Photo of Andrea Montgomery, BACP, Counsellor
Andrea Montgomery
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
My name is Andrea, and I understand the profound impact of grief and loss. It can be very isolating and it can bring up a myriad of emotions such as guilt, regret, anger, desperation and helplessness. Is your loss affecting your relationship, your career, your desire to be with friends, your ability to see a future for yourself or to do the things you once loved to do? Are you experiencing anxiety for the first time, re-living events over and over in your head? You are probably not sleeping or eating very well either. These are all very common issues to experience after a loss or bereavement.
My name is Andrea, and I understand the profound impact of grief and loss. It can be very isolating and it can bring up a myriad of emotions such as guilt, regret, anger, desperation and helplessness. Is your loss affecting your relationship, your career, your desire to be with friends, your ability to see a future for yourself or to do the things you once loved to do? Are you experiencing anxiety for the first time, re-living events over and over in your head? You are probably not sleeping or eating very well either. These are all very common issues to experience after a loss or bereavement.
028 9692 8258 View 028 9692 8258
Photo of Roisin McKernan, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Roisin McKernan
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
I have a wealth of experience in working with both adults and post primary school children/adolescents. I work with a wide range of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma (including issues from childhood), bereavement, low self esteem, relationship issues and others. My role is to truly listen without judgment and with empathy and understanding. My priority is to build a trusting relationship with you to allow you to you feel relaxed and safe, in a place where you can explore your issues at your own pace. Everyone has the ability within themselves to find a sense of well-being, and with my support and expertise you can do that.
I have a wealth of experience in working with both adults and post primary school children/adolescents. I work with a wide range of issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma (including issues from childhood), bereavement, low self esteem, relationship issues and others. My role is to truly listen without judgment and with empathy and understanding. My priority is to build a trusting relationship with you to allow you to you feel relaxed and safe, in a place where you can explore your issues at your own pace. Everyone has the ability within themselves to find a sense of well-being, and with my support and expertise you can do that.
07480 790278 View 07480 790278
Photo of Raymond Murphy, MBACP, Counsellor
Raymond Murphy
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I have experience with working with various issues in clients aged 18+. I specialise in working with self-esteem issues, anxiety, depression and addiction. Taking the step in coming to counselling can often be a daunting one. As a counsellor I try to provide a welcoming, warm environment for my clients to feel safe in. I believe that every session is about the client and for the client. as such I will do my upmost to tailor the sessions to you and your needs.
I have experience with working with various issues in clients aged 18+. I specialise in working with self-esteem issues, anxiety, depression and addiction. Taking the step in coming to counselling can often be a daunting one. As a counsellor I try to provide a welcoming, warm environment for my clients to feel safe in. I believe that every session is about the client and for the client. as such I will do my upmost to tailor the sessions to you and your needs.
028 9694 3926 View 028 9694 3926
Photo of Pauline Mulgrew - Rosebud Therapies , MBACP, Counsellor
Rosebud Therapies
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
At Rosebud Therapies, not only am I an integrative counsellor, I am also a fully trained holistic therapist. I use my expertise to work and support my clients in a holistic approach. I am passionate in working to ensure all individuals become ‘the best they can be’. I specialise in working with adults, especially women to empower and support them through bereavement, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, addictions, parenting, low self-esteem and confidence. I have been volunteering with a women’s charity for the last 5 years. I am CRUSE trained (Bereavement) and also volunteered with Save our Sons and Daughters (SOSAD) Drogheda.
At Rosebud Therapies, not only am I an integrative counsellor, I am also a fully trained holistic therapist. I use my expertise to work and support my clients in a holistic approach. I am passionate in working to ensure all individuals become ‘the best they can be’. I specialise in working with adults, especially women to empower and support them through bereavement, depression, anxiety, panic attacks, addictions, parenting, low self-esteem and confidence. I have been volunteering with a women’s charity for the last 5 years. I am CRUSE trained (Bereavement) and also volunteered with Save our Sons and Daughters (SOSAD) Drogheda.
