Photo of Daniel Richardson, BACP, Counsellor
Daniel Richardson
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cardiff CF14
Hello I am a qualified counsellor specialising in pluralistic practice. The pluralistic theory is an integrated approach meaning I am comfortable working in different types of therapy, such as person centred, CBT, and solution focused. The pluralistic approach believes that as human’s we are all unique, and therefore therapy should be tailored towards a client’s specific goals and needs, taking their individual experiences and preferences into account. I am passionate about this approach and believe therapy should be a collaborative effort where the client and counsellor work together towards achieving a shared aim.
Hello I am a qualified counsellor specialising in pluralistic practice. The pluralistic theory is an integrated approach meaning I am comfortable working in different types of therapy, such as person centred, CBT, and solution focused. The pluralistic approach believes that as human’s we are all unique, and therefore therapy should be tailored towards a client’s specific goals and needs, taking their individual experiences and preferences into account. I am passionate about this approach and believe therapy should be a collaborative effort where the client and counsellor work together towards achieving a shared aim.
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Photo of Louise Duggan, MBACP, Counsellor
Louise Duggan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
Are you feeling lonely, isolated, depressed, anxious or have thoughts of suicide? Have you experienced an event such as bereavement, loss of a job or the end of a relationship? Is your self esteem or confidence low? Do you feel trapped in a situation and see no way out? Are you a parent/carer and feel alone or that no one understands? I offer counselling to help you explore your feelings safely and without judgement. I specialise in anxiety and depression, self esteem, loss and change and parenting/caring, I also have professional and personal knowledge and understanding of Autism, ADHD and PDA.
Are you feeling lonely, isolated, depressed, anxious or have thoughts of suicide? Have you experienced an event such as bereavement, loss of a job or the end of a relationship? Is your self esteem or confidence low? Do you feel trapped in a situation and see no way out? Are you a parent/carer and feel alone or that no one understands? I offer counselling to help you explore your feelings safely and without judgement. I specialise in anxiety and depression, self esteem, loss and change and parenting/caring, I also have professional and personal knowledge and understanding of Autism, ADHD and PDA.
029 2271 0028 View 029 2271 0028
Photo of Jeremy Young, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Jeremy Young
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
At certain life stages we may experience anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, feelings of a loss or meaningless, loss of direction or purpose, or difficulty with building meaningful relationships. I will work with you to identify what these symptoms mean and how they may be pointing you to discover a deeper sense of self. My approach is integrative and allows for self-discovery. My methodology offers focus, allowing you to explore and connect to a truer sense of who you are. I encourage you to develop a sense of curiosity to understand yourself more profoundly. We will work together, to support your needs.
At certain life stages we may experience anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, feelings of a loss or meaningless, loss of direction or purpose, or difficulty with building meaningful relationships. I will work with you to identify what these symptoms mean and how they may be pointing you to discover a deeper sense of self. My approach is integrative and allows for self-discovery. My methodology offers focus, allowing you to explore and connect to a truer sense of who you are. I encourage you to develop a sense of curiosity to understand yourself more profoundly. We will work together, to support your needs.
01446 501473 View 01446 501473
Photo of Inge Deane, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Inge Deane
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
It can be a very daunting experience trying to find a counsellor. You may have several questions and possibly not be sure if counselling is for you. Talking to a professional can help. My name is Inge, I am a qualified counsellor and I offer an empathetic space for you to explore what is causing you distress, so you can move through your counselling journey at a pace that is comfortable for you. I adopt a person led approach whereby I work with you by continually discussing how the direction your counselling journey is progressing and if it is having the desired effect you had hoped for.
It can be a very daunting experience trying to find a counsellor. You may have several questions and possibly not be sure if counselling is for you. Talking to a professional can help. My name is Inge, I am a qualified counsellor and I offer an empathetic space for you to explore what is causing you distress, so you can move through your counselling journey at a pace that is comfortable for you. I adopt a person led approach whereby I work with you by continually discussing how the direction your counselling journey is progressing and if it is having the desired effect you had hoped for.
01446 501242 View 01446 501242
Photo of Dr Elinor MacCormac, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Elinor MacCormac
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cardiff CF14
Waitlist for new clients
I am particularly passionate about working with people who experience low self-esteem or feelings of shame and inadequacy, and to manage the impact of trauma/PTSD. I understand how devastating these feelings and experiences can be and I use a compassionate and trauma-informed perspective to understand and support my clients. I am experienced and passionate about gender and any related challenges and can offer a safe space to consider, discuss and explore gender and trans issues.
I am particularly passionate about working with people who experience low self-esteem or feelings of shame and inadequacy, and to manage the impact of trauma/PTSD. I understand how devastating these feelings and experiences can be and I use a compassionate and trauma-informed perspective to understand and support my clients. I am experienced and passionate about gender and any related challenges and can offer a safe space to consider, discuss and explore gender and trans issues.
