units, youth offending and currently for Five River Childcare in fostering. I also run a private practice for children, adolescents, parents and adults alongside delivering training's to teachers, social workers and carers for local councils.
01245 943110 View 01245 943110
Photo of Danielle Thorogood, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Danielle Thorogood
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM3
Are you looking for someone to talk to? I offer affordable & professional counselling. I can support you whilst using Person Centred, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Solution Focussed, Creative Therapy, & Hypnotherapy. Meaning sessions are tailored to your specific needs, as I believe there is no one size fits all and no two stories are ever the same.
Are you looking for someone to talk to? I offer affordable & professional counselling. I can support you whilst using Person Centred, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Solution Focussed, Creative Therapy, & Hypnotherapy. Meaning sessions are tailored to your specific needs, as I believe there is no one size fits all and no two stories are ever the same.
View
Photo of Ray's Therapy, Psychotherapist in Chelmsford, England
Ray's Therapy
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM1
My name is Pamela Raie, I am a counsellor working with many issues specialising in anxiety and relationships. The reason being, these two issues play a part in all the others predominantly. My passion is in all parts of mental health and my specialist areas cover a wide range, this makes my sessions in any area effective. I hold my sessions remotely, however face to face sessions are available in the Chelmsford radius. All my sessions are 1hour, nonjudgmental and confidential.
My name is Pamela Raie, I am a counsellor working with many issues specialising in anxiety and relationships. The reason being, these two issues play a part in all the others predominantly. My passion is in all parts of mental health and my specialist areas cover a wide range, this makes my sessions in any area effective. I hold my sessions remotely, however face to face sessions are available in the Chelmsford radius. All my sessions are 1hour, nonjudgmental and confidential.
01245 945459 View 01245 945459
Photo of The Willow Practice, Psychotherapist in Chelmsford, England
The Willow Practice
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM3
Fully qualified Psychotherapy and Counselling practice, specialising in Individual and Couple Therapy. We support clients to facilitate change, overcome distress and look at old patterns of behaviour. The sessions provided will enable you to understand and choose to think differently about your life and help you to alleviate stress, anxiety and so much more ............Qualifications and training are vital to show we abide by high standards of care and ability which are verified by MSc degree in Psychotherapy from Middlesex University (from 2003) as well being a Certified Transactional Analysis (4 years in training Est. 2007).
Fully qualified Psychotherapy and Counselling practice, specialising in Individual and Couple Therapy. We support clients to facilitate change, overcome distress and look at old patterns of behaviour. The sessions provided will enable you to understand and choose to think differently about your life and help you to alleviate stress, anxiety and so much more ............Qualifications and training are vital to show we abide by high standards of care and ability which are verified by MSc degree in Psychotherapy from Middlesex University (from 2003) as well being a Certified Transactional Analysis (4 years in training Est. 2007).
01245 673748 View 01245 673748
Photo of Ayfer Kamat, Counsellor in Chelmsford, England
Ayfer Kamat
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Chelmsford CM2
I am a qualified integrative counsellor and offer therapy to adults and young people (min. age 18). My core belief is that everyone is capable and deserving of positive change in their life. I am trained in a number of therapeutic modalities. I find that, just as each individual is unique, so too is the therapeutic experience. I am able to tailor these techniques to meet your individual needs. The therapeutic relationship is very much an alliance; one in which we can work collectively to explore your sense of self and empower you to gain the tools and awareness you need to make positive changes in your life.
I am a qualified integrative counsellor and offer therapy to adults and young people (min. age 18). My core belief is that everyone is capable and deserving of positive change in their life. I am trained in a number of therapeutic modalities. I find that, just as each individual is unique, so too is the therapeutic experience. I am able to tailor these techniques to meet your individual needs. The therapeutic relationship is very much an alliance; one in which we can work collectively to explore your sense of self and empower you to gain the tools and awareness you need to make positive changes in your life.
01245 967665 View 01245 967665
Photo of Karen Louise Hardy - Bachelor Of Arts With Honours First Class, Psychotherapist in Chelmsford, England
Karen Louise Hardy - Bachelor Of Arts With Honours First Class
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chelmsford CM3
Everyone is an individual who experiences life and the issues it throws, in very different ways. No 'one' sure way fits all - that is my Moto. We are individuals. Whatever anyone is feeling they shouldn't believe that they can "just cope" because everyone else seems to be doing ok. Its all relative! Depression/anxiety/stress/ lack of self worth and esteem are all problems in todays society and many suffer in silence. You don't need to. Often by talking and getting your problems out in the open is the first step to healing. Their voice to be heard and feelings to be listened to. Trust and the therapeutic relationship are key.
Everyone is an individual who experiences life and the issues it throws, in very different ways. No 'one' sure way fits all - that is my Moto. We are individuals. Whatever anyone is feeling they shouldn't believe that they can "just cope" because everyone else seems to be doing ok. Its all relative! Depression/anxiety/stress/ lack of self worth and esteem are all problems in todays society and many suffer in silence. You don't need to. Often by talking and getting your problems out in the open is the first step to healing. Their voice to be heard and feelings to be listened to. Trust and the therapeutic relationship are key.
01621 730627 View 01621 730627

See more therapy options for Chelmsford

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in Chelmsford

100+

Average cost per session

£50

Counsellors in Chelmsford who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
86% Depression
86% Self Esteem
84% Stress
76% Relationship Issues
68% Bereavement
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% Aviva
53% AXA PPP
43% Vitality

How Counsellors in Chelmsford see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in Chelmsford?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.