028 9124 2279 View 028 9124 2279
Photo of Daniel Whitelaw, MBACP, Counsellor
Daniel Whitelaw
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello, thanks for taking a look at my page I am a dedicated Therapist with many years of experience in providing support to individuals navigating life’s challenges. I am a registered member of BACP. I endeavour to improve mental wellness within a vast range of mental illness. Currently I work mainly through an integrative approach as it is my belief that the more tools a therapist has in their arsenal, the larger the potential for positive outcomes. The therapeutic alliance is of paramount importance to me with each client I work with as I believe this is the most effective way to inspire change.
Hello, thanks for taking a look at my page I am a dedicated Therapist with many years of experience in providing support to individuals navigating life’s challenges. I am a registered member of BACP. I endeavour to improve mental wellness within a vast range of mental illness. Currently I work mainly through an integrative approach as it is my belief that the more tools a therapist has in their arsenal, the larger the potential for positive outcomes. The therapeutic alliance is of paramount importance to me with each client I work with as I believe this is the most effective way to inspire change.
028 9124 4280 View 028 9124 4280
Photo of Kim McFarland, MBACP, Counsellor
Kim McFarland
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
With over 26 years professional working experience within the social care & community sectors I can confidently and compassionately offer support to adults, children or couples. Confidentiality is paramount at Kim McFarland Counselling, helping clients feel comfortable and at ease. I provide a tailored approach to each individuals needs, helping you to set the pace for whatever you would like to work on together. I offer a safe, non-judgmental environment in which to build a therapeutic relationship with you through mutual respect and compassion maximizing the effectiveness of our time together.
With over 26 years professional working experience within the social care & community sectors I can confidently and compassionately offer support to adults, children or couples. Confidentiality is paramount at Kim McFarland Counselling, helping clients feel comfortable and at ease. I provide a tailored approach to each individuals needs, helping you to set the pace for whatever you would like to work on together. I offer a safe, non-judgmental environment in which to build a therapeutic relationship with you through mutual respect and compassion maximizing the effectiveness of our time together.
028 9694 3824 View 028 9694 3824
Photo of Shauna McConville - Empowering Change Counselling, DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Empowering Change Counselling
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
Welcome to Empowering Change Counselling Private Practice. My name is Shauna and I work with children, adults and couples. As an integrated counsellor I tailor my approach to each client’s individual need and situation. I offer a range of support in a safe, non-judgemental and confidential space. I focus on building a therapeutic relationship through respect and compassion to maximise the effectiveness of our work together. Working at the client’s pace is essential. My belief is that every individual has the capability of changing their situation/ thoughts and with a warm, supportive environment this is possible.
Welcome to Empowering Change Counselling Private Practice. My name is Shauna and I work with children, adults and couples. As an integrated counsellor I tailor my approach to each client’s individual need and situation. I offer a range of support in a safe, non-judgemental and confidential space. I focus on building a therapeutic relationship through respect and compassion to maximise the effectiveness of our work together. Working at the client’s pace is essential. My belief is that every individual has the capability of changing their situation/ thoughts and with a warm, supportive environment this is possible.
028 9694 3755 View 028 9694 3755
Photo of Catherine Cassells, MBACP, Counsellor
Catherine Cassells
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
My style of counselling is Integrative. What this means is I base my style on the core conditions of Person-Centred Approach and I complement it with techniques from Humanistic theories, Psychodynamic theories and CBT. Depending on your presenting issues, I can utilise these theories and counselling models, to ensure each session is personalised with you & for you, making it completely client centred.
My style of counselling is Integrative. What this means is I base my style on the core conditions of Person-Centred Approach and I complement it with techniques from Humanistic theories, Psychodynamic theories and CBT. Depending on your presenting issues, I can utilise these theories and counselling models, to ensure each session is personalised with you & for you, making it completely client centred.
028 9124 2047 View 028 9124 2047