01446 509847 View 01446 509847
Photo of Liz Brotherton, MBACP, Counsellor
Liz Brotherton
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
I can offer couples a safe space to explore whatever it is that's troubling you. The way I work is to look at your difficulties as an issue in the relationship between two people. I hold hope that a couple can gain new perspectives about each other and enhance the understanding of each others hidden unmet needs- often stemming from childhood. Whether that be to find a new understanding of being together, or to end the relationship well.
I can offer couples a safe space to explore whatever it is that's troubling you. The way I work is to look at your difficulties as an issue in the relationship between two people. I hold hope that a couple can gain new perspectives about each other and enhance the understanding of each others hidden unmet needs- often stemming from childhood. Whether that be to find a new understanding of being together, or to end the relationship well.
029 2271 0168 View 029 2271 0168
Photo of Lee Jonathan Priday, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Lee Jonathan Priday
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Mental health difficulties can leave us feeling rejected, isolated and alone. This is a hard cycle to break, because we tend to manage our problems in ways that leave us feeling even worse. This is all part of being human. It affects our relationships, our sense of self and our ability to function on a day-to-day basis. It is at times like this that we need support. Someone who can help us to view our problems through a different lens and can help us develop the tools we need to break the cycle. Many people find that therapy is the key to managing their difficulties whilst leading more meaningful lives.
Mental health difficulties can leave us feeling rejected, isolated and alone. This is a hard cycle to break, because we tend to manage our problems in ways that leave us feeling even worse. This is all part of being human. It affects our relationships, our sense of self and our ability to function on a day-to-day basis. It is at times like this that we need support. Someone who can help us to view our problems through a different lens and can help us develop the tools we need to break the cycle. Many people find that therapy is the key to managing their difficulties whilst leading more meaningful lives.
029 2271 2210 View 029 2271 2210
Photo of Julia Anne Shearn, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Julia Anne Shearn
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Hello I am a professionally qualified BACP accredited counsellor and psychotherapist with over 20 years of counselling experience. I draw from CBT, humanistic approaches and solution focused therapy. I offer a space where there is respect, warm understanding and sensitive encouragement to explore problems and to develop new ways of coping. Our first session would be an opportunity to look at what issues are concerning you and to see how we can work together. If you then decide you would like to continue, we can arrange to meet again.
Hello I am a professionally qualified BACP accredited counsellor and psychotherapist with over 20 years of counselling experience. I draw from CBT, humanistic approaches and solution focused therapy. I offer a space where there is respect, warm understanding and sensitive encouragement to explore problems and to develop new ways of coping. Our first session would be an opportunity to look at what issues are concerning you and to see how we can work together. If you then decide you would like to continue, we can arrange to meet again.
029 2271 1593 View 029 2271 1593
Photo of Nick Shepley, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Nick Shepley
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
Working through how you feel, coping with anxiety, depression or a harmful behaviour can be one of the biggest challenges any of us face. I help people struggling with how they feel overcome overwhelming emotions and harmful coping behaviour in a safe, supportive therapeutic environment. I do this through building a strong therapeutic relationship and supporting you to find your solutions through exploring your story together. If you want to make changes in your life, deal with stress, burnout, addiction, depression or just explore what's holding you back, I am here to help.
Working through how you feel, coping with anxiety, depression or a harmful behaviour can be one of the biggest challenges any of us face. I help people struggling with how they feel overcome overwhelming emotions and harmful coping behaviour in a safe, supportive therapeutic environment. I do this through building a strong therapeutic relationship and supporting you to find your solutions through exploring your story together. If you want to make changes in your life, deal with stress, burnout, addiction, depression or just explore what's holding you back, I am here to help.
029 2271 0070 View 029 2271 0070
Photo of Stephen Martin, MBACP, Counsellor
Stephen Martin
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cardiff CF14
All clients are different. I look to adapt to everyone I meet and am an open person who someone can talk through their issues with. Looking at who you are, how your world is structured and the ifs, wants and needs are all very important in looking to move forward in your life. There is no perfect life, but there is a better life you can understand and work with in going forward.
All clients are different. I look to adapt to everyone I meet and am an open person who someone can talk through their issues with. Looking at who you are, how your world is structured and the ifs, wants and needs are all very important in looking to move forward in your life. There is no perfect life, but there is a better life you can understand and work with in going forward.
01443 803615 View 01443 803615
Photo of Kath Marie Hudd - KHCounselling, MSc, BACP, Counsellor
KHCounselling
Counsellor, MSc, BACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Hello and welcome, my name is Kath, and I am a qualified, trauma informed, person-centred Counsellor. At times we all face challenges and counselling can help if you are feeling overwhelmed or stuck, and it can help to talk to someone without any emotional attachment. Day to day life can bring with it challenges, which may leave you feeling stressed, low or anxious and this can impact on relationships, school, work and life in general. I can offer you a confidential safe space and time to explore whatever issues that you would like to bring, and open the chance to change, enabling you to live life as you wish to.
Hello and welcome, my name is Kath, and I am a qualified, trauma informed, person-centred Counsellor. At times we all face challenges and counselling can help if you are feeling overwhelmed or stuck, and it can help to talk to someone without any emotional attachment. Day to day life can bring with it challenges, which may leave you feeling stressed, low or anxious and this can impact on relationships, school, work and life in general. I can offer you a confidential safe space and time to explore whatever issues that you would like to bring, and open the chance to change, enabling you to live life as you wish to.
01446 500786 View 01446 500786
Photo of Abbie Hendy, MA, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Abbie Hendy
Psychotherapist, MA, MBABCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm Abbie. I'm an accredited psychotherapist, with over a decade of experience in the NHS, not for profit and private sectors. You may be looking to discover healthier coping mechanisms and gain deeper insights into yourself, yet feel unsure how to elicit change or better understand your difficulties. You might be experiencing a low mood that feels hard to break out of or are struggling to turn the volume down on anxious thoughts. Or maybe you have experienced painful past experiences that are disrupting your ability to fully live in the present.
Hi, I'm Abbie. I'm an accredited psychotherapist, with over a decade of experience in the NHS, not for profit and private sectors. You may be looking to discover healthier coping mechanisms and gain deeper insights into yourself, yet feel unsure how to elicit change or better understand your difficulties. You might be experiencing a low mood that feels hard to break out of or are struggling to turn the volume down on anxious thoughts. Or maybe you have experienced painful past experiences that are disrupting your ability to fully live in the present.
01443 801298 View 01443 801298
Photo of Dr Steve Stirk, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Steve Stirk
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Hello and welcome! I'm an experienced clinical psychologist working both within the NHS and private practice. I offer assessment and therapy for children and adults experiencing a wide range of difficulties such as trauma and PTSD, stress, anxiety, and low mood to name just a few. My practice draws on a range of evidence-based psychological approaches to ensure the therapy best meets your needs.
Hello and welcome! I'm an experienced clinical psychologist working both within the NHS and private practice. I offer assessment and therapy for children and adults experiencing a wide range of difficulties such as trauma and PTSD, stress, anxiety, and low mood to name just a few. My practice draws on a range of evidence-based psychological approaches to ensure the therapy best meets your needs.
01446 501486 View 01446 501486
Photo of Dawid Bogon, MSc, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Dawid Bogon
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Hello! My name is Dawid. I am a CBT therapist. My photo was taken in Cornwall. As you can see I enjoy being in nature (look at that smile). I can walk on cliffs for miles, this really relaxes me. I want you to feel the same and support your wellbeing. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a talking therapy where we work together to recognise and challenge unhelpful thoughts and behaviours which may be causing you difficulties. We would set achievable goals for future sessions and the final destination of where you would like to be. CBT is short-term. Once you learn some new useful skills you become then your own therapist!
Hello! My name is Dawid. I am a CBT therapist. My photo was taken in Cornwall. As you can see I enjoy being in nature (look at that smile). I can walk on cliffs for miles, this really relaxes me. I want you to feel the same and support your wellbeing. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a talking therapy where we work together to recognise and challenge unhelpful thoughts and behaviours which may be causing you difficulties. We would set achievable goals for future sessions and the final destination of where you would like to be. CBT is short-term. Once you learn some new useful skills you become then your own therapist!
029 2267 0622 View 029 2267 0622
Photo of Dr Ella Rafferty, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Ella Rafferty
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
The clients I work with are elite performers dedicated to excelling in their field, whether it be sport, the arts, business, or high-stakes industry. They are committed to personal & professional growth, seeking to harness their full potential while maintaining emotional well-being. These individuals are ambitious & open to exploring all aspects of themselves to achieve sustained excellence. They understand the value of psychological support in navigating the pressures of top-level performance & I often become part of their ‘team’ when they are seeking to engage in a transformative process to enhance resilience, creativity & success
The clients I work with are elite performers dedicated to excelling in their field, whether it be sport, the arts, business, or high-stakes industry. They are committed to personal & professional growth, seeking to harness their full potential while maintaining emotional well-being. These individuals are ambitious & open to exploring all aspects of themselves to achieve sustained excellence. They understand the value of psychological support in navigating the pressures of top-level performance & I often become part of their ‘team’ when they are seeking to engage in a transformative process to enhance resilience, creativity & success
01446 506681 View 01446 506681
Photo of Ruth Millauer, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Ruth Millauer
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
I am a BABCP accredited CBT therapist specialising in helping people with OCD. I have experience in working with the various forms of OCD including what is sometimes called "Pure O". In addition to CBT for OCD I also offer therapy for other anxiety related problems, including social anxiety and panic attacks, or other issues like low self-esteem.