Photo of Majella Connolly, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Majella Connolly
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Difficult experiences can happen to anyone at any time in their lives. Sometimes these circumstances can impact in many ways immediately, weeks, months or even years later. Counselling can aid your recovery from this impact. I have been counselling clients across Northern Ireland from 2020 & have over 30 years experience working with all age groups in my previous career as a nurse. I counsel individual children from age 8 years, teens, adults & elders & couples in person, online & on the telephone. My practice has free onsite parking & is between Armagh & Dungannon, is 10 mins from the M1/A29 & 20mins from the A4 bypass.
Difficult experiences can happen to anyone at any time in their lives. Sometimes these circumstances can impact in many ways immediately, weeks, months or even years later. Counselling can aid your recovery from this impact. I have been counselling clients across Northern Ireland from 2020 & have over 30 years experience working with all age groups in my previous career as a nurse. I counsel individual children from age 8 years, teens, adults & elders & couples in person, online & on the telephone. My practice has free onsite parking & is between Armagh & Dungannon, is 10 mins from the M1/A29 & 20mins from the A4 bypass.
028 3829 8067 View 028 3829 8067
Photo of Roisin Odea - The Listening Room, BACP, Counsellor
The Listening Room
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
People seek counselling for a variety of reasons, each deeply personal and unique to their experiences and needs. Maybe it’s to address specific concerns such as depression, anxiety, PTSD. It can aid young people's development and emotional health. Addressing early childhood trauma can impact one's ability to live a healthier, more fulfilling life. Often as a new Mum, you can be faced with a range of changes and challenges that may feel overwhelming. This can often be compounded by a traumatic birth experience which is so often not discussed and thus exasperating the sense of loneliness and isolation.
People seek counselling for a variety of reasons, each deeply personal and unique to their experiences and needs. Maybe it’s to address specific concerns such as depression, anxiety, PTSD. It can aid young people's development and emotional health. Addressing early childhood trauma can impact one's ability to live a healthier, more fulfilling life. Often as a new Mum, you can be faced with a range of changes and challenges that may feel overwhelming. This can often be compounded by a traumatic birth experience which is so often not discussed and thus exasperating the sense of loneliness and isolation.
028 9694 3772 View 028 9694 3772
Photo of Heal To Wellness, MBACP, Counsellor
Heal To Wellness
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hi, my name is Kathy. I have experience working with a wide range of issues, particularly anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction and grief. I have a profound passion for working with young people aged 11 to 18 years old, as I'm also a Youth Worker.
Hi, my name is Kathy. I have experience working with a wide range of issues, particularly anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, addiction and grief. I have a profound passion for working with young people aged 11 to 18 years old, as I'm also a Youth Worker.
028 9694 3198 View 028 9694 3198
Photo of Joseph Coney, MSc, MBACP Snr. Accred, Psychotherapist
Joseph Coney
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
As a senior member of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy and a Fellow of the National Counselling Society my primary aim is to ensure my clients feel safe. Trained to Masters level in Counselling & Psychotherapy for over 20 years, clients can be sure of a professional confidential and ethical service. At any one time, I provide counselling training to approximately 50 counsellors training to degree level, therefore drawing on a wide array of experience. My main areas of expertise are suicide, trauma, and addiction, with particular interest and vast experience in working with couples with relationship problems.
As a senior member of the British Association for Counselling & Psychotherapy and a Fellow of the National Counselling Society my primary aim is to ensure my clients feel safe. Trained to Masters level in Counselling & Psychotherapy for over 20 years, clients can be sure of a professional confidential and ethical service. At any one time, I provide counselling training to approximately 50 counsellors training to degree level, therefore drawing on a wide array of experience. My main areas of expertise are suicide, trauma, and addiction, with particular interest and vast experience in working with couples with relationship problems.
028 9124 8302 View 028 9124 8302
Photo of Sinead Nixon, MA, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Sinead Nixon
Counsellor, MA, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Hello my name is Sinead, and I'm a fully accredited BACP integrative counsellor/Psychotherapist. I work humanistic, psychodynamic, and CBT. These approaches in sessions will help you to get the best chance. When addressing any problematic situations that have proven difficult for you to manage. I currently work for the Belfast Trust as an addiction counsellor , something I am truly passionate about. I also work for SHIP Southern Trust seeing young kids and adult's who struggle with selfharm . My private practice offers hope in a warm, safe and non- judgmental space for you to be heard with empathy, respect ,and integrity.
Hello my name is Sinead, and I'm a fully accredited BACP integrative counsellor/Psychotherapist. I work humanistic, psychodynamic, and CBT. These approaches in sessions will help you to get the best chance. When addressing any problematic situations that have proven difficult for you to manage. I currently work for the Belfast Trust as an addiction counsellor , something I am truly passionate about. I also work for SHIP Southern Trust seeing young kids and adult's who struggle with selfharm . My private practice offers hope in a warm, safe and non- judgmental space for you to be heard with empathy, respect ,and integrity.
028 3829 8073 View 028 3829 8073
Photo of Amanda Canavan, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Amanda Canavan
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
I am an experienced Psychotherapist dedicated to providing a safe and supportive environment for post primary school children and adults seeking help. I work with a wide range of issues, with a particular interest in, trauma, anxiety, depression and low self-worth. My approach involves empathy, active listening, and a commitment to help navigate life's challenges, and achieve personal growth.
I am an experienced Psychotherapist dedicated to providing a safe and supportive environment for post primary school children and adults seeking help. I work with a wide range of issues, with a particular interest in, trauma, anxiety, depression and low self-worth. My approach involves empathy, active listening, and a commitment to help navigate life's challenges, and achieve personal growth.
07723 579484 View 07723 579484
Photo of Claire McGleenan, MBACP, Counsellor
Claire McGleenan
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Asking for help is one of the hardest things to do. By reading this, you've already achieved something amazing to start your journey. I'm experienced working with all different age groups, from children to adults. No issue is too big or too small to take the time to understand your healing journey in a safe and confidential space. I'm experienced working with with anxiety, depression, low mood, self esteem issues, bullying, bereavement/loss to name a few. I offer a relaxed counselling experience, within a warm and comfortable environment. Why not send an email today so we can work together to help make sense of your situation.
Asking for help is one of the hardest things to do. By reading this, you've already achieved something amazing to start your journey. I'm experienced working with all different age groups, from children to adults. No issue is too big or too small to take the time to understand your healing journey in a safe and confidential space. I'm experienced working with with anxiety, depression, low mood, self esteem issues, bullying, bereavement/loss to name a few. I offer a relaxed counselling experience, within a warm and comfortable environment. Why not send an email today so we can work together to help make sense of your situation.
028 9163 8625 View 028 9163 8625
Photo of Maria Jukes - Mind Journey UK, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Mind Journey UK
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
We offer a client focused non-judgemental confidential service with caring, experienced and fully qualified therapists. We work with both adults and children. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, specific phobia, worry, addiction or trauma related problems, we can help you. Maria J is a dual qualified nurse with 35 years experience working in the NHS and private practice with both young people and adults experiencing a wide range of mental health difficulties. Mind Journey UK also provides individual, corporate and occupational stress control and training for businesses as well as providing court reports for solicitors.
We offer a client focused non-judgemental confidential service with caring, experienced and fully qualified therapists. We work with both adults and children. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, specific phobia, worry, addiction or trauma related problems, we can help you. Maria J is a dual qualified nurse with 35 years experience working in the NHS and private practice with both young people and adults experiencing a wide range of mental health difficulties. Mind Journey UK also provides individual, corporate and occupational stress control and training for businesses as well as providing court reports for solicitors.
028 9694 3866 View 028 9694 3866
Photo of Michael O'Neill, MBACP, Counsellor
Michael O'Neill
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