I am a BABCP accredited CBT therapist specialising in helping people with OCD. I have experience in working with the various forms of OCD including what is sometimes called "Pure O". In addition to CBT for OCD I also offer therapy for other anxiety related problems, including social anxiety and panic attacks, or other issues like low self-esteem.
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Photo of Liz May Hood - Woodland Counselling for Couples and Individuals, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Woodland Counselling for Couples and Individuals
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
I have trained as an integrative counsellor, and believe that therapy can help us evolve from surviving to thriving. I became a counsellor for many reasons, but fundamentally because of the powerful way in which counselling can help you take back control of your life story; tomorrow does not have to be like yesterday. I can offer you a calm space to explore what feels safe to you until you are ready and I will not make assumptions about the individual struggles you are going through. I work with the full belief that it is possible to find a way through your experiences and re-gain that sense of who you are.
I have trained as an integrative counsellor, and believe that therapy can help us evolve from surviving to thriving. I became a counsellor for many reasons, but fundamentally because of the powerful way in which counselling can help you take back control of your life story; tomorrow does not have to be like yesterday. I can offer you a calm space to explore what feels safe to you until you are ready and I will not make assumptions about the individual struggles you are going through. I work with the full belief that it is possible to find a way through your experiences and re-gain that sense of who you are.
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Photo of Becca Page, MA, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Becca Page
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
Having the space to share your story and have a therapist help you to make sense of what has shaped you can help you gain new perspectives and move towards where you want to be. I have a particular interest in childhood trauma and helping people overcome learned behaviours that no longer serve them, and instead might be hurting their current relationships.
Having the space to share your story and have a therapist help you to make sense of what has shaped you can help you gain new perspectives and move towards where you want to be. I have a particular interest in childhood trauma and helping people overcome learned behaviours that no longer serve them, and instead might be hurting their current relationships.
01446 501411 View 01446 501411
Photo of Jennifer Campbell Kirk - Child & Adolescent Mental Health Therapist online, Psychotherapist
Child & Adolescent Mental Health Therapist online
Psychotherapist
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14  (Online Only)
Hello, welcome. I can imagine how difficult it must be searching through the profiles trying to find the right therapist. Making the decision to seek help for your child/grandchild is a brave one and sometimes it can be difficult. I have been told by clients that I am calm, warm, welcoming, and approachable; and can put them at ease. I am a Child and Adolescent Therapist who specialises in 7-18 years olds who until recently worked in CAMHS for the NHS for over six years. I decided to work in private practice after seeing so many children whom I could help turned away by CAMHS or who were waiting a long time to get help.
Hello, welcome. I can imagine how difficult it must be searching through the profiles trying to find the right therapist. Making the decision to seek help for your child/grandchild is a brave one and sometimes it can be difficult. I have been told by clients that I am calm, warm, welcoming, and approachable; and can put them at ease. I am a Child and Adolescent Therapist who specialises in 7-18 years olds who until recently worked in CAMHS for the NHS for over six years. I decided to work in private practice after seeing so many children whom I could help turned away by CAMHS or who were waiting a long time to get help.
029 2010 4835 View 029 2010 4835
Photo of El Davis, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
El Davis
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
Cardiff CF14
Hello! I’m El, a UKCP accredited psychotherapist. I offer a welcoming and confidential space for you to explore whatever is happening in your life and support you to face difficult circumstances, challenges and transitions. Our sessions are tailor made to suit your personal circumstances. Together we will use a mixture of techniques that can include talking and paying attention to the body. You will have the chance to gain new understanding and awareness by working with your dreams, body and world experiences, relationships and the impact of your social context.
Hello! I’m El, a UKCP accredited psychotherapist. I offer a welcoming and confidential space for you to explore whatever is happening in your life and support you to face difficult circumstances, challenges and transitions. Our sessions are tailor made to suit your personal circumstances. Together we will use a mixture of techniques that can include talking and paying attention to the body. You will have the chance to gain new understanding and awareness by working with your dreams, body and world experiences, relationships and the impact of your social context.
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See more therapy options for CF14

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in CF14

60+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in CF14 who prioritize treating:

89% Depression
89% Anxiety
82% Stress
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
61% Relationship Issues
58% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% WPA
60% Aviva
50% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in CF14 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

64% Female
33% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in CF14?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.