I have experience working with clients with various issues, I particularly enjoy working with clients experiencing difficulties with self-esteem, anxiety, addiction, trauma and relationship issues. I have found great satisfaction working with men's issues and sexuality I have lots of experience working with men and women in their late teens to early 40s. Clients are normally nervous coming to counselling and I endeavour to create a non-judmental and relaxed environment for you to explore your issues and find solutions that suit you and your lifestyle best.
I have experience working with clients with various issues, I particularly enjoy working with clients experiencing difficulties with self-esteem, anxiety, addiction, trauma and relationship issues. I have found great satisfaction working with men's issues and sexuality I have lots of experience working with men and women in their late teens to early 40s. Clients are normally nervous coming to counselling and I endeavour to create a non-judmental and relaxed environment for you to explore your issues and find solutions that suit you and your lifestyle best.
07401 714792 View 07401 714792
Photo of Janette Potts - The Therapy Garden Room, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
The Therapy Garden Room
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Life can be difficult, If you would like help to face your problems, and live a more fulfilling, happier life then give me a ring. It just takes that one step to realize your goals and reach for your full potential. I will walk alongside you, with patience, empathy, and care to enable this to happen. Life is better when we shake off the past, face our problems and live more fully in the present. Let me help you to work it all out.
Life can be difficult, If you would like help to face your problems, and live a more fulfilling, happier life then give me a ring. It just takes that one step to realize your goals and reach for your full potential. I will walk alongside you, with patience, empathy, and care to enable this to happen. Life is better when we shake off the past, face our problems and live more fully in the present. Let me help you to work it all out.
028 9124 8957 View 028 9124 8957
Photo of Denise Veronica McNally, GMBPsS
Denise Veronica McNally
GMBPsS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denise McNally, Transformational Life and Relationship Coach (BSc Hons, Mbpss, MAC), believes that relationships and wellness are the two most important things in life. Whether you are struggling with your relationship with yourself or with another or if you want to attract that special someone into your life, Denise is the coach for you. Also, if your relationship with yourself is not based on self-love and self-value then that usually impacts your overall confidence, health and wellness through the lifestyle choices you are making, so Denise can help you to transform this area of your life too.
Denise McNally, Transformational Life and Relationship Coach (BSc Hons, Mbpss, MAC), believes that relationships and wellness are the two most important things in life. Whether you are struggling with your relationship with yourself or with another or if you want to attract that special someone into your life, Denise is the coach for you. Also, if your relationship with yourself is not based on self-love and self-value then that usually impacts your overall confidence, health and wellness through the lifestyle choices you are making, so Denise can help you to transform this area of your life too.
07403 938143 View 07403 938143
Photo of Paul Coney, BACP, Counsellor
Paul Coney
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
As a person-centred counsellor, I have extensive experience in addressing a diverse range of issues, specialising in areas such as self-esteem, trauma, anxiety, depression, and addiction. I am deeply committed to providing a nurturing and non-judgemental space where individuals can freely explore their thoughts and emotions. My approach is rooted in the belief that each person possesses the inherent capacity for growth and self-discovery. I view therapy as a collaborative journey, where I serve as a supportive guide, accompanying clients as they navigate their challenges and work towards their goals.
As a person-centred counsellor, I have extensive experience in addressing a diverse range of issues, specialising in areas such as self-esteem, trauma, anxiety, depression, and addiction. I am deeply committed to providing a nurturing and non-judgemental space where individuals can freely explore their thoughts and emotions. My approach is rooted in the belief that each person possesses the inherent capacity for growth and self-discovery. I view therapy as a collaborative journey, where I serve as a supportive guide, accompanying clients as they navigate their challenges and work towards their goals.
028 9692 8137 View 028 9692 8137
1

See more therapy options for BT71

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in BT71

20+

Average cost per session

£45

Counsellors in BT71 who prioritize treating:

97% Self Esteem
93% Depression
93% Anxiety
93% Stress
76% Relationship Issues
76% Bereavement
76% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Other
50% Bupa
33% Aviva

How Counsellors in BT71 see their clients

100% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in BT71?